It is a great thing to build a space where people can concentrate and be happy and isolate unpleasant factors as much as possible.
How to build a happy theme park from scratch? This is an explanation.
Position position position
Did you come up with some statues to put at the door? Wait a minute, before finding the right theme, the first thing to consider is the location.
In addition to determining the mode of transportation and travel costs of tourists, site selection will also greatly affect passenger flow. According to the data of the Urban Land Institute in Washington, USA, the primary tourist market of a large theme park (within 80 kilometers or an hour's drive) needs at least 2 million people; The population of the secondary tourism market (within 240 kilometers or three hours' drive) exceeds 2 million-this is only the demand in the 1990s.
Therefore, theme parks can't "escape from the North to Guangzhou". The closer they are to megacities with a population of 10 million, the more worried they are. Lin Huanjie, president of China Theme Park Research Institute, said that in addition to sufficient tourists and complete supporting transportation (some large parks can even improve urban transportation settings, and Universal Studios connects Beijing Batong Line and 1 Line), the city where the park is located will also become an attractive part. Counting the layout of Disney and Universal Studios, almost all of them have chosen popular tourist cities such as China, the United States, Japan, France and the West.
Can I choose a dream of red mansions as the theme?
Imagine walking into a dream of red mansions theme park. At the gate, twelve statues of golden hairpin are arranged in turn, and the roller coaster is placed next to the statues. The first theme area is Wang Xifeng. You pass through the entrance of the triangle eye shaped like a phoenix, and listen to Xifeng's signature laughter echoing throughout the park. ......
Isn't that a little strange?
Not all stories are suitable for parks. Generally speaking, a suitable substitute needs these factors: clear theme, public recognition, rich and direct plot, and iconic scenes and characters.
Theme parks want visitors to understand the theme in the shortest time, so it is best to extract elements from ready-made stories, which are not too complicated and need to be memorized. For example, when you see an ugly duckling, you think of the theme of growth and transformation. In addition, theme parks are mostly parent-child oriented, and stories should be told to Xian Yi for all ages. Daiyu's burial of flowers will impact the baby's cognitive limit.
Therefore, A Dream of Red Mansions is not a good theme of Xanadu, although it has enough public recognition and symbolic function. However, the plot is too rich and the emotion is subtle and long, and there are few key plots that hit the tourists' cognition at once to refine.
After the theme is determined, all the designs of the park should be close to it and serve it. Disney is an expert in this field. It focuses on building an illusion divorced from the real world, and the pursuit of dreams goes deep into every detail. Who designed the signboard of Shanghai Disneyland? Company O has said that they need to consider color, font, style, material, whether to use Chinese or English, whether to use sculpture, how to integrate with the surrounding environment, and so on. There are many factors to consider. Disney's own design team doesn't even call itself a designer. They call themselves "Imagineer", a coined word.
Lego theme park is also a simple and rude way to deduct the topic-let the buildings and amusement facilities in the park be built by tourists themselves with Lego.
Why do people stop playing?
The creation of immersion mainly depends on spending more money.
Tokyo Disneyland purchased about 300,000 trees to cover the external buildings. Orlando Disney, built in 197 1, directly bought the land around the park and took the environment around the park into its own hands. Finally, this paradise "grows" to 122 square kilometers, which is equivalent to the entire area of Shangcheng District of Hangzhou.
It is easy to destroy the immersion of theme parks. For example, in a paradise with the theme of the Tang Dynasty, there is a huge booth with the logo of Coca-Cola printed on it.
Liu Daohong, vice president of Fangte Group, a domestic theme park, and president of Fangte Design Institute, said that vision is the key to creating immersion-among all sensory inputs, vision contributes the most to human behavior and cognition. It sounds difficult to create a dream, but in fact, as long as it looks like it, it is more than half successful. "The human eye is easily deceived." Liu Daohong said.
Simply put, it is good to build a visual system to do two things-visual attraction and visual isolation. Visual attraction means that everything visitors see in the park is consistent with the theme, including but not limited to signs, lights, buildings, transportation, plants, clothing, environment and so on.
Visual elements should be as real as possible. In a book recording the creation process of Disneyland, the story that the contractor wanted to replace wrought iron with plastic was recorded, but it was rejected by the founder Walter. "If the design elements are not true, it will be difficult for guests to get rid of their doubts and put themselves in the story." Chris Nicholl, author of the book, said. In order to promote tomorrow's World Park, Disney also sought technical advice from NASA scientists wernher von braun, Willie Ley and Heinz Haber-to the effect that in 1955, the American Rocket Association included the trip to Disney as part of the regional conference.
The visual image should be as popular as possible to meet the cognition of all ages. Abstract art sculpture is not suitable for being put into paradise, which will interrupt tourists' play ideas and greatly reduce their sense of experience.
But it is difficult to do this. "The problem with theme parks is that they are too complicated. There are too many things to coordinate, shops, performing arts, cleaning and greening. " Liu Daohong said. For example, the coke stand in Datang Furong Garden is often because cooperative businesses want to expose their own brands, and hope that the bigger the logo, the better. If the merchants and the garden do not negotiate well, the result will be embarrassing for tourists.
Of course, other senses also play a role. In addition to the unified theme music, the theme park will also design different background music according to the area. Some exquisite theme parks will also use the sense of smell to enhance their cognition, but Liu Daohong thinks that the sense of smell is more dangerous because people's cognition of the sense of smell depends more on their personal experience and cultural background. Some people may smell like bananas, but others smell like decoration water.
Why is there a black cave in the rapids?
Theme park designers divide amusement facilities into two categories: one is a parade and performance show that makes people feel psychologically satisfied, and the other is a mobile phone game that directly stimulates the prefrontal cortex.
The performance show is actually a kind of visual stimulation. Like other visual settings in theme parks, it uses simulated scenes to convey stories, allowing visitors to match the received information with the knowledge reserves in their brains and produce a pleasant experience. Therefore, the performance show should let visitors know what scene and story they are in as soon as they enter the venue, even if the performance has not yet started.
The mobile game is essentially accelerating. According to the requirements of China Special Equipment Bureau, large-scale amusement facilities are divided into ten categories, such as sightseeing bus, scooter, elevated sightseeing bus and gyroscope, and their motion characteristics focus on rotating around the axis, sliding, lifting or falling freely. For example, the roller coaster, through the design of dive, vertical fall and parabolic motion, allows the human body to experience acceleration in six directions, which is the epitome of such facilities. These high or low accelerations stimulate the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for perception and psychology, and make people feel happy through the power of speed and "fear" under the protection of safety, and can't stop harvesting happiness.
However, amusement facilities, or the whole theme park, is very important to make tourists feel emotional. "Experience comes from change," Liu Daohong said. "Visitors will get used to it if they are always in the same state, and they will have a better experience if they keep changing." Therefore, there is always a dark area in a happy and bright amusement park, or you always have to go into a dark cave when playing white water-all these are to adjust your mood.
What if people are crowded?
Which direction will you go after entering the park gate?
Some studies believe that most people's subconscious always tends to walk counterclockwise from right to left. But if everyone visits according to this preference, it will be crowded easily.
Take Disney as an example, the theme area of Tomorrow World is always on the far right side of the entrance, which is to prevent congestion-the theme representing the concept of "future" is placed on the far right side of the entrance, suggesting that tourists can come back to play at last. In this way, tourists may confront the subconscious, and some people choose to visit clockwise from left to right.
Including placing attractive new projects, Disney will also choose to put it in the diagonal position of the last new project. So that people will not gather in the same place.
In order to do this better, most parks will adopt a circular layout. One of Disney's design preferences is central radiation, that is, the castle is the center, and every main passage of the park points to the center. This makes people not worry about getting lost, but are more willing to explore various places (and shops) in the park.
Don't underestimate the influence of a road on tourists' behavior. 1998 The team at Disney Animal Kingdom in Florida specially designed a road to hide the destination. The original intention is to attract tourists to solve puzzles. As a result, many tourists didn't go that way because they couldn't see their destination. Finally, the garden straightens and widens the road, so that tourists can see the head at a glance and the road can be recycled.
In addition, the circular layout is conducive to the circular moving line, so you don't have to go back and forth from time to time when visiting. In this way, people will wander around the park like hamsters.
Eliminate urgency of urination
No matter how much money the park spends to isolate the interference from real factors outside the park, there are always some elements in the park that make visitors return to reality, such as being anxious to find the toilet, or seeing the staff pushing the trash can by, it will also make people play for a second.
So I learned the layout of the toilet. Discussion on humanized design of public toilets in scenic spots points out that when people have a sense of urgency, the tolerable time is about 7- 15 minutes, and the distribution of public toilets in paradise should be based on this. In order to take care of the needs of children and the elderly, this distance needs to be shorter. At present, domestic experts generally believe that the radiation radius of public toilets in scenic spots is 200 to 500 meters, and the standard of some parks is that children can walk within 5 minutes.
And those rubbish, articles and props are all on the ground. Tokyo Disneyland has dug three underground tunnels, three meters high, six meters wide and three or four hundred meters long, allowing employees to carry food and props through.
On the ground, the cleaning staff should also balance the scales with the tourists. In Disney, cleaners must keep a distance of more than 15 meters from tourists when cleaning. If you meet a child with popcorn, the cleaning union will follow you at arm's length. As soon as the popcorn hits the ground, he will run to pick it up and take it away.
How much does it cost and how many people to build a paradise?
The design of amusement park is a huge project. Universal Studios Beijing, which officially opened less than a year ago, decided on its investment plan as early as 200 1, and it took 20 years from intention to landing. As for the investment, let's say that the initial investment of Tokyo Disneyland has increased from the scheduled 65.438+000 billion yen to 65.438+080 billion yen, or at 65.438+0983.
Liu Daohong introduced that it usually takes him four years to design an amusement park, the first two years to design and the second two years to build. His team consists of 400 people, including cognitive neuroscience, architecture, landscape design, psychology and other disciplines, not including outsourcing companies responsible for topography and water conservancy. If you add them all up, the design team of a theme park is as many as 1 100 people.
Finally, designers really need to visit theme parks around the world, but it is no longer interesting for them.