Endangered level: vulnerable.
Long, slightly flat, cylindrical. The head is flat, the tip of the nose is cracked, and it is in the terminal position. The maxilla is obvious and free, extending backward to the posterior edge of the eye. There are inwardly inclined sharp teeth on the upper and lower jaws, vomeroids and tongue. The scales are extremely small and oval, and the ring plates on the scales are clearly arranged without radiation slots. Lateral line scale 193-242 pieces of lateral line are complete. Lipid fins are well developed. The back is blue-brown and the abdomen is silvery white. There are many small dark black cross-shaped spots on the head and side of the body, as dense as millet. During spawning, both sexes are bronzed, and the lower leaves of ventral fin and caudal fin are orange-red, especially for male fish. Pyloric caecum 205-2 19.
Hucho taimen is a fierce fish eater with cold water and pure fresh water. Living in a stream with low temperature (below 15℃) and rapid water flow all the year round. In winter, due to the influence of water level, it will gradually move to the river or nearby deep water before freezing, looking for a place suitable for wintering. After opening the river in spring, it returns to the stream for reproductive migration, and moves to the main stream after August. There is a proverb among fishermen along the river in Heilongjiang Province, which refers to the migration law of LEPIDOPTERA and Hucho. Sexual maturity takes 5 years and the body length is 40-50 cm. The reproductive period begins in mid-May, and the water temperature is about 5- 10℃. Parent fish flock to spawn in a fast-flowing river with gravel as the bottom material, and the spawning method of parent fish is the same as that of salmon. Parent fish have the habit of burying eggs to protect their nests. After spawning, a large number of fish die, especially males. Larvae like to lurk between gravel spaces and don't swim often. Hucho is very greedy and is one of the fiercest species in freshwater fish. The foraging time is mostly before sunrise and after sunset. They swim from deep water to shallow water, preying on other fish, snakes, frogs, rodents and waterfowl. At other times, they lurk in the shady river bottom on both sides of the stream. Throughout the year, when the water temperature is slightly higher in summer, the appetite becomes worse, and even the phenomenon of stopping eating appears; Don't stop feeding in winter, just in the breeding season.
Hucho salmon is mostly distributed in Heilongjiang, Tumen and Irtysh rivers in China. Foreign countries are distributed in rivers such as Lena River to Bochaola River in Siberia, Volga River in Eastern Europe and the upper reaches of ural river.
Hucho taimen grows faster and at the same speed, which belongs to large economic fish. Generally, an individual weighs more than 3 kg, the largest can reach 50 kg, and the length exceeds 1 m. The meat is delicious and tender, and it is a kind of nutritious fish. It is also a specialty in alpine areas and a precious food in producing areas.
There is no detailed report on the resources of Hucho taimen, but according to the fishery resources in Heilongjiang Province (1985), the number of Hucho taimen in Heilongjiang Province is obviously lower than in the past, and the catch in the whole province is almost negligible. Mainly due to overfishing during the breeding period, the supplementary population is greatly reduced, and environmental pollution destroys the living environment, resulting in a significant decline in resources. At present, no effective protection measures have been formulated.
Both Taimen and Huchen are mackerel, which are widely distributed in continental Europe, Russia and Central Asia. The largest recorded Hucho taimen weighs 23 1 lb and is 84 inches long. Caught by commercial fishing nets on Koutuy River in 1943. The largest salmon on the Danube weighs 132 pounds and is 73.2 inches long. It was captured on the Danube River in 1873, and the world record for capturing it was John Bates of Karin Berg Global Travel Service in Seattle, USA. He had made many field trips to Siberia. Bates thinks, "They are like a hybrid of salmon and pike. Hu Qiao is a tenacious and sharp opponent. In the first 10 minutes after it takes the bait, you are completely dominated by it. A 60-pound hucho fish jumped out of the water several times and swam to a nearby underwater obstacle. If it still can't make the hook, it will try its best to escape downstream. If you are lucky, you can hold it for half an hour. " "Hucho is definitely one of the fiercest swimming fish. Someone has encountered them straightening all the triangular anchor hooks, and their teeth as sharp as blades can even bite the metal brain thread. " Hucho is a very aggressive carnivorous fish. According to Bates' companion Tom Knight, they once cut open an 80-pound hucho and found four salmon in its belly, each weighing four or five pounds. Another researcher found a dead Hucho 1 1 pound, and it was trying to swallow a 1658 with the same weight. Hucho fishermen often imitate the bait of winter mice and lemmings, and Hucho especially likes to eat lemmings crossing the river during migration. Liz said that the best bait is a 6-inch mouse-like bait.