There are two kinds of buffaloes: river buffaloes and swamp buffaloes. Buffalo are mainly distributed in India, Pakistan and Mediterranean countries and regions. Swamp buffaloes are mainly distributed in China and Southeast Asian countries.
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China Buffalo belongs to swamp buffalo, and there are 24 local species, namely: Shanghai Buffalo, Haizi Buffalo, Mountain Buffalo, Wenzhou Buffalo, Dongliu Buffalo, Fuan Buffalo, Xinfeng Mountain Buffalo, Xiajiang Buffalo, Xinyang Buffalo, Enshi Mountain Buffalo, Jianghan Buffalo, Binhu Buffalo, Xinglong Buffalo, Fuzhong Buffalo, Xilin Buffalo, Fuling Buffalo, Yibin Buffalo, Dechang Buffalo and Guizhou Buffalo.
Characteristics of Buffalo Buffalo is a large economic animal in tropical and subtropical areas, which has the advantages of strong physique, docile temperament, high temperature and humidity resistance, rough feeding resistance, strong disease resistance and long life.
Buffalo has high conversion rate of roughage energy and crude protein, and strong digestion ability of crude fiber. It can make full use of a large number of green roughage that humans and other livestock and poultry can't directly use, and transform agricultural and sideline products into nutritious food necessary for human beings without competing with humans and livestock for food.
Common buffalo feeds are as follows:
Generally, female buffaloes can start producing milk when they are about 3 years old. A milk production cycle is about 300 days, and the golden period of milk production generally appears in the second to fourth calving. If properly managed, female buffaloes can produce milk to 15 to 20 years old.
The nutritional value of buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo milk has higher fat content than milk, so it is easier to preserve. Italy's famous mozzarella cheese and double skin milk popular in the Pearl River Delta are both made of water emulsion.
Although the yield of buffalo milk is low, the contents of protein, amino acids, milk fat, vitamins and trace elements in buffalo milk are higher than those in black-and-white cow milk. According to the determination of relevant national scientific research departments, buffalo milk is of excellent quality, which is the best in milk, and its value is twice that of black-and-white cow milk. It is a nutritious food suitable for children's growth and development and anti-aging, especially rich in zinc, iron, calcium, amino acids and vitamins.
Buffalo milk is a local specialty. Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Zhejiang and other provinces 14. Guangdong people are familiar with ginger milk and double skin milk. , must be made of water and milk. Buffalo milk has high nutritional value, and the dry matter content is as high as 18.4%, which is nearly 50% higher than that of ordinary black and white cattle. The fat content of milk is 7.9%, while that of ordinary milk is generally 3%~3.5%. It is rich in flavor, low in cholesterol, rich in vitamins and trace elements, especially high in casein, and can be used for deep processing of high-quality dairy products. As a component with commercial value, buffalo milk contains several times as much fat, protein and lactose as buffalo milk, and dozens of times as many minerals and vitamins as buffalo milk and human milk. As an advanced nutritious food, buffalo milk products are increasingly consumed by adults? New favorite? .
Total solids is an important index of dairy products, representing the total nutritional content. According to experts' research, the dry matter content of buffalo milk is 18.9%, which is higher than that of black-and-white cow milk and human milk by 19% and 27% respectively. The content of protein and fat is 1.5 to 3 times that of black and white milk and human milk, respectively. Buffalo milk has good emulsifying properties. 100 kg buffalo milk can produce 25 kg cheese, while the same amount of black and white milk can only produce 12.5 kg cheese.
In addition, the mineral content and vitamin content of buffalo milk are also better than those of black-and-white cow milk and human milk, and the contents of iron and vitamin A are about 80 times and 40 times higher than those of black-and-white cow milk respectively, so buffalo milk is considered as one of the best calcium and phosphorus supplements.
Buffalo milk is thick, fragrant and delicious when drunk directly. Because of the good quality, the prices of buffalo milk and dairy products are also higher than milk. In Guangxi, the main producing area of buffalo in China, the purchase price of fresh buffalo milk per kilogram is 4 yuan, while the black-and-white cow milk is only 1.5 yuan -2 yuan; In Italy, the price of buffalo milk is three times that of black and white milk, the former is per kilogram 1 USD, the latter is 0.3 USD, and buffalo cheese is 25 USD per kilogram, which is nearly four times that of black and white milk cheese.
The development of buffalo products in the world is mainly located in high value-added dairy products, such as cheese. It has also developed into pure dairy products with large market capacity and high quality or milk-containing beverages such as sterilized milk and yogurt. Yang Bingzhuang, director of the Buffalo Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that there are more than 22 million buffaloes in China. In Guangdong and Fujian, commercial buffalo processing has a history of 400 years, and the main products are traditional yogurt and other products in China. As early as the end of 19, farmers in southern China took local buffalo milking as a sideline. Milk cake? 、? Milk tofu? 、? Milk skin? 、? Ginger milk? And form traditional snacks which have been passed down to this day. There are 18 enterprises involved in buffalo milk processing in China, accounting for about 20% of the national buffalo milk production, and buffalo milk products are exported to Southeast Asian countries.
The number of Asian buffaloes is about 65.438+0.68 billion, accounting for 97% of the total number of buffaloes in the world. The buffalo industry in India, Pakistan and other countries is in the forefront of the world. Many countries, such as China, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand and so on. Trying to turn buffalo into milk or meat. Some countries in the world that didn't have buffaloes before, such as the United States and Britain, also began to introduce buffaloes for milk production.
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