Flexible retirement can reach 68 at the latest. At the second session of the 11th National People's Congress, Chen Zhenlou, vice president of the School of Resources and Environment of East China Normal University, put forward the idea of "proposing a flexible retirement system". Representative Chen Zhenlou suggested reforming China's retirement system, implementing a flexible retirement system, stipulating that the statutory retirement age should not exceed 65, and those who meet the requirements can be postponed to 68.
"With the severe employment situation in China and the sharp increase of the elderly population, the reform of the statutory retirement age is imperative." Chen Zhenlou said that, in fact, the country's pension payment ability is not the only selective determinant of the main motivation and basis for the reform of the legal retirement age.
Chen Zhenlou believes that the following parameters can be comprehensively considered: First, the national social security system and the national economic strength behind it; Second, the actual changes in workers' lives; Third, changes in workers' working environment and quality of life. Labor is a necessary way for human survival, but the continuous improvement of the quality of life is the measure of happiness in human life. Judging whether the legal retirement age of a society is reasonable mainly depends on whether the overall quality of life of workers after retirement can be improved, whether full leisure enjoyment can be supported by certain economic conditions, whether social productivity can be improved, and whether social costs can be reduced accordingly. Therefore, Chen Zhenlou suggested that China's retirement system should be reformed and flexible: the legal retirement age should not exceed 65 at the latest, and employees over 55 should be allowed to retire at 60. The retirement age of men and women is gradually unified, and if there are differences, it can be shortened to 2-3 years.
Chen Zhenlou also suggested that senior professionals working in consulting, research, design, education, editing, creativity and other fields. As long as you are healthy, you can postpone your retirement until you are 68. People working in some industries with high labor intensity and high safety risks, as well as other special industries, should adopt a rigid legal age retirement system. The age of receiving pension can be separated from the actual retirement age, and the government implements incentive policies for delaying receiving pension.
At the same time, actively implement relevant comprehensive reforms, such as: vigorously adjust the different pension insurance benefits of enterprises, institutions and government departments to reduce the unreasonable gap; Adjust the base of endowment insurance according to the annual price index; Improve the level of public welfare protection such as housing, medical care and education; Effectively change the unreasonable phenomenon that the average income gap between monopoly industries and government agencies is too large, so that social justice, fairness and openness can be effectively reflected, social centripetal force can be condensed, and workers can work with peace of mind and enjoy their old age happily. Xinhuanet Beijing, March 6 (Reporter Yang,) Cyanobacteria broke out, black water was flowing, and the smell was pungent ... In many people's minds, this is the scene of water pollution. Professor Chen Zhenlou, deputy dean of the School of Resources and Environmental Sciences of East China Normal University, said that people should pay more attention to "invisible pollution" without color and smell.
Chen Zhenlou said that chemical wastewater contains a lot of toxic and harmful substances. Although it may not cause the water body to be black, smelly and eutrophic, many colorless and odorless substances are more harmful. "For example, heavy metal elements such as mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and chromium all have persistent toxic pollution, and we environmentalists collectively refer to them as' five poisons'."
In addition, organic pollutants are also threatening water quality, such as dichlorvos contained in commonly used pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and aromatic hydrocarbons emitted by coking industry. "After these chemical products and by-products enter the water body, the harm caused is much more serious than eutrophication. They are all macromolecular substances that are difficult to degrade, and the harm is more lasting. " Chen Zhenlou said.
Chen Zhenlou said that the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) stipulated that parties should control 12 kinds of organic pollutants, collectively referred to as "a dozen dirty". China is a party to this international convention, which has been implemented since 200 1. The newly promulgated Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water in 2007 added the content of organic pollutants.
In recent years, the investigation along the Yangtze River in Chen Zhenlou was taken aback by the attitude of heavy chemical industry. "Coastal provinces and cities have arranged heavy chemical industries such as steel, chemicals and automobiles on the edge of the Yangtze River, because there is sufficient water, convenient sewage discharge and convenient transportation. This is the case in northern Jiangsu, along the Yangtze River in Anhui, and in Jiujiang, Wuhan, Hubei and Chongqing in Jiangxi. I am really afraid of ruining the Yangtze River. "
He told reporters that the development of heavy chemical industry along the Yellow River is also "extremely fast".
In terms of air pollution, Chen Zhenlou said that people should not only pay attention to the indicators of atmospheric sulfur dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions, but also pay attention to the pollution of nitrogen oxides. "Nitrogen oxides can be converted into nitrate and ammonia nitrogen, which can cause acid rain like sulfur dioxide and is a very important pollution source."
Chen Zhenlou introduced that China has started to control the emission of nitrogen oxides from automobile exhaust, but more nitrogen oxides come from industrial coal burning, so it is necessary to carry out denitrification on the basis of desulfurization. Xinhuanet Beijing, March 5 (Reporter Yang, Sun Bin) Chen Zhenlou, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a professor at East China Normal University, said that China can learn from the foreign "food detective" system and set up the State Food Supervision Bureau in the quality supervision department. The inspectors in this department are not on duty, and their main job is to randomly check food on the street and conduct laboratory tests in order to find food safety problems in time.
Chen Zhenlou said that it was only four years since the "Fuyang Fake Milk Powder" incident in Anhui in 2004, and the more serious "Sanlu Milk Powder" incident occurred in 2008, which once again sounded the alarm for food safety in China. "We already have many institutions and systems. Why do we still often have food safety problems? An important reason is that the state has not established a food sampling agency. " He said that although China has established a food supervision system composed of quality supervision, industry and commerce, food and drug supervision, medical and health departments, the working systems of the above departments have been stylized to a certain extent, and it is difficult to find problems, whether it is regular inspection, prior notice before inspection, or letting merchants take the initiative to send for inspection. Chen Zhenlou said that many developed countries have random food inspection institutions and working mechanisms. For example, France has set up a "food detective" position, which is responsible for the inspection of food hygiene. The "food detective" walks around every day, visiting any food-related place anonymously. They not only eat and drink in person, but also take the samples back for inspection. Once a problem is found, it must be punished in strict accordance with the law and the business will be blacklisted. Chen Zhenlou said that it is necessary to establish such a team, but it is also important to avoid its abuse of power, and it is necessary to formulate a set of effective management and operation methods. In addition, "the state should also actively support consumers in counterfeiting. Consumers are ubiquitous eyes, monitoring the market. Protecting and promoting consumers' anti-counterfeiting supervision is not only low-cost but also effective. " Chen Zhenlou said, "After the promulgation of the Consumer Protection Law in the 1990s, it also triggered a wide range of civil counterfeiting in China. However, due to the lack of support from individual departments, consumer counterfeiting has gradually faded out of society. For counterfeiting, the state should support consumers. "Professor Chen Zhenlou of East China Normal University.
"When it comes to 5,000 yuan, it is not high at all." Chen Zhenlou, a professor at East China Normal University, said in an exclusive interview with this reporter this afternoon that he would put forward the "Proposal on Further Strengthening Tax Reduction and Effectively Reducing the Tax Burden of Individuals and Enterprises", suggesting raising the tax threshold, lowering the tax rate and raising the tax rate.
"In recent years, excessive tax burden is a hot topic in society, which has been widely criticized." Chen Zhenlou analyzed that in recent ten years, China's fiscal revenue mainly based on tax has increased sixfold, from 1.3 trillion yuan in 2000 to 8.5 trillion yuan in 20 10, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%. However, the per capita income of residents only increased from 5,800 yuan in 2000 to about10.8 million yuan in 20 10, which only tripled, and the average annual growth rate was much lower than the tax revenue.
Chen Zhenlou said that since the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, the central government has taken a series of structural tax reduction measures. However, with the rise in prices in the second half of last year, it is difficult for ordinary people to feel the benefits of structural tax cuts, which has also dampened their desire and ability to consume. At the same time, the recent intensive introduction of a series of new taxes such as tobacco tax, vehicle and vessel tax and property tax and the proposed tax policies have made ordinary people and enterprises more worried.
"And raising the tax threshold means reducing the tax burden and increasing people's income." Chen Zhenlou told reporters that this tax cut is "inclusive", which is more favorable than wage increase, because it is difficult to raise wages. There is a general increase in the whole country, and general state organs, state-owned enterprises and institutions will increase, but private enterprises and foreign enterprises may not necessarily raise wages at the same time. "If we only increase wages and the tax rate remains unchanged, the' disposable' income of citizens will not increase too much. It is better to reduce taxes and make profits."
Chen Zhenlou, who often communicates with netizens on Weibo, also noticed the news that "the tax threshold is expected to increase from 2,000 yuan to 3,000 yuan" after the the State Council executive meeting passed the amendment (draft) of the individual income tax law in principle on March/KLOC-0. He said, "3,000 yuan is too low. It is better to leave a mouth and turn it into 3000 -5000 yuan. "
At the same time, he suggested lowering the tax rate and raising the tax rate (referring to the interval between the starting point and the end point of progressive tax rate according to the number of tax objects). For example, at present, the personal income tax rate applicable to wages is the second level, that is, the monthly taxable income exceeds 500 yuan to 2,000 yuan, which starts in 500 yuan and ends at 2,000 yuan, with the range of 1500 yuan). "Reduce the current 9-level progressive tax rate (the current progressive tax rate for individual tax is 5%-45%) to the internationally accepted 4-5 tax rate, and appropriately expand the tax rate range. Evening News During the two sessions, Chen Zhenlou, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a professor at the School of Resources and Environment of East China Normal University, called for giving retired teachers from state-owned enterprises the normal treatment of retired teachers.
"At present, there are thousands of retired teachers from state-owned enterprises in Shanghai, many of whom have senior teacher titles, but they can only get the treatment of ordinary retired workers after retirement, which is twice as different!" Chen Zhenlou said.
In 2004, the State Council issued the "Notice on Properly Solving the Treatment of Retired Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools Organized by State-owned Enterprises", and formulated corresponding implementation rules according to the actual conditions of various departments and localities. However, in the specific operation process, most provinces and cities basically exclude "retired teachers from state-owned enterprises who have completed their posts and pre-school education" from the scope of implementation of the spirit of the document.
In this regard, Chen Zhenlou said that it is difficult to identify, because Article 40 of the Teacher Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that "primary and secondary school teachers refer to teachers in kindergartens, special education institutions, ordinary primary and secondary schools, adult primary and secondary education institutions, vocational secondary schools and other educational institutions" and "retired teachers in state-owned enterprises, adult education and preschool education" are also important components of the teaching staff and should enjoy the same retirement benefits.
He suggested that the General Office of the State Council clearly define and supplement the "retired teachers in primary and secondary schools run by state-owned enterprises" in the 2004 document, and suggested that when the Internet gradually became a way of life, work and even survival, people found that many major events and problems were revealed through the Internet, so the power of network supervision was paid more and more attention by netizens, which also posed a new challenge to the government's ruling ability. Chen Zhenlou, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a professor at East China Normal University, said that some government officials are not clear enough about the life of full Internet access, and they are still using old methods to deal with new problems. They are used to one-way preaching, not used to two-way communication, not used to being supervised, and they are unnatural and uncomfortable under the supervision of the Internet. Due to the loss of officials' right to speak and their inadaptability to network information, the government's ruling ability and credibility are questioned.
Of course, the network is a "double-edged sword", and the enjoyment of information is not only the advantage of the network, but also the mixed opinions on the network. Therefore, for the network, openness and supervision must be combined. However, the premise of supervision is to improve our government's ability to cope with the network society, improve the adaptability and ruling ability of government officials in the network society, learn to communicate with the network media in two ways, and get used to putting their work under the supervision of the network. The representative of Chen Zhenlou said. First, correct the attitude of government officials in the face of network supervision and face network supervision with an open mind. Government departments and officials at all levels should adjust their mentality, establish the concept of correct communication with online media, collect public opinions through the network, concentrate their wisdom, find problems and see shortcomings, strive to face new situations and problems, and play a positive and powerful role of the network with an open mind.
The second is to establish an efficient and transparent network information disclosure mechanism. Only timely and accurate information can guide correct supervision. Information transparency has become the trend of social progress. To deal with the transparency of information in the network age, government departments at all levels should first learn to deal with the media and form a system and mechanism for releasing information at the first time, and the sooner this information is made public, the better, especially the preset government information should be made public in time.
The third is to carry out special training to improve the instant intelligent network interactive communication ability of government officials. Only when information is made public, without corresponding coping ability and emergency wisdom, it is difficult to guide correct online public opinion. Therefore, it is urgent to cultivate the ability of government officials to interact and communicate with netizens under the supervision of the network, especially to cultivate the wisdom generated by government officials in real-time communication with netizens when facing major, special and urgent social events.
Fourth, on the basis of all-staff training, establish a special press spokesman system for government departments at all levels. In order to further improve the professional level of government information disclosure and communication with online media, we should gradually select, train and establish a special team of government spokespersons on the basis of all-staff training, so as to make this work develop healthily on the professional road, and also make the information release of government departments more timely and accurate, and the online communication more efficient and smooth.
Fifth, the leaders of government departments take the lead in establishing a long-term mechanism for leaders to communicate with online media and netizens regularly. Leaders of government departments take the lead in real-time, open and regular direct or indirect communication in various media, which can form a long-term mechanism to keep government work under supervision all the time.