1, the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the death of Emperor Sima Yan, and the succession of his second son, Hui Di Sima Zhong. Hui Di is a stupid man who can't govern the country, so the famous "Eight Kings Rebellion" happened in the history of the State of Jin. Eight of them are relatives of the Jin royal family. The "Eight Kings Rebellion" further worsened the already weak rule of the Jin Dynasty. ?
In 308 AD, the Xiongnu Khan proclaimed himself emperor in Liu Yuan and began the process of destroying gold. Immediately after Liu Yuan ascended the throne, he sent his son Liu Cong and general Wang Mi to attack Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty. Conquer Luoyang and plunder Sima Chi, the emperor of Huai Jin.
After Emperor Huai was captured, Ding Yan, the secretariat of Yuzhou, and Jia Jia, the secretariat of Yongzhou, made Sima Ye, the grandson of Emperor Wu, emperor, and they were all in Chang 'an. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (AD 3 16), Chang 'an was besieged, and the Emperor Sima Ye of the Jin Dynasty came out of the mountain, and the Western Jin Dynasty ended. ?
The Western Jin Dynasty was the first dynasty in Chinese history to be conquered by foreigners. In 3 16 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty perished, which lasted for 52 years with five emperors. Among them, one died of illness, two died of national collapse and two died of civil strife.
2. The beginning and end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
In 3 16 AD, Sima Ye, the last emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, was captured, which declared the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty. However, some old ministers of the Jin Dynasty are not reconciled to the fate of national subjugation, and are still active all over the country, ready to restore the rule of the Jin Dynasty.
In 3 17, Si Marui, the king of Langya, became emperor in Jiankang with the support of clans in the Central Plains and the South of the Yangtze River. His country name is still Jin, and he was the emperor in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Because he settled in Jiangnan after the Western Jin Dynasty, historians call it the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In 383 AD, a famous battle took place between the former Qin regime established in the north and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the former Qin army was defeated by the Eastern Jin army. Since then, the Eastern Jin Dynasty has won the Northern Expedition and recovered some lost land. However, the internal contradictions and disputes over rights in the Eastern Jin Dynasty made it impossible to consolidate the achievements of the Northern Expedition. By 420 AD, Emperor Wu of Song abolished the Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor, and established the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was declared extinct.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Si Marui proclaimed himself emperor in 3 16, and Sima Wende abdicated in 420. 1 1 emperor, 104 emperor. Throughout the history of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it can be summarized as "the emperor hangs his arch and the gentry is in power".
At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, social unrest intensified and the situation changed rapidly, so the gentry could not take power as usual and the Sima family could not succeed as usual. At this time, Liu Yuze, a civilian representative who has walked to the front desk of history, mercilessly abandoned the Sima family, changed the pattern of door politics and rebuilt the ruling order of imperial power politics.
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Brief introduction of Jin dynasty
The Jin Dynasty (266-420), a dynasty in the history of China, was divided into the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, among which the Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in the history of China and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties. The Jin Dynasty spread to the fifteenth emperor, 155, * * *.
In 266 AD, he usurped Wei, established Luoyang as its capital, and gained the title of Gold. Historically known as the Western Jin Dynasty, Wu was destroyed in 280 A.D. and unified. After the Eight Kings Rebellion and Yongjia Disaster, the national situation gradually declined. In 3 16, the western Jin dynasty was destroyed by barbarians in the north, and there was chaos in the north, which was called five chaos in history.
In 3 17, Jinshi moved south, and Si Marui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty under Jianye, which made many northern expeditions. In 383, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was temporarily consolidated after the war with the former Qin Dynasty. During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, and northerners moved south to develop the Jiangnan area. In 420, Liu Yu established Liu Song, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished. The history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The political system of the Jin Dynasty was clan politics, which was the basis of the six-part system in the three provinces of Sui and Tang Dynasties. Compared with the Three Kingdoms period, agriculture, commerce and handicrafts in the Jin Dynasty developed further.
Although the Jin Dynasty was the declining period of China culture since the end of Han Dynasty, it made new progress in philosophy, literature, art, history, science and technology. Jin Dynasty culture is developing towards diversification, which is an era of cultural creation, conflict and integration. Because the exclusive position of Confucianism has been broken, philosophy, literature, art, history and science and technology have been innovated, and some of them have become independent knowledge.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Jin Dynasty