The word "statistics" originated from the investigation of national conditions, and originally meant the study of national conditions. Generally speaking, statistics includes three meanings: statistical work, statistical data and statistical science. The relationship between statistical work, statistical data and statistical science is:
The result of statistical work is statistical data, and the basis of statistical data and statistical science is statistical work. Statistical science is not only a theoretical summary of statistical work experience, but also a principle, principle and method to guide statistical work.
The original statistical work, that is, the original form of data collected by people, has a history of thousands of years, and as a science, it began in the17th century. Statistician and statistician are the same word in English, but statistics is not directly produced from the experience summary of statistical work.
Every science has its establishment, development and objective conditions, and statistical science is a marginal subject which is synthesized, refined and developed by statistical work experience, socio-economic theory and econometric methods.
basic concept
Statistical etymology first appeared in the Latin Status in the Middle Ages, meaning the state and condition of various phenomena. The Italian Stato, which is composed of this root, represents the concept of "country" and also contains the meaning of national structure and knowledge of national conditions.
According to this source, the earliest use of "statistics" as the scientific name was in the18th century, when G.Achenwall, a German political science professor, named the national scientific name "Statistika" in the introduction to the book "Outline of Ethnic Studies in Modern European Countries" written by 1749.
The original meaning refers to "comparison and description of major ethnic issues" or "study of national conditions".
People think that statistics is a knowledge about what the country should pay attention to. Since then, countries have adopted the word "statistics" and translated it into their own languages, such as French statistics, Italian statistics, British statistics, political tables, political calculations, national conditions and Japanese situations.
It was not until 1880 that the Institute of Statistics was established among government officials.
Only then did we decide to use the word "statistics" to correct the name. 1903 (the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty), Niu Yongjian and Lin Zhuonan translated four Statistical Lectures written by Yan 'an Hengshan, and introduced the word "statistics" from Japan to China. Statistics, written by Peng Zu from 65438 to 0907 (thirty-three years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty), was published in Japan and China at the same time, which was the earliest "statistics" work in China.
The word statistics has become a general term to describe the quantitative relationship between the state and social conditions.
Human understanding and definition of the quantity of things. In Chinese, "statistics" means total number and summation. Refers to the activities of collecting, sorting, calculating, analyzing, explaining and expressing data related to a phenomenon. Refers to the collection, collation, calculation and analysis of data related to a phenomenon.
For example, demography refers to overall calculation. For example, count the data of allusions reported by the whole country: Ming Hu Yinglin's "A Collection of Books in Shaoshi Mountain and a Book of Classics": "Ancient and modern books are counted as a generation, and there are often hundreds of thousands before and after they are often hidden;
According to statistics once, public storage and private storage are often not 100,000. "Qing Xuanding's" Silver Goose Recorded in Qiu Guang in Night Rain ":"The Buddha slaves dug deep pits, and the statistics were about 200,000.