(A) the problems existing in the bidding process
1. If the bidding time is unreasonable, the bidding shall be organized at a reasonable time. Premature bidding to determine the contractor may lead to a long time difference between the issuance time of the bid-winning notice and the actual start-up time, which may easily lead to conflicts between the contractor and the employer, especially for projects with contracts and materials. For example, the fire protection project of a comprehensive building in Chongqing is an open tender project, and the fire protection construction was invited during the civil construction. Due to the great changes in the later decoration design, the decoration construction drawings have not yet been determined, and the final bid-winning date is 65,438+00 months away from the actual construction date. In the end, during the period of 10, there was a conflict between the two parties due to the rising cost of materials and labor, so the employer had to adjust the labor price of materials and increase the total contract price. In fact, the contractor did not increase the cost of materials and labor. It is precisely because of the inaccurate bidding time that the contractor is provided with the reasons for claiming compensation, which leads to the increase of the employer's cost. 2. The price limit compilers lack professional quality and practical experience. At present, most tenders in the market are priced by list. Practical experience shows that the list given by some bidders is not detailed and comprehensive enough, and some items are missing. In particular, it is not enough to refine and deepen the bidding construction drawings. If the construction contents and practices cannot be accurately described, it will put forward higher requirements for the practical experience and professionalism of the price limit list compilers. In practice, some price limit compilers of the tenderee do not have relevant professional skills and experience, and the compiled bidding list cannot effectively control the cost, resulting in loopholes. In view of this, the tenderee should carefully inspect the units and personnel who prepare the price limit and make clear their rights and responsibilities. We can adopt the method of hiring one unit separately and auditing another unit at the same time to effectively control the cost in advance.
(b) Omissions in material procurement
1. The cost of decoration materials caused by the current market situation occupies an important position in the cost of decoration engineering. At present, there are many kinds of decorative materials in the construction market, and the quality and price of products are uneven. Even products of the same model, specification and quality will have different prices because of different manufacturers. Because of the ever-changing price of decoration materials, it has a great influence on the cost of decoration engineering. For example, when bidding for a decoration project, Party A tentatively set the main material of 800mm×800mm floor tiles with lower unit price. However, during the construction process, in order to check the price of materials, Party A inquired from the market and found that the unit price of 800mm×800mm brand floor tiles ranged from 180 yuan/㎡ to 400 yuan/㎡. Considering the requirements of decoration quality, the final approved floor tile unit price is much higher than the original tentative floor tile unit price, and there is only one floor tile. 2. Purchasing method. At present, the vast majority of materials for decoration projects are purchased by Lei Xiujun with a construction order: Decoration Project Cost Management Institute (usually providing a number of products and suppliers that meet the technical requirements at the same time), and then reported to the supervisor and the owner. After the quality or price is confirmed by the supervisor and the owner, the construction unit will complete it alone; There will also be the phenomenon that the contractor and the owner purchase together. But no matter which way is adopted, the suppliers are generally provided by the construction unit, which will have a great negative impact on the project cost. 3. Some materials in the market caused by material loss are contracted materials, which are settled according to the actual construction area, and there is no loss. In practice, some professional price appraisers in the employer do not understand the market and have no professional knowledge. When checking the price, they only check a unit price and sign the price verification form, without explaining the settlement method. However, in the actual settlement, the contractor often applies the quota without deducting the loss rate, especially the materials with higher unit price, which will have a certain impact on the cost. If this part of the material belongs to the material with physical quality and price recognition, the professional price verification personnel of the employer should fully understand the market before the quality and price recognition, and specify the expenses and settlement methods included in the approved unit price in the price verification list.
(C) the disadvantages of the construction link
1. There are many engineering changes, and there is a lack of change procedures. The characteristics of decoration engineering, such as complex technology, numerous sub-projects and immature market development, determine that there are many design changes and engineering visas for decoration engineering, and engineering change management has become an important work in the construction stage of decoration engineering. Before the change, it is necessary to clarify why the change is made, who is responsible for the change, and how to deal with the change, which can not only meet the decorative effect and technical requirements, but also save the construction cost. The principle of change is settlement before implementation, notice before change, and the impact of major changes on the cost should be estimated in advance to avoid losing control of the cost. 2. The materials used are inconsistent with those determined in the design and bidding stage. In order to increase their own interests, some decoration units did not use certain materials as promised in the construction stage according to the contract or design scheme. Although some companies use materials of the same brand and specification, the actual material quality is far from the material quality agreed in the contract or design scheme. 3. Because the owner and supervision department can't report relevant problems to the relevant departments in time, the claim information of the project construction changes, and the construction scheme changes, thus delaying the project completion time and delaying the project completion time. 4. The project management is not detailed enough. Because the internal engineering data of the construction unit is not concentrated enough, the change, visa and nuclear price are not handled in time, and there are defects in management, which leads to many problems and affects the progress of project settlement. The construction unit should be people-oriented and strive to improve the quality of management personnel. In the process of construction, the contractor shall timely handle the concealed engineering acceptance records, inquiry records, relevant design changes, engineering visas and other materials, and the project manager shall regularly check these materials to avoid that the materials cannot truly reflect the progress of the project due to long construction period and personnel changes, which will affect the final approval of the project cost. The specific reasons leading to careless project management are: during the construction process, the owner lacks cost trackers, or the cost trackers are unfamiliar with the specialty, and the video materials, especially the hidden parts, are missing; The supervisor is not familiar with the specialty he manages, is not interested in cutting corners, does not follow the drawings, especially the acceptance of hidden parts, and the supervision of materials is not in place. All these will affect the quality and cost of the decoration project and damage the interests of the owners.
(D) the drawbacks of the settlement link
1. Poor management of completion data, irresponsible for the employer to handle the completion data, signing at will, and not checking the completion data with actual consumables, causing economic losses to the employer. For example, in a hotel decoration project, the stone design is: hanging stone on steel keel, steel keel column 120mm×60mm×6mm, cross arm 50mm×50mm×5mm, embedded iron pieces are hot-dip galvanized steel, and pendants are stainless steel pendants. The comprehensive unit price of this tender list is, the quotation is also based on the unit price of hot zinc and stainless steel pendants, and the settlement is only to confirm the engineering quantity. In actual construction, the contractor will make the steel keel column 80mm×40mm×5mm, the cross arm 50mm×50mm×4mm, and the embedded iron pieces will be steel-based keels made of cold galvanized steel. The on-site supervisor did not raise any objection, and the employer's process tracker did not find it in time. The as-built drawing signed at the time of settlement is still steel keel column 120mm×60mm×6mm, and the cross arm is 50mm. The professional quality and practical experience of settlement auditors are uneven. The settlement auditor did not correctly understand the unit price of the contract and the existing bid. Some settlement auditors don't go to the construction site, only use the completion data to handle the settlement, and can't find the drawing problems. We don't compare the bid drawings with the as-built drawings, we don't know the changes between the as-built drawings and the bid drawings, and we don't know much about whether the changed parts of the as-built drawings are effective (based on changes and visas). We only calculate the number of completed calculations.
Second, the management and control of building decoration engineering cost
(A) reasonably determine the project cost
1. Market-centered dynamic cost control and management. The complexity of architectural decoration engineering is an important determinant of evaluation repeatability, which reflects the total cost of the project together with the cost changes in each stage of the construction process. Especially in the project stage, due to the variety of external conditions, problems not considered in the project design stage may be exposed, so it is necessary to update and change the design and cost. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish market-centered dynamic cost control and management. 2. Reasonably determine the cost accuracy of different stages according to the construction procedure. Construction projects are often large in scale, long in construction time, complex in technology and huge in human and financial resources consumption. If the decision is wrong, the economic loss will be unprecedented. It is necessary to grasp the whole process of engineering construction, understand the characteristics of each stage of engineering construction, strictly follow the construction procedures, and ensure the accuracy of the cost at different stages. 3. Establish and improve the whole process supervision and cost control system of construction projects. From the experience of foreign countries, as long as the project of supervision and cost control system is seriously implemented in the development stage of construction projects, satisfactory economic and social benefits will be achieved. Because our country's engineering construction is difficult to connect with developed countries in technology and concept, and the design concept is too traditional and conservative, which leads to the rising construction cost. It is urgent to implement the whole process supervision and cost control system of construction projects.
(B) effective control of the project cost
1. Effective control in the design stage should ensure the high accuracy and timeliness of the construction project. Engineering design has a far-reaching impact on the construction project cost, and controlling the project cost is the purpose of engineering design. Engineering design must have a certain breadth and depth, and must be consistent with the building materials and construction methods in the construction process. In strict accordance with the construction process, coordinate the construction methods and steps, so that every link of the project construction meets the specification requirements. Reasonable selection of decorative materials plays an obvious role in engineering construction. In order to make the quality of decorative materials reach the standard, those high-quality, high-performance and low-cost building materials must be used to ensure the effectiveness of building materials in building construction. New materials and new processes should be strictly examined. Good technology and high-quality materials can make the decoration industry develop and contribute to project cost management; Inferior technology and inferior materials will not only seriously affect the construction cost of decoration projects, but also damage the physical and mental health of owners. 2. Effective control of the construction stage Hire a supervision company to supervise the whole process in the project implementation stage, and clarify its rights and responsibilities. There are many kinds of decorative engineering materials, and the hidden engineering quantity is huge. Many buildings belong to secondary decoration, and problems are easy to occur during construction. With the help of the rich management experience of project supervision, the probability of problems in the construction process is reduced as much as possible, the project disputes are reduced, and the project cost is effectively controlled in the construction stage. Formulate strict visa procedures for engineering changes, no matter which party proposes engineering changes, it must go through demonstration and economic evaluation; Actively strengthen the management of concealed works to ensure the integrity of engineering data and the healthy development of construction projects; It is necessary to strengthen the overall construction capacity of concealed works, operate in strict accordance with standard procedures, and report problems to the construction unit in time. Every working procedure must be carefully checked and accepted according to the requirements of drawing specifications. For high-rise construction, it is necessary to strengthen the on-site inspection, so as to find problems early and deal with them early. 3. In the settlement stage, the effective control of important hidden parts such as grass-roots and surface materials should be based on the quantities signed by the supervisor, contractor, owner, process tracking auditor or settlement auditor. When signing the completion data, we should be serious and responsible, and each item should be verified; What should be confirmed in the construction process cannot be confirmed at the time of settlement, otherwise it will be deemed that the contractor voluntarily waives the claim or increases the cost. The settlement personnel must have rich settlement experience and go to the site for settlement; Controversial issues should be put forward to the owner in written form and discussed and confirmed at the meeting.
Three. Concluding remarks
The cost management of modern decoration engineering is a complicated and arduous task. Putting forward the solution to the problem of decoration engineering cost is helpful to effectively control the engineering cost and improve the modern construction engineering cost management mechanism.
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