1280' s prosperity: The Mongol Empire (1206~ 1635) reached its peak (45 million square kilometers) in 1280, but it was divided into Wokuotai Khanate, Qincha Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, ilhan State and Dayuan Empire. Especially the Great Yuan Empire, which is what China called the Yuan Dynasty today. It covers an area of 22 million square kilometers.
1388 defeated: 1388, the Ming dynasty general aquamarine defeated Yuan Di to Gusti Moore in the battle of Yuerhai.
Yu 'erhai, also known as Qingshui Lake, is located in Hararsheng, now Lake Baikal, in the territory of Minnur. In September of the 20th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1387), as a general, Emperor Yongchang led an army to attack Beiyuan. In April of the following year, the soldiers arrived in Qingzhou (now northwest of Bahrain Right Banner in Inner Mongolia). When they heard that the master of Yuan was fishing in the sea, they hid the flag and went all the way, but the Yuan army didn't know. After the army arrived, Yuan Taiwei Man Zi hastily refused to fight and was killed. Timur Timur rode away with Tianbao slave, the prince and dozens of others. The Ming army was awarded the second slave protection, including the late Prince Bi Li, Princess Tufei and Princess 120, including 3,000 officials, 70,000 men and women, 50,000 horses, cows and camels150, as well as precious seals, books and gold and silver seals.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, although the Mongols lost their rule over the Central Plains, they still had great influence in the northern grassland areas. Many parts of the country, such as Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, are still in the hands of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, which has always been a major threat to the Ming Dynasty. In the fourth year of Hongwu, Aquamarine cut Shu from Fu Youde and Kemian. Five years from Xu Da to the north, first out of the wild goose gate, defeated Yuan soldiers in the chaotic mountains, and then defeated the river. In seven years, he was a handsome soldier, and he won fifty-nine people, including Li's Lord protector. Eleven years with Pinghou Xi for the western expedition, captured three ambassadors under his chief, and gained thousands of people. Next year, when the teacher comes back, he will seal the post of Yongchang, eat 2,500 stones and give the world coupons.
In the autumn of the fourteenth year of Hongwu, Mu Ying built the Kunming Zhongyi Square, and Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Fu Youde as the general of Zhengnan, Aquamarine as the left vice president and Mu Ying as the right vice president. He rode 300,000 troops to Yunnan, and all the barbarians surrendered, and Yunnan was leveled. Mu Ying, Aquamarine and Fu Youde will gather in Yunnan to jointly announce the good news and make preparations for the aftermath. After reading Mu Yinggong's book, he ordered Mu to defend Yunnan. Since then, aquamarine has also been favored by Ming Taizu. In March of the sixteenth year of Hongwu, he called Nanshi back, and Mu Ying stayed in Yunnan.
In the twenty years of Hongwu, Yuan Taiwei left Naha, occupied several golden mountains and invaded Liaodong repeatedly. Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Sheng Feng as the general, Fu Youde and Aquamarine as the left and right deputy generals, and led two hundred thousand Northern Expeditions. The Ming army succeeded in the "Battle of Jinshan" and surrendered to Naha, the general of the Yuan Army. However, after the decline of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, several Mongolian separatist regimes appeared in the former Yuan Dynasty, and Nabachu was only one of them. Naha's surrender to the Ming Dynasty can only be said to be the surrender of the Ming Dynasty to one of the most powerful Mongolian separatist regimes, which relieved the threat to the Ming Dynasty, but it does not mean that all Mongolian ministries surrendered to the Ming Dynasty.
In the twenty-first year of Hongwu (1388), in March, an army of150,000 went north and marched from Daning to Gyeongju. Aquamarine heard that Timur of Tuogu Temple in Yuan Di was fishing in the sea (now Lake Baikal), so she cut corners and traveled long distances. Go to Baiyan [1][2][3][4][5][6] Well, there are still forty miles from Yuhai, and there is still no sign of the Yuan army. Aquamarine will lead the troops back. Wang Bi, the Ministry, disagreed and said, "We led the troops into Mobei. We went back to our division and didn't see the enemy. How do we explain to our superiors? " Aquamarine agreed with Wang Bi, ordered the armies to move on, and used Wang Bi's strategy to cook in the cave, so that the enemy could not see the fireworks, and the army could advance secretly without being discovered. After investigation, it was known that the Yuan Di camp was 80 miles northeast of the fishing sea. Aquamarine ordered Wang Bi, as a striker, to attack quickly and go straight to Yuan Di Camp.
And Yuan Di Guti Moore thought that the Ming army and Naha would soon go out to fight, and there was a lack of food and grass, so he turned a blind eye to the enemy and didn't make any preparations to meet them. Coincidentally, when the Ming army striker attacked the Khan tent camp in the North Yuan Dynasty, it happened that the wind and sand covered the sky and no one was seen dozens of steps away. It was not until the military forces of the Ming Dynasty appeared outside the Khan tent that they were shocked by the North Yuan Army. At this point, Tagus Timur could not resist effectively at all. Man Zi, the commander of Beiyuan, rushed into the battle and was quickly defeated and killed. Timur of Tuogu Temple was able to escape, and dozens of people, including Prince Tianbao Nu, Zhiyuan Kneeling and Prime Minister Liemen, fled to the direction of Hala and Lin. Aquamarine led Jingqi to catch up, but failed to catch up.
In this battle, the Ming army captured 123 slaves, princesses and concubines, more than 3,000 officials, more than 77,000 people,150,000 horses, camels, cattle and sheep, and a large number of seals, books, weapons and vehicles.
On the way to escape, Timur and his party from Tuogu Temple of Mongolian Empire met Beiyuan. Su Dieer is also a descendant of Ali Bouguer, the youngest son of Tuo Lei, the fourth son of Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan's younger brother. When Mongolian Khan was in power, he was stationed in Hara and Lin. After Mongo's death, Mongolian nobles were prepared to recommend Ali Bugo as Khan. Kublai Khan was at the front line and heard that he was enthroned in Kaiping. The two brothers fought for four years and ended in the failure of Ali Bugo. Kublai Khan finally seized Khan's position from Ali Bugo. Also quickly die son has been dissatisfied with Kublai Khan's mercy, see Yuan Di to take off the ancient Timur defeat, seize the opportunity to attack, take off the ancient Timur and prince Tianbao slave were killed. Knowing that the Academy did not dare to come, the Prime Minister lost his door and fled. In desperation, he had to go south again and surrender to the Ming Dynasty. After that, the infighting in the Northern Yuan Dynasty continued and began to fall apart. "The Ministry is in charge of the division, and it was transmitted to Kuntimur five times. The name of the emperor is unknown."
The battle of sea fishing was the biggest setback of the Northern Yuan regime. Although the Yuan Dynasty, the central khanate of the Mongolian Empire, left the Central Plains, it maintained a complete bureaucratic system in Mobei. After this battle, the official system of the Northern Yuan Dynasty was basically destroyed. If before this, Mongolian aristocrats may still have hope of regrouping and re-entering the Central Plains, then after the sea fishing war, this hope was completely shattered. From then on, competing in the Central Plains can only become their dream that is difficult to realize.
There is also a more fatal blow to the Northern Yuan regime. After the war of fishing in Erhai Lake, the gold family lost its supreme position among Mongolian tribes, and most Mongolian tribes no longer recognized the suzerainty of the gold family and declared independence. In order to compete for the new suzerainty, Mongolian tribes fell into continuous infighting and could no longer fight back against the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, although Mongolia was unified several times, it never constituted a victory to overthrow the Ming Dynasty.
Who would have thought that 60 years after Yuan Shundi fled from the Central Plains, it was not the leader of the Mongolian Walla Department who was born in the golden family, but the first emperor Ming Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty was captured alive in the Central Plains. Even if the Ming Dynasty won a great victory, no Khan of the Mongolian empire, the Emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty or the Khan of the Mongolian tribe was captured alive. This is a great irony of history.
1449 zhongxing: in February of the 14th year of Ming dynasty (1449), Mongolian wala tribe leaders also sent more than 2,000 people to pay tribute to horses and asked the Ming government. Because eunuch Wang Zhen refused to give more rewards and reduced the price of horses by four fifths, they couldn't meet their demands, so they created trouble. In July this year, he commanded various ministries and harassed the mainland in four ways. On the east road, Liaodong was attacked by Tuoba Buhua and Wuliangha; West Road, sent to attack Ganzhou (Zhangye, Gansu); The middle road is the focus of the attack, which is divided into two ways. One is under the command of Allah, the other is under the direct attack of Chicheng outside Fu Xuan, and the other is under the direct attack of Datong. First attack Datong all the way, "the soldiers are extremely sharp, Datong is defeated, and the fortress beyond the Great Wall is trapped" ("Ming History" Volume 32 "Civil Change"). Wu Hao, the general of Datong, died in Maoerzhuang. The defeat of Datong's front line spread to Beijing constantly, and Ming Yingzong and Zhu Qizhen, instigated and held hostage by Wang Zhen, prepared to make a personal expedition. Kuang Ye, the minister of the Ministry of War, and Yu Qian, the assistant minister, "argue according to reason, and the Sixth Division should not take it lightly." Wang Zhi, the official minister, gave advice to ministers, but Yingzong was partial to Wang Zhen and insisted on personal expedition. 16 In July, Yingzong and Wang Zhen [1][2] led more than 500,000 troops out of Beijing. Due to improper organization, all military and political affairs were arbitrary by Wang Zhen, but the accompanying minister of civil and military affairs did not let them participate in military and political affairs, and the army was in a state of panic. 19 sunrise Juyongguan, Huailai, to Fu Xuan. /kloc-in August, the Ming army entered Datong. First, in order to induce the Ming army to go deep and take the initiative to withdraw from the north. When Wang Zhen saw the Walla army retreating to the north, he still insisted on advancing to the north. When he heard of the fiasco ahead, he panicked and chickened out. I wanted Yingzong to pass through his hometown of Yuzhou when he withdrew, showing his prestige; I was afraid that the army would destroy his garden crops, so the marching route changed repeatedly. To Fu Xuan, vara brigade pursuer, Ming army thirty thousand cavalry "killed and looted". 13, fled to the civil fort in a mess, and the Walla army has crushed the Ming army. The civil fort is high and there is no water, and the soldiers are hungry, tired and worried. The Walla army was besieged on all sides, and the cavalry rushed in and killed the Ming army with long knives. "Don't kill those who throw knives." So the soldiers of the Ming army "danced naked and died, covering the wild and blocking Sichuan." Zhu Qizhen and Qin Bing broke through by bus, but they were not allowed to leave and were captured. Almost all the troops accompanying the expedition died in the battle and were killed by the guard general Fan. The battle of "more than half of the casualties" of the 500 thousand army in the Ming Dynasty was called "the defeat of civil engineering" in the history of the Ming Dynasty. This defeat had a far-reaching impact and became a turning point from the early stage to the middle stage of the Ming Dynasty.
1635 National subjugation: The central khanate of the Mongolian Empire, Li Dan Khan, was so weak that it was only in Monan Mongolia and was defeated by the joint efforts of the late Jin, Qing and Huang Taiji.
1635, Dourgen and Yue Tuo led ten thousand people to cross the river and surrendered to Ye Zhe the army of Li Dan Khan. Li Dan Khan's wife and son defected and handed over the seal of Khan. The whole desert south Mongolia was completely incorporated into the territory of the late Jin Empire, so the Khan position of the Mongolian Empire was cut off and the Mongolian Empire disappeared forever.