This part is the first lecture of social psychology. Teacher Liu gave us a series of lectures on the framework of social psychology.
Social psychology mainly talks about the relationship between ourselves and others, that is, the relationship between individuals and others.
I. Individuals
1, Socialization: Socialization is a process in which an individual grows from a natural person to a social person. It is a process in which an individual interacts with others, accepts social influences, learns to master social roles and behavioral norms, and forms personality, social psychology, behavior and life skills that adapt to the social environment.
2. Ego: Ego, also known as self-awareness or self-concept, is an individual's cognition of his own existence, including his own physiological state, psychological state, interpersonal relationship and social role.
That is, a person's definition and evaluation of himself is self-awareness (self-concept): who am I? What kind of person am I? Whether we evaluate ourselves positively or negatively determines how we will evaluate ourselves when we encounter something.
Self-concept has an important relationship with important others. A child who is criticized all day will have an impact on his self-concept, which will easily lead to inferiority, please others and deny himself.
Rogers said: self-concept is more important than the real self. It doesn't matter who you are, what matters is who you think you are, and what you think of yourself is more important.
Because a person's evaluation of himself will affect his words and deeds. If he feels bad about himself, he will give up many opportunities. Say you can do it, or you can't; Say you can't, you can't, you can't.
(1) Factors affecting self-concept: parent-child relationship, positive feedback, selective participation and reasonable comparison.
The first is the parent-child relationship. Good parent-child relationship will make children have strong self-esteem and high self-evaluation.
The second is positive feedback. You can express your anger, but don't express it angrily. Express what you want more, and others will know what you want.
The third is to choose to participate. Choose what suits you, and what suits you is the best. Don't want anything, want everything, and often get nothing. Choosing to participate is also important to our self-esteem. Don't expect yourself to do anything. It is better to study hard in one or two ways.
The fourth is reasonable comparison. Don't compare blindly, the result of comparison will only increase your troubles and internal friction. No comparison, no harm. What matters is not how much you get, but how much you want.
3. Social perception: Social perception is an evaluation of society as a whole, including individual perceptions of others, groups and themselves.
(1) Factors affecting social perception: experience, needs, interests, emotions?
Our world is built by ourselves, influenced by experience and built by our own experience. The world is diverse and has its own reasons. Know more about what he thinks. Do you think what you think is what you think?
Each of us has different needs, and we often understand society according to our own needs. When the demand changes, so will our role. When the position changes, the role changes, the needs will change, and the understanding and perception of society will be different.
Different interests, different concerns, different viewpoints. ? The world you see when you are in a good mood is different from that you see when you are in a bad mood. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
(2) Perceptual effects: primary effect, recency effect, halo effect and stereotype effect?
First, the first effect is the first impression, the impression of meeting for the first time. Strangers meet, blind date falls in love at first sight?
The second is recency effect, which is an impression of recent events. Acquaintances are greatly influenced by recency effect. If you are good to him, if you are not good to him, recency effect will appear. He doesn't think highly of you, or even completely denies you. Promote rice and retaliate with rice. There must be a line between friends and relatives, sometimes paying the most but not falling behind.
The third is halo effect, also known as halo effect. Love is blind. Eyes wide open before marriage and narrow after marriage.
The fourth is the stereotype, which takes people in a certain area for granted as their own appearance.
4. Attribute
Attribution includes external attribution and internal attribution. Happy marriages tend to attribute bad things to external causes (reasons outside the family), while unhappy marriages tend to attribute them to internal causes (people inside the family).
5. Social motivation
Affinity motivation: Affinity comes from attachment and develops into love and love. Altruism: If a person is not paid enough attention, altruism will weaken.
The second is achievement motivation.
The attraction of the goal, the subjective probability of success or failure, and the opportunity for individuals to display their talents.
If you want your child to help, you can tell him that you can buy him Altman after you help, so that the target is attractive.
Subjective probability of success and failure: If you are afraid of failure, you may not have the motivation to do it. For example, many boys dare not pursue excellent and beautiful girls. Try to do what you want to do first, don't be afraid of failure. Opportunities for individuals to display their talents: Now young employees will resign and leave if they can't display their talents in the unit.
The third is the motive of power.
Power motivation is the individual's psychological tendency to influence and control others. Everyone has the need to influence or control others without being controlled by others, and the psychological tendency to meet this need is dynamic, which is power desire or power motivation.
The fourth is the motive of aggression.
Aggressive motivation is the psychological tendency of individuals to intentionally hurt others in order to achieve balance and satisfaction.
Aggression, also known as aggression and violence, is an individual's intentional injury to others. Infringement consists of three factors: injury behavior, attack motivation and social evaluation.
Influencing factors of aggressive behavior: the degree of obstruction to the goal, the consequences of aggressive behavior, emotional state, self-control and moral development level?
6. Attitude
Attitude is an individual's overall evaluation and stable reaction tendency to a specific object.
(1) Attitude formation: compliance, recognition and internalization.
If you don't dislike it, you will have compliance. Failure to comply means disagreement. If you don't agree, you won't be internalized. For example, food sold in shopping malls will let you taste it first. Taste (obey) if you don't dislike it. It will taste good after tasting it (agree). Then it will be internalized, and then you will buy it.
Teach children not to criticize, but to respect. Compliance can only be achieved if you don't dislike it. Only when they have compliance can they identify and finally internalize. Marriage, too, needs careful management and strengthens what you want with the psychological knowledge you have learned.
(2) Attitude change: composition: sender (credibility, intention) → communication information (gap, way) → receiver (belief, personality) → situation (the content in brackets is the influencing factor).
What kind of news is more acceptable? If the information sent by the consultant is full of copper smell, are you still willing to consult him? Consultants should be credible, not intentional. The same is true of parents facing their children. Can you believe it? Do you have a strong will to change your children? Change is possible only if it is not aimed at change. ?
Some recipients are easily influenced by others, such as learning hypnosis, while others are easily hypnotized by teachers, especially worshiping teachers. You can respect the teacher, but don't worship a psychology teacher. ? Under what circumstances is it better to talk, such as falling in love, finding a beautiful place when we meet for the first time, tasting delicious food, and meeting people after dusk on the moon.
Second, others.
(1) communication
Information sources and people who transmit information, what information is transmitted, and through what channels, the information receiver is the person who hears the information. Communication needs feedback back and forth, and there are communication obstacles in the middle. In consultation, the worst thing is written communication, and the factors that hinder consultation are talkativeness, silence, dependence, empathy and resistance. The environment of the consulting room should be safe, relaxed, warm and hidden.
interpersonal relationship
The key to good interpersonal relationship is sincerity, and the most annoying thing is insincerity, which is hypocrisy.
1, the principles of good interpersonal relationship: mutual exchange, self-value protection, equality?
(1) Principle of reciprocity: Give it a peach and a pear. ? (2) Exchange: Reciprocity?
(3) the principle of self-worth: we like people who like us?
(4) the principle of equality:
2. Interpersonal relationships include affinity, liking and love.
(1) has the lowest affinity, and the deeper you like, the deeper you love. These are influenced by familiarity and proximity, similarity, complementarity, appearance, talent and personality.
The golden rule of love: similar values and complementary personalities. Love at first sight is often about appearance.
3. Marriage and family?
The difference between love and liking is attachment, altruism and intimacy. ? (1) Attachment: Love means that I miss you all the time. I like looking for you when I need you, and I like looking for others when I don't need you. ?
(2) Altruism: Love means that I am willing to give everything for you, and I like whether you can give more for me.
(3) Intimacy: Love means that I want to stick with you all the time, with sex as my demand, like it or not. ?
The core of the family is husband and wife. The more stable the relationship between husband and wife, the more stable the family will be, and the better the children will grow up. If you love children, love your other half. If the relationship between husband and wife breaks down, we should love our children in a measured way and do our own thing, otherwise the love for our children will suffocate them, and we should love ourselves in the end.
4. Social shock
Social influences include: conformity, social promotion (men and women are not tired of work), social idleness (eating the same pot), imitation suggestion (hypnosis is suggestion). ?