I praised him for following the ancient way of learning from the teacher and writing this "Shi Shuo" as a gift to him.
I. Original text
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid?
Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other.
The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! The teacher's way is unknown. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road, and the teacher said to go.
Second, translation.
People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. Teachers can be relied on to impart truth, teach research and answer difficult questions. People are not born to understand reason, who can have no doubts? With doubts and not learning from teachers, those who become difficult problems will not understand in the end.
Born in front of me, he understood the truth earlier than me, so I will follow him and regard him as a teacher; Born behind me, if he knew the truth before me, I should follow him and regard him as a teacher. I am learning from him. Who cares if he was born earlier or later than me? Therefore, regardless of status and age, the place where truth exists is the place where teachers exist.
Alas, the ancient fashion of learning from teachers has been circulating for a long time, and it is difficult to make people doubt it! Ancient saints, far more than ordinary people, followed teachers and asked for advice; Nowadays, ordinary people are far less clever than saints, but they are ashamed to learn from teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. The reason why saints can become saints and fools can become fools is probably because of this.
People love their children and choose teachers to teach them, but it is shameful for him to learn from them. What a fool! Those children's teachers teach them to read and help them learn to break sentences. It is not what I say that can teach those truths and answer those difficult questions.
On the one hand, I am unfamiliar with reading sentences, on the other hand, I can't solve my doubts. Some sentences are read after the teacher, and some sentences are not learned from the teacher. Want to learn from small aspects, but give up learning from big aspects. I don't see that kind of person is wise. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. When people like scholar-officials heard that "teachers" were called "disciples", they gathered in droves to laugh at others.
Asked why they were laughing, they said, "He is about his age and has similar moral knowledge. He feels that it is shameful to take a low-ranking teacher as a teacher, and it is almost flattering to take a high-ranking teacher as a teacher. " Alas! It can be understood from these words that the ancient fashion of learning from teachers cannot be restored. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are all people that gentlemen despise, but now their knowledge can't keep up with them. What a surprise!
A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, one of them can be my teacher." Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than students. They have heard about it early and heard about it late, and their knowledge and skills have their own specialties. That's all.
Pan, the Li family's child, is seventeen years old and likes classical Chinese. He has generally studied the six classics and is not bound by customs, so he learns from me. I praised him for following the ancient way of learning from the teacher and writing this "Shi Shuo" as a gift to him.
Third, the source
Mr. Changli's Collected Works and Teacher Theory
Extended data
First, the creative background
Shi Shuo was written by Zhen Yuan when he was a doctor in imperial academy No.4 School in 17-18 years (80 1-802). In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (80 1), the author who was dismissed from Xuzhou and lived in Luoyang to preach and teach, was twice transferred to Beijing as a candidate, and was awarded the position of imperial academy's fourth doctor in October of that year.
At this time, the author is determined to use imperial academy as a platform to revive Confucianism and reform the literary world, so as to realize his ambition of serving the country. However, when I came to imperial academy to take office, I found that the imperial examination hall was dark, the government was corrupt, and the bureaucracy was full of drawbacks, which led many students to lose confidence in the imperial examination and relax their studies. At that time, the upper class looked down on teachers.
In the scholar-bureaucrat class, there is a concept of "being ashamed to be a teacher", which directly affects the teaching and management in imperial academy. The author is saddened by this and clarifies people's vague understanding of "seeking a teacher" and "being a teacher" by answering Li Pan's question.
Second, the appreciation of works
Although the article also positively discusses the role of teachers, the importance of learning from teachers, who will be a teacher and other issues, it focuses on criticizing the bad atmosphere of being ashamed of learning from teachers that was popular among scholar-officials at that time. Judging from the writing intention and main spirit of the article, this is a highly targeted refutation paper.
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Han Yu (768-824) was born in Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province). Because its county looks Changli, it is called "Han Changli" in the world.
In the eighth year of Zhenyuan in Dezong (792), he became a scholar. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), due to the drought in Guanzhong, he angered the powerful minister and was demoted to Yangshan order. In the first year of Xian Zongyuan's reign (806), he called on Dr. Guo Zi. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he won meritorious service from Pei Du for Wu Yuanji in Huaixi. In the 14th year of Yuanhe, he was promoted to assistant minister of punishments. Use Buddhist bones to remonstrate and belittle Chaozhou secretariat. Later, he served as a national wine offering, assistant minister of the official department and Jing Zhaoyin.
He strongly advocated the movement of ancient prose, and his prose was listed as the first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. It advocates "taking literature as poetry" and strives for novelty and discussion in poetry writing. The Whole Tang Poetry contains ten volumes of Tang poetry. There is a collection of poems and essays edited by Mr. Changli.
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