Buying a house together, it is hard to find a room in the school district, and the price has skyrocketed ... Since the beginning of this year, there has been a wave of enthusiasm in first-tier cities such as Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen and key cities such as Hangzhou. In this regard, local governments responded quickly and intensively introduced relevant policies. The financial management department has also strengthened the supervision of housing finance, and strictly controlled personal consumption loans and personal commercial loans to flow into the real estate market in disguise.
Big cities try to curb the real estate market fever
"Last month, a two-bedroom apartment in Xicheng District suddenly rose by 300,000 yuan. Because the seller found that after the listing was hung up, there were too many people who came to see the house and were willing to buy a house. " Xiao Wu told the Financial Times reporter that the fluctuation of house prices some time ago made him feel a little overwhelmed when he first prepared to buy a house.
"Second-hand houses are different from new houses, and a house has a price. Even for units with the same price at that time, the price will be affected by objective factors such as floors and maintenance, and it also has a certain relationship with subjective factors such as the judgment of house prices and the trading game between buyers and sellers. " A real estate agent in Beijing told the Financial Times reporter.
According to the above-mentioned real estate agency staff, the intermediary industry has recently felt the strengthening of regulatory policies, such as not encouraging owners to raise the price of selling houses and not participating in various disguised "down payment loans". "In addition, each suite cannot show more than two groups per week. In this way, buyers with strong willingness to buy will be selected to reduce the interference of unnecessary demand on house purchase transactions. "
"Recently, the prices of school districts (or specific areas) in Shenzhen and other places in Beishang have risen rapidly. This is caused by many factors: first, the imbalance between supply and demand, second, hot money speculation, and third, some funds illegally entered the property market. " Wang Peng, an assistant professor at China Renmin University, thinks.
Recently, the relevant big cities have "punched" the property market fever from all angles. In terms of housing finance, on October 29th, 65438/KLOC-0, Shanghai Banking Supervision Bureau issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Personal Housing Credit; On October 30th, 65438/kloc-0, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau released information, requiring banks to conduct a comprehensive self-examination on the compliance of newly issued personal consumption loans and personal business loans since the second half of 2020.
"This inspection in Beijing fully reflects the direction of the financial supervision department to continue to implement the policy of living and living, which has a strong signal significance. Combined with the new mortgage policy issued by Shanghai before, it can be considered that a very important task in the recent real estate regulation and control is to strictly investigate the phenomenon of illegal funds flowing into real estate. This also means that the banking system and the housing management system will play a set of' combination boxing' more effectively. This will help stabilize market expectations. " Yan Yuejin, director of Yiju Real Estate Research Institute, said.
Buyers should be alert to the risk of illegal operation.
The operation method of illegal funds flowing into real estate has recently been frequently "screened". "Take Beijing as an example. The second suite with a total price of more than 4.68 million yuan in the Fifth Ring Road needs a down payment of 80%. Many buyers who are not so well-off will buy houses with' operating loans' as leverage. In this way, you only need to pay interest every month, and you can repay the principal at maturity. Not only is the amount high, but the interest is also lower than the mortgage. Starting from helping to set up company information, many intermediaries will provide full-process services for buyers. " A real estate industry insider in Beijing told the Financial Times reporter.
However, under the attractive appearance of illegal operation, there are many risks hidden. "Finally, we still consider not buying a house in this way. After all, it is not a small amount, and it is more reassuring to use formal mortgages. " Ms. Zhao, who recently bought a house, gave up the way that the intermediary introduced her to buy a house with operating loans instead of mortgages.
Ms. Zhao' s worry is not unreasonable. "This set of illegal operations needs to be completed by registering a company, handling a business license, forging a running water, credit cycle, and fund advance. In the context of clear investigation signals, various' tacit understandings' formed in these operational links in the past are easily punctured. " The above-mentioned insiders said.
At the same time, the regulatory authorities require banks to conduct self-inspection, which also directly affects buyers who leverage in this way. "If the bank determines in the self-examination that there is an illegal operation of buying a house with a commercial loan, it will recover the loan in advance. In this way, buyers will face the risk of unexpected events in the capital chain. If they can't repay in advance, they may be sued by the bank. " A person related to a large state-owned bank told the Financial Times reporter, "Under the current trend of stricter supervision, banks will not only go back to self-examination, but also strengthen pre-lending management. Buyers who want to leverage in this way will face greater risks. "
Banks should attach great importance to business compliance
Due to the favor of mortgage as a good asset, some banks have relaxed the management of credit loans and consumer loans, providing opportunities for credit funds to illegally flow into the property market. This area has also become the focus of housing financial supervision.
In view of the illegal entry of credit funds into the property market, the regulatory authorities have strictly blocked the loopholes that existed in the past in the recent regulatory policies. All along, the field of housing finance belongs to the field of "heavy supervision". With the recent attention of the regulatory authorities, the banking industry should attach great importance to related business risks, strengthen business compliance, and conduct business investigations in a timely manner.
"In the field of real estate, banks should find problems and guard against risks through self-examination of business departments and special inspections of the second and third lines of defense, regularly carry out risk investigation of liquidity and solvency of real estate development enterprises and risk investigation of large personal housing loans and personal commercial housing loans, and take timely measures to rectify the problems found in risk investigation. At the same time, banks should stress test existing real estate loans according to changes in the real estate market. " According to a research report of the Institute of Financial Supervision.
Further standardize the field of housing leasing
In order to implement the spirit put forward by the Central Economic Work Conference at the end of last year, such as solving the outstanding housing problem in big cities, improving the housing rental policy and standardizing the housing rental market, Shenzhen, Beijing, Shanghai and other places have recently issued housing rental related policies to promote the development of this field.
In the face of the situation that some housing leasing companies disrupt the market by means of "high rent and low rent" and "long rent and short payment", Beijing has standardized this in this regulation, requiring housing leasing companies to charge the lessee rent in advance in principle not to exceed three months' rent, and the time limit for collecting and paying rent should match; Require such enterprises to collect the deposit from the lessee through a special account set up by Beijing Real Estate Agency Industry Association, and the amount of the deposit collected shall not exceed 1 month rent; In addition, banking financial institutions, small loan companies and other institutions are also required not to allocate the lease loan funds applied by the lessee to the housing leasing enterprises.
"From the perspective of rent, this policy has put an end to the phenomenon of' long receipt and short payment', prevented long-term rental apartment enterprises from earning the difference, and also regulated the use of rent. As for the deposit, it not only stipulates that the deposit can only be charged for one month, but also clarifies the concept of deposit custody. As for the down payment loan funds, this policy does not suppress down payment loans, but only stipulates that such funds cannot be directly given to long-term rental apartment enterprises. These three policies are more pragmatic and make up for various loopholes in the management of the long-term rental apartment market. " Yan Yuejin said.
Shanghai has also taken measures to strictly control the rental loan business. "Shanghai's policy prohibits increments on the one hand, and stipulates that housing leasing institutions that have not carried out this business may not add this business in principle; On the other hand, it will reduce the stock and make it clear that the' rental loan/rent' ratio cannot exceed 15%. This is also the first credit policy in the leasing market to reduce the rental loan ratio, which will help standardize this kind of business. " Yan Yuejin said.
As an important wing of building a long-term mechanism of the property market, housing lease will highlight the residential property of real estate and ease the contradiction between occupation and residence in big cities, which will be an important direction for the development of the property market during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. "Only by combining the measures of renting and selling affordable housing, long-term rental of apartments, listing of rural collective land, participation in public rental housing and policy adjustment of public rental housing with financial credit can we maintain the stability of the real estate market in the long run and curb the excessive rise of housing prices." Wang Peng said.