Sun Xinyu: Tao Shu, a beam of light in the night; I have been active and enterprising all my life, shining like the sun and creating a sunshine culture.
Zhang Zhidong, a famous minister and representative of Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty, should regard Tao as the first talented person since Daoguang.
Lin Zexu, a national hero: generously leading Jianghuai, but forgetting to be humiliated, beauty is ultimately determined by public opinion; In the former heavy mountain battle, the pace is getting worse and worse, and Zhang is ashamed to replace others.
Xiao Yishan, a famous historian in China: Zeng Guofan, Zuo and Hu Linyi Gu all flaunted their own way of doing things, and they were all influenced by Tao Shu and He Changling.
Tao Shu is the main representative of the Confucian Classics School in Qing Dynasty and an important official in Daoguang period. Especially when he was the governor of Anhui Province, he carried out a drastic comprehensive management of Anhui Province and achieved good results. He set up the shipping business when he was the governor of Jiangsu and achieved great success, which was the most important and typical achievement of the modern landlord class reformists in China.
He had a far-reaching influence on the "Three Masters of Xiang Army" in the aspects of neo-Confucianism, reform, official management, talents and patriotism. The "Three Masters of Xiang Army" (Zeng Guofan, Zuo and Hu Linyi) can be regarded as the inheritors and promoters of Tao Shu's thoughts and career.
Zhang Zhidong and Zhang Peilun, the leaders of the late Qing Dynasty, often took it as their duty to judge the characters, and once clearly put forward: "Tao (Shu) should be the first talented person since Daoguang." Lin Zexu also spoke highly of Tao Shu all his life. Generosity attracts jianghuai, humiliation forgets worries, and beauty is ultimately determined by public opinion; In the former heavy mountain battle, the pace is getting worse and worse, and Zhang is ashamed to replace others.
What kind of person is Tao Shu? Why should the title of Prince Bao be added to the official title of Governor of Jiaqing and Liangjiang in Qing Dynasty? What kind of background did such a great thing in the so-called dark feudal society, which made him live a comfortable life and realized the ultimate value of life.
Take a closer look at all the information of Uncle Tao. No aristocratic background, no special background. His life came out step by step. The difference is that there is always a bright light in his heart, which glows and warms his body, illuminates the journey of life and makes life brilliant. This lamp is a positive and enterprising sunshine mentality, which can shine everywhere.
This mentality makes him like a little sun. On the road of life, no matter what difficulties and obstacles he meets, he can face them with a smile, face the difficulties, pass them smoothly, walk out of a sunshine avenue and create a splendid sunshine culture of the Chinese nation.
? First, I was born in a farm and transferred to another school. The road to the imperial examination has easily achieved my goal in life.
Tao Shu was born in Taojiawan, Xiaoyan Town, Anhua County, Hunan Province on April 30th, 1943. His father is a teacher. Seven-year-old Tao Shu followed his father Tao Biquan to Changsha and studied at Yuelu Academy. In the fifty years of Qianlong (1785), my father Tao Biquan returned to the home of Nanhongtianwang (Wang Chongzhuo, a close friend of Tao Biquan) in Xiaoyan Zhenjiang because of his mother's homesickness, and Tao Shu still followed. In the fifty-two years of Qianlong (1787), Tao Biquan went home to farm and learn knowledge; Tao Shu also studied everywhere, began to learn Confucian classics such as the Four Books and Five Classics, and took part in some agricultural labor.
In the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), Tao Biquan was invited to Anhua County (now Meicheng Town) to preside over the restoration of the South Tower, and Tao Shu followed him to study in Anhua Gong Xue. In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (1792), Tao Biquan set up a library to teach at Zeng Runpan's Yiyang home, and Tao Shu still followed him for four years. From these experiences, we can see that when Tao Shu was a child, he still worked firewood, spared cattle and fished, and lived a hard life, which was no different from most children born in rural areas at that time.
I want to wander around with my parents, such as Yuelu Academy, my father's friend's house, Anwar Academy and so on. Whenever my parents go there, he will follow them. Of course, they all study and work in agriculture. My father is a teacher, his family is not very poor, and he has four books and five classics to read, which is what he has in common with other Dow celebrities.
After 60 years of Qianlong (1795), Tao Shu took the county school examination and made up all the students in the city. In the third year of Jiaqing (1798), Tao Biquan moved to Shijing, Yiyang, and set up a library in Liu Jingyuan's home as a disciple. Tao Shu still studied with his father. In the same year, Tao Shu married Huang Defen, a native of Hequxi, Yidu, Anhua County. In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), he went to Changsha with his father to take the Hunan Provincial Examination.
In the sixth year of Jiaqing (180 1), Tao Shu left home to take the exam in the north, but failed in Sun Shan. According to my father's instructions, I stayed in Beijing to review my lessons and prepare to try again in order to make progress. In the spring of the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), Tao Shu took the examination of agricultural science in Beijing and was the 63rd Jinshi. Take the palace exam in April, dimethyl15; During the entrance examination, Emperor Jiaqing summoned him and named him the 55th, becoming the first Jinshi in Anhua.
Tao Shu, like other people of his generation, was studying in elementary school, junior high school and senior high school. He took the provincial examination, the imperial examination, the imperial examination, which was considered decadent by everyone, and it was no different from our current reading style. He once lost his reputation in Sun Shan and paid repeated tuition fees. But he listened to his father's instructions, made positive progress and studied hard. In the end, this bad and decadent road to the imperial examination came to Tao Shu's beautiful life. In the end, he won the 63rd place and became the first scholar in Anhua County.
Don't complain, don't struggle, don't care, work hard on the road that everyone has to go, get up after falling, move on, and finally reach the finish line and achieve the goal. This is the road of imperial examination that Tao Shu tried to take when he was young, which is no different from others, but he can still walk out of a bright road through his own efforts.
Second, people-oriented, reform and innovation, making a difference is the highest realm of life.
Tao Shu was born in the countryside, participated in agricultural production, and knew the sufferings of farmers. When I was a teenager, I read Confucian classics such as Four Books and Five Classics. I still want to make a difference in my inner world, and do something for myself, society and poor farmers.
Tao Shu has a strong people-oriented thought and understands the importance of "popular support" and "people power". People-oriented thought has left a deep imprint on Tao Shu's heart, which is embodied in his concern, care, sympathy, love and protection for the people. He attached importance to agricultural production, taught farmers to plant double-cropping rice and build water conservancy projects. Concerned about people's lives, whenever there is a disaster, always go deep into the disaster area to give relief.
Sympathize with the people's difficulties, repeatedly reflect the people's difficulties to the court, and declare tax reduction and tax extension. Protect the people's stable life and try our best to punish officials and villains who oppress the people. Many of his poems show more vividly that he always has the broad masses of the people in his heart. If you don't forget the farmer when eating, "you are often afraid of being seven feet tall and far from being ashamed of a bag of millet."
Don't forget the tea farmers when drinking tea. "Who knows that the buds in the dish have more blood on their shoulders." Fully expressed his deep concern for the broad masses of the people. People-oriented, serving the officials for the people and doing things for the people are Tao Shu's way of being an official and his greatest pursuit of making a difference in life.
When managing water, Tao Shu thinks for the people everywhere, pays special attention to inheriting tradition without mud, and dares to reform and innovate. Doing things for the country and sharing worries for the people is the purpose of doing things. But in the process of doing things, we must boldly conceive, boldly carry out reform and innovation, in order to break through the original deposition, make achievements and make a difference, which is the highest realm of Tao Shu's life.
For example, when harnessing the Huaihe River, dams will be built on both banks to raise the water level of Hongze Lake and store the enemy in the Yellow River. In the process of harnessing Hongze Lake, in view of the flood caused by the Yellow River, the water communicated with Hongze Lake was dredged and pumped into the lake in an attempt to increase the water volume of Hongze Lake, making it difficult for the water from the Yellow River to enter the lake.
In the history of harnessing Wusong River, there were stone gates at the mouth of the sea. At high tide, the stone gate is closed to prevent sediment from entering. When the tide ebbs, open the floodgate and let the river flow into the sea. After on-the-spot investigation, Tao Shu found that the construction of sluice can not only prevent sediment from entering Wusong River, but also cause the sediment in the sea and lake to stop flowing outside the sluice, and the sediment in the river will accumulate in the sluice, which will do more harm than good.
Tide has the ability to carry sand, but ebb tide also has the ability to carry sand, which can slightly take away the sediment washed down by the river. In contrast, low tide has more and more beneficial effects. Building sluice is labor-intensive, laborious and expensive, and it will hinder the traffic between ships and adversely affect the traffic. Therefore, Tao Shu changed "building a sluice to stop the tide" to "breaking the sluice and opening the sea".
When harnessing Liuhe and Baimao River, Tao Shu decided to turn Liuhe into a Qinghe River that does not enter the sea after on-the-spot investigation. This is because there are bodies at the ends of Liu Er River and Baier River, and the outside is higher than the inside. If you must open the estuary, you will be afraid of the overflow of the tide, which is easy to clog, and there are sand barriers at the entrance and exit, so it will be more laborious to carry out dredging. That is, after opening, the rising sand may be connected again. Today, for farmland, if irrigation is favorable and sparse, it will be a long river of clear water.
There is no need to ask for access to the sea, which is not only the work fee before the program, but also the sludge in the future. It seems certain that it is profitable farmland. "This pioneering work has been highly appreciated by Wei Yuan.
Being brave, obeying the rules and doing things well are the greatest merits in life.
Tao Shu claimed to be "sharp in nature, and every ignorance is called fear." When things happen, you can "take care of yourself" and finish what you started. Tao Shu admired the heroes who took the world as their responsibility and made great efforts to govern the country in history. Zhang, in particular, regardless of resistance and opposition, did not avoid suspicion and resentment, purged bureaucracy, set out to reform, chose the good and abandoned it, and finally opened up a new look for the next generation. Tao Shu admired Zhang's courage and called him a "prodigy".
Tao Shu's administration embodies the spirit of going forward bravely and taking the world as his own responsibility everywhere. Tao Shu is good at political administrative ability. First of all, his rich knowledge laid the foundation for doing things. Tao Shu is known as a child prodigy, smart and alert, with clear thinking, strong memory and understanding.
Tao Shu not only carefully studied Confucian classics and official books such as Four Books and Five Classics and Zi Shi Wenji, but also exhibited miscellaneous books such as unofficial history, notes, local chronicles, genealogy and novels. After entering the officialdom, I worked in imperial academy and the National History Museum, dealing with literati and scholars, and my knowledge was greatly improved and my knowledge was broader.
Tao Shu loves studying very much, and there are many books at home. Zuo once said in Xiaoyan: "I am the fastest runner here, and I will get rich with my first book, because I have read useful books from the Covenant of Nations." When Zuo was printing books, he stumbled upon a way to find water in the desert, which later played a great role in the Northwest War. This example shows that Tao Shu's book collection is extensive and practical, and it also shows that Tao Shu is well-read and knowledgeable.
Tao Shu's political administrative ability, coupled with rich experience, laid the foundation for it. After becoming an official, Tao Shu worked as an official in Beijing for more than ten years, and had contacts with the political, economic, cultural, military, examination, education and other departments of the central government of the Qing Dynasty. I have been to Sichuan, Shanxi, Anhui and Jiangsu, and I have been to many provinces.
From the position, from the central organization, suggestions, examiners, to things; Taoist priests, provincial judges, political envoys, governors, and governors go to places. Rich experience not only accumulates experience, but also increases administrative ability, which can not only deal with various problems in complex situations, but also improve the overall command and decision-making ability.
Tao Shu's outstanding performance in politics lies in his ability to grasp the key issues that affect the overall situation in complex situations, that is, what he called "radical" and "outline"; That is what we usually call "grasping the principal contradiction" and "leading the cow by the nose". Wei Yuan called it "a life of innovation, an outline of affairs, and a great guide." On the issue of salt policy, official salt is unsalable, private dealers are rampant, and there is no salt class. Tao Shu grasped the key problem of high cost of official salt and emphasized that the solution was to "cut the price to benefit the enemy and private interests", and the salt problem was solved.
Managing Jiangsu's water conservancy, Tao Shu made a profound analysis from the overall situation: "The water conservancy in the world is greater than that in Jiangnan, and Taihu Lake is also the largest in Jiangnan. Its way of releasing water into the sea is called Wusong, Liuhe and Huangpu. And Dongting's east-west mountain branch river leaves the port, and there are 36 pu who get its name. Drought makes preparation, food and clothing makes life, and prosperity makes life. Therefore, Jiangnan water conservancy must first treat Taihu Lake. The governance of Taihu Lake is not only the governance of downstream Wusong, Liuhe and Huangpu, but also the governance of tributary rivers and ports, followed by small water governance and large water governance. " Jiangsu's water conservancy management is established according to this principle.
Another outstanding performance of Tao Shu's good at politics is that he is good at dealing with interpersonal relationships. Know people and be good at their duties, and give full play to the positive role of subordinate officials. Feudal officialdom, cronyism, mutual subordination, and mutual protection of officials. The emperor also used the contradiction between officials to control his ministers. For example, the governors and governors of local provinces are responsible to the emperor respectively. They are always suspicious of each other, and the emperor also uses them to control provincial officials. Tao Shu has no brains and treats others as one.
Since Beijing officials, a group of bureaucrats have joined forces, such as Xuannan Poetry Society, which is a group for Tao Shu to keep in touch with his colleagues. When Tao Shu was governor, he had friendly relations with governors Sun Yuting, Qishan and Jiang Youkun, and received their support and help successively. After serving as the governor of Liangjiang, he was able to unite and cooperate with the governors of Lukun, Cheng, Lin Zexu, Chen Luan, Zhang Shicheng, Deng Tingzhen, Yutai and Qian. In Qing Dynasty, the governors of Liangjiang and He Yun clashed and blamed each other for their responsibilities and geographical relations.
It is a rare miracle in Qing Dynasty that Tao Shu supported Zhang Jing and Lin Qing, the governors of river transportation, and supported each other. Tao Shu can not only cope with the complicated feudal officialdom, but also be good at knowing people and employing people. The Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty says that Tao Shu's political success is closely related to his unity and ability to use talents.
In the face of different opinions and existing problems, Tao Shu's greatest achievement in his life is to take responsibility bravely, try to eliminate wrong opinions, follow the logic of things, find dialectical laws between things, boldly imagine, find new ways to solve problems and try to do things well.
Four? Endless mind and rational work have created a splendid sunshine culture in China.
? Tao Shu's motto is: "If you do one thing, you have to do one thing, so your heart is safe." Diligence, hard work, diligence and serious responsibility are the basic principles of Tao Shu's official management. In the official department, "the case is as big as a scale, and it is also ruled by one hand, not a pseudo-scholar." In eastern Sichuan, he rebelled against the weak and procrastinating style of officialdom and was highly effective. "There is a lawsuit and the judgment is like running water." All the lawsuits have been properly handled.
Cleaning up money and grain in Anhui, "chestnuts are squatting in front of the desk day and night, like the hard work of the elderly." Let the examiner review the papers, read three articles per volume, then write comments and make conclusions, so as not to cause excellent papers to fall off the list. After Tao Shu arrived in his government, aides and bookmen flocked to him, and he still insisted on doing things by himself.
Wei Yuan said that he "can't put down the book, he can write a thousand words, and he can't replace the grass." "Hong debate, up and down, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, twists and turns, without exception. I will meet the old family from morning to noon, and I will point out the area without sending any details. " From decision-making to implementation, we are all hands-on, in good order and according to the rules.
A notable feature of Tao Shu's diligence is his emphasis on investigation and practice, seeking truth from facts and proceeding from reality. He stressed that only by in-depth investigation of the actual situation and understanding the advantages and disadvantages of all parties can we get the truth.
To run a political place, we must know the local mountains and rivers, customs, people's feelings, officials, teachers, schools and financial resources, so as to proceed from reality and run politics well. Sichuan Governor Jiang Youkai said that wherever Tao Shu went, he knew the local situation like the back of his hand. When others arrive at a place, it always takes several months to get familiar with the local situation.
Tao Shu presides over shipping. "When you discuss, you can sleep and raise money. The signatories are officials, people on the shore of the ocean, and strangers to the sea. It is hard for the public to refute. The more you push, the more you try. " Only by comprehensively and carefully investigating all aspects can we formulate policies and take actions, and the success of shipping can be realized.
Another notable feature of Tao Shu's diligence is that he is not only diligent in talking about things, but also diligent in investigating and understanding the situation, and diligent in doing things, constantly checking and urging, finding problems and solving problems in practice. Someone once recorded Tao Shu's acceptance of Wusongjiang water conservancy project: "Follow the screen, observe on foot, and don't be bullied by subordinate officials, and you will feel at ease after the wind and frost." Measure the depth and width inside and outside the dam with a water gauge. Anyone who does not meet the requirements will be severely punished and reworked immediately.
The water conservancy project presided over by Tao Shu has withstood the test of flood and played a long-term role. At that time, the general officials accepted the project, mostly "riding like a cloud, and eight ponies galloped away on the embankment", regardless of the quality of the project. In the 13th year of Daoguang (A.D. 1833), Tao Shu and Lin Zexu, after careful investigation and research, put forward the idea of currency reform centered on "self-casting silver coins". This can resist the invasion of foreign currency, ensure the stability of domestic currency, solve the biggest financial problem at that time, and be conducive to the emergence and development of capitalist budding economy.
Wei Yuan once commented that Tao Shu was "a great scholar in ancient and modern times and a great dramatist", "an academician poet, an imperial historian, a soldier in eastern Sichuan and a traitor official." "Being able to write poetry" refers to literary talent; "Talking" means having courage and knowledge; "Competent officials" refer to administrative ability. After entering the officialdom, Tao Shu is famous for his ability, especially for dealing with all kinds of thorny problems in the real society.
Tao Shu was active and enterprising all his life, worked hard, put down his books, was knowledgeable and had a keen mind. Therefore, he wrote poetry all his life and achieved a lot. He wrote many works, including calligraphy and painting, and left many excellent works for later generations, including seventy-six volumes of Notes of Mr. Tao, eight volumes of Complete Works of Mr. Tao, eight volumes of Inscription of Mr. Tao, thirty-five volumes of Yin Xin Wen Chao and four volumes of Yin Xin Shi Chao (including Mountain Grass).
Moreover, no matter where Tao Shu is an official, he is particularly interested in local folk art, and pays attention to collecting these materials extensively and editing them into books. The works edited or published in the school include Old Collection of Zijiang, The Whole Case of Shipping, Re-emphasizing the Whole Case of Wusong, New Record of Yuntai, Wuzhong Chorus Collection, Wusongkou Chorus, Water Control Poem, Caohe Ice Prayer Atlas, Yuntaishan Chorus, Shiwujian Five-line Poem, etc. In addition, he also edited various geographical materials such as Anhui Tongzhi, Seven Cases of Water Conservancy, Yuanjiang County Annals, Anhua County Annals, Dongting Lake Tongzhi and Taojiapu (continued) to serve senior officials and educate the people.
These works are the best summary of Tao Shu's own behavior and the splendid ceramic culture he created with his own practical actions. Tao Shu's life is a life of positive action. He conducted on-the-spot research on various social stereotypes and omissions, boldly conceived according to the laws of things, formulated reliable policies, and carried out drastic reforms. In my spare time, I work hard, do things rationally, sum up my observation and thinking, become valuable cultural wealth, and create a splendid sunshine culture in China.
To annotate ...
On Huxiang School in the Jiaqing and Daoist Period of Qing Dynasty. Com[ reference date: 2014-10-14].
Yi Yongqing, Tao Yongshu, Tao Shu and "Three Heroes of Xiang Army" (I), hunan city university, 2005.
.360 personal library, Tao Shu: the pioneer of modern economic reform in China.
. Try anhua tea, Tao Shu.
Douding Com, the sentences in Tao Shu's The Virtue of Being an Official and their evaluation. Interactive encyclopedia, Tao Shu, Governor Qing.
. Wang Chao. com, The Thought of Governing the World and the Westernization Movement.
Ctrip. Com, "Traveling with thoughts-the third stop: Anhua Peach Tree Cemetery".
Clear manuscript, volume 379, biography 166, sinology navigation [reference date 20 15-08-28].
See history, Baidu Post Bar, Tao Shu.
"Gan Guo Liang Chen Tao Shu": "The debate on the river can't be heard again; Make the past serve the present and never see it again. It is no comfort for the imperial court to think about border defense with salt and water. Ah! Volkswagen's works are bullies of Weiss people. "