At this time, all ethnic groups on the border have also developed. Di people in the north began to go south, which became a serious threat to all countries in the Central Plains. Xirong people also began to move eastward. Rong often invaded Lu and Cao, North Rong invaded Zheng, Shan Rong attacked Yan, and Elon attacked the Zhou royal family. The barbarians in the south are also eager to go north. The invasion of frontier nationalities is inseparable from the weakness of the Zhou royal family. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Wang still had some prestige. Since the Battle of Zhou and Ge in the fifth year (707 BC), Wang was shot in the shoulder by Zheng and was defeated. Since then, the Zhou royal family has been devastated. In the fourth year of Qi Xianggong (694 BC), there was a civil strife in the Zhou royal family, and the King Zhuang killed Duke Zhou Heijian.
In the second year (675 BC), doctors of the Zhou royal family, such as Wu, Bian Bo,, and Zhu Wei, rose up and rebelled, which was only subsided after mediation by Zheng and Guo. In order to repay Zheng He and Guo, King Hui of Zhou gave the Tiger Prison East to Zheng and Jiuquan to Guo. So Ji Wang is getting smaller and smaller, and its prestige is getting lower and lower.
Every friend in Guan Bao protects his master.
Guan Zhong, also known as Yiwu and Zhong Jing, was born in Yingshang (now Yingshang County, Anhui Province). His ancestors are descendants of the surname Ji, and they are of the same clan as the Zhou royal family. My father, Guan Zhuang, was a doctor in the State of Qi. Later, his family came down, and he was already poor when he arrived in Guan Zhong. In order to make a living, Guan Zhong became a humble businessman at that time. He has been to many places, met all kinds of people, seen a lot of the world and accumulated rich social experience. He tried several times to be an official, but failed. Guan Zhong has a good friend named Bao, and their friendship is very deep. They do business together. When Guan Zhong makes money in business, he always gives himself more and less packages. Bao never argued with Guan Zhong about this issue. People talk about Guan Zhong's greed for money behind his back. After Bao knew it, he explained for Guan Zhong that Guan Zhong was not indifferent to friendship, but greedy for money. He did it because his family was poor. I hope to give him more money. Guan Zhong called three times, but he escaped all three times. So people laughed at him and said that Guan Zhong was afraid of death and had no spirit of brave sacrifice. After hearing this sneer, Bao knew that it didn't conform to the actual situation of Guan Zhong, so he explained to people that Guan Zhong was not afraid of death, because his family had an elderly mother and he had to support himself, so he had to do that. The friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao is very sincere. He also tried many times to do something good for Bao, but all failed. It not only failed, but also caused many new difficulties to the package. It is better not to do it well. Therefore, people think that Guan Zhong has no ability to do things, but Bao doesn't think so. He knows in his heart that his friend Guan Zhong is a very capable person. Things didn't work out because the time was not ripe. In the long-term exchanges, the two have forged a profound friendship. Guan Zhong told people many times that my parents gave birth to me and Bao Shu Ya knew me.
In 674 BC, Qi Huangong Xi died, leaving three sons, Prince Pearl, Gongzi Jiu and Xiaobai. After the death of Qi Huangong, Prince Zhu succeeded to the throne. Although the son of the prince is in the throne, his quality is despicable, and the future of Qi makes senior officials in the DPRK deeply worried. At that time, Guan Zhong and Bao respectively assisted Gong Zijiu and. A pair of good friends, teaching two sons, are really beautiful. However, Bao is not satisfied with his alliance with the palace. His assistants often say that he can't get sick, "because he thinks that" knowing a son as a father and a minister as a gentleman ". The monarch knew that Xiao Bai had no hope of inheriting the throne in the future and thought that he had no talent, so he was asked to help Xiao Bai. However, Guan Zhong disagreed. After knowing the inside story, he advised Bao: "China people don't like Gong Zijiu's mother, so they don't like Gong Zijiu himself. On the contrary, they sympathize with Xiaobai because she has no mother. Those who will rule the State of Qi in the future will be either corrected or made white. Although the son Xiao Bai is not as clever and patient as Gong Zijiu, he is far-sighted. Not me, Guan Zhong. No one understands Xiao Bai. Miyako will accomplish nothing even if he abolishes his younger brother and becomes a monarch in the future. If it weren't for you, Bao Shu Ya, who would decide the country? " In this way, Bao listened to Guan Zhong's suggestion, came out to accept the appointment and served wholeheartedly. Soon, Qi Xianggong had an affair with Wen Jiang, the wife of his sister Lu Huangong, and killed Lu Huangong after drinking. In this regard, Guan Zhong and Bao, two people with political foresight, had a premonition that Qi would be in chaos. So they all tried their best to find a way for their master. Gong Zijiu's mother was Lu Jun's daughter, so Guan Zhonghe protected Gong Zijiu and fled to Lu. Childe Xiaobai's mother is Wei Jun's daughter. Weiguo was too far away from Qi, so Bao and Gongzi ran to the south of Qi to escape. Although Gong Zijiu and his son Xiaobai went to the south and the west, they all intend to be the same person. They all held their horses and waited for the right moment. In the 12th year of Qi Xianggong (686 BC), civil strife finally broke out in Qi. His uncle and brother Sun were ignorant and angry at the abolition of his original privileges after he acceded to the throne. They colluded with doctors to break into the palace, killed Qi Xianggong, and established their own monarch status. Sun Ignorant was in office for just over a year, and the nobles of Qi killed Sun Ignorant. At that time, Qi was in chaos and there was no monarch. As soon as the time is ripe, the two sons who fled abroad want to return home quickly in order to seize the throne of the monarch. After the death of Gongsun Yu, Zhengqing Gaoxi was the most powerful faction to discuss the new king. He and his son Xiaobai have been lovers since childhood. Gao Xi colluded with another doctor, Shi Guo, and secretly sent someone to Ju Guo to ask his son Xiaobai to return to China to succeed him. After receiving the letter, Bao and I carefully analyzed the domestic situation, and then borrowed a chariot from Juguo to return home day and night. When Duke Zhuang of Lu learned that Qi had no monarch, he was extremely anxious and immediately sent troops to escort Gong Zijiu back to China. Later, people found that their son Xiaobai had gone home first. Guan Zhong decided to invite himself first, and led 30 personnel carriers to intercept Xiaobai, the son of Ju State, on his way to Qi State. Passing through Jimo for more than 30 miles, I met a group of childe Xiaobai. Guan Zhong is very calm. When Xiao Bai's chariots and horses approached, he picked up an arrow and shot at him. He only heard a whistle, an arrow hit him and Xiao Bai fell down. Guan Zhong saw Xiao Bai, the son, shot and killed. Just bring the troops back. In fact, Xiao Bai is not dead. Guan Zhong hit his bronze belt with an arrow, and Xiao Bai, the son of Guan Zhong, used his quick wits to play dead and fell to the ground. Childe and Bao were frightened, raised their vigilance, and hurried to Qi. When they came to Linzi, Bao advanced to the city to convince them that Qi Zhengqing, Gao and Guo all agreed to protect their son as the monarch, so they entered the city and succeeded in ascending to the throne. This is the famous Qi Huangong in history. After Qi Huangong acceded to the throne, he was in urgent need of talents, so he was ready to be hired as prime minister. Bao sincerely said: I am a mediocre person, and now the monarch has benefited me and let me enjoy such a good education. This is the gift of the monarch. If we make Qi rich and strong, I can't do it, and I have to ask Guan Zhong. Qi Huangong asked in surprise, "Don't you know that he is my enemy? Bao replied: "Objectively speaking, Guan Zhong is a genius in the world. He is very clever and can surpass others. " Ask Bao again: "How is Guan Zhong better than you?" ? Bao calmly pointed out: "Guan Zhong has five advantages over me. Leniency and benefit the people; Governance and political stability; Win the trust of the people and win the hearts of the people; Formulate etiquette and weather the world; Rectify the army and be brave in fighting. Bao also advised to put aside old grievances and turn enemies into friends, saying that Gong Zijiu told him to kill him at that time, so he killed him. Now forgive him his sins and entrust him with a heavy responsibility. He will be as loyal to Qi as he was to Miyako for a long time. Guan Zhong and Gong Zijiu thought that Xiao Bai was dead, and no one was competing with him for the throne, so they were in no hurry. It took six days to get here. When I arrived in Qi, I didn't expect Qi to have a monarch, and the new monarch was his son Xiaobai. When Duke Zhuang of Lu learned that Qi had a new monarch, he was furious and immediately sent troops to attack Qi in an attempt to seize the throne by armed intervention. Qi Huangong did not show weakness, and the two sides fought at work. As a result, the Lu army was defeated, and Gong Zi-jiu and Guan Zhong were defeated by Duke Zhuang of Lu. The Qi army pursued the victory and entered the territory of Lu. In order to avoid future troubles, he wrote a letter to Duke Zhuang of Lu and asked Duke Zhuang of Lu to kill Gong Zijiu. Hand over Guan Zhong and Zhao Hu. Otherwise, the Qi army will attack Lu in an all-round way. When Duke Zhuang of Lu knew it, he consulted with the doctor Shi Bo. He thought that the State of Qi wanted Guan Zhong not for revenge, but to appoint him as a Lord protector. Because Guan Zhong's talent is rare in the world, the country he is in power is bound to be rich and strong. If Guan Zhong is appointed by Qi, it will be a great disaster for Lu. Therefore, Shi Bo advocated killing Guan Zhong and returning the body to Qi. When Duke Zhuang of Lu was just defeated and heard that the soldiers of Qi were besieged, he was very scared and didn't listen to Shi Bo's advice. Under the pressure of Qi, he killed Gong Zijiu, arrested Guan Zhonghe, and prepared to send him back with a view to withdrawing troops. Zhao Hu committed suicide to express his loyalty to Gong Zijiu. Before he died, he said to Guan Zhong, "I am dead, and Miyako can be said to be a loyal minister who is dead; "You have made a great contribution alive, and let Qi dominate the vassals. Miyako is a living minister for a long time. The dead achieve virtue, while the living achieve fame. Life and death are all responsibilities, do it yourself. " Guan Zhong, with the lofty ideal of "ruling the country and calming the monarch", was put on a prison van and returned to China with the envoys. On the way back to Qi, Guan Zhong was afraid that Duke Zhuang of Lu would change his mind. In order to speed up the trip, he made a plan, improvised a melodious and passionate poem by Huang Qi, and taught them to sing in the name of singing to relieve fatigue. They sang as they walked, singing faster and faster. It was supposed to be a two-day trip, but they arrived in a day and a half. Duke Zhuang of Lu really regretted it. Guan Zhong is a genius in the world. If it is used in Qi State, it will undoubtedly be even more powerful. It's best to solve this problem first. By the time he woke up and sent troops after him, it was too late. Guan Zhong panicked all the way and finally arrived in Qi safely. Bao greeted him at the border of Qi. It's very kind to meet old friends. Bao immediately ordered to open the prison car, take out the instruments of torture, and let Guan Zhong take a bath and change clothes, expressing the hope that he could help govern the country. After a short rest, Guan Zhong said to Bao, "Me and * * served Gong Zijiu, neither helping him to ascend the throne nor being faithful to his death. It's really a pity. How ridiculous it would be if the whole world served the enemy now! " Bao sincerely said to Guan Zhong, "You are a smart man, so why talk nonsense?" . People who do great things are often informal; People who make great contributions often don't need others' understanding. You have the genius to govern the country, and Huan Gong has the great ambition to be the overlord. If you can help him, it is not difficult to make great achievements and spread the world in the future. Let's talk about Qi Ce governing the country and respecting the king. After Guan Zhong, Bao rushed back to Linzi to report back. At Bao's suggestion, he agreed to choose an auspicious day and personally greet Guan Zhong with very grand etiquette to show his importance and trust in Guan Zhong. At the same time, let everyone know Qi Huangong's generosity. Since then, Qi Huangong has often discussed state affairs with Guan Zhong. Qi Huangong summoned Guan Zhong, and for the first time put forward the question that he thought for a long time. "Do you think this country can settle down now? Guan Zhong knew Qi Huangong's political ambitions through his current contacts, but he didn't talk to each other, so Guan Zhong said bluntly, "If you are determined to dominate the vassal, the country will be stable and prosperous. To be content with the status quo, the country cannot be stable and prosperous. "Hearing this, Qi Huangong asked," I dare not say such a big thing now. Let's play it by ear in the future Guan Zhong was moved by Qi Huangong's sincerity. He quickly said to Qi Huangong, "The king pardoned my death penalty, which is my blessing. I can drag out an ignoble existence so far, not to die for a long time, but for the rich country of Qiang Bing; If this is not the case, then the minister is afraid of death and is bent on promoting and making a fortune. " Say that finish, guanzhong want to long. Qi Huangong was moved by Guan Zhong's heartfelt words, tried his best to retain him, and expressed his determination to seek hegemony as his own responsibility, hoping that Guan Zhong would contribute to this. Later, Qi Huangong asked Guan Zhong, "If I want to make the country prosperous and stable, where should I start?"? Guan Zhong replied: "We must win the hearts of the people first." "How can we win the hearts of the people?" Qi Huangong then asked. Guan zhong replied: "to win the hearts of the people, we must first cherish the people;" If the monarch can cherish the people, the people are naturally willing to contribute to the country. " "Cherish the people, you must enrich the people first, and then run the country. That is self-evident. Generally speaking, stable countries are often rich, while chaotic countries are often poor. This is a fact. At this time, Qi Huangong asked: "The people are already rich and happy. What if there is a shortage of soldiers?" Guan Zhong said, "With fewer soldiers, the fighting capacity is stronger and the morale is bound to be strong. With high morale, is such an army still afraid of poor training? "Qi Huangong asked again," The soldiers are well trained. What if they lack financial resources? Guan Zhong replied: "We should develop mountain forests, salt industry, iron smelting industry and fishery to increase financial resources." Develop business, take products from all over the world, trade with each other and collect taxes from them. This will naturally increase financial resources. Can't the expenses of the army be solved? After this discussion, Qi Huangong was very excited and asked Guan Zhong, "If the army is strong, the people are full and the country is rich, you can compete for hegemony, right?" But Guan Zhong answered seriously: "Don't worry, not yet. Hegemony for the world is a major event, and we must not act rashly. At present, it is imperative for the people to recuperate and make the country prosperous and stable, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve the goal of hegemony. "Because Guan Zhong systematically expounded the way of governing the country, all the problems in Qi Huangong were solved. Soon Guan Zhong was worshipped as the Prime Minister and presided over the political affairs. To show respect for Guan Zhong, Guan Zhong was called Guan Zhong. After Guan Zhong became the prime minister of Qi, he carried out a series of reforms to Qi according to the situation at that time. Administratively, the administrative divisions and institutions will be reorganized, and the capital will be divided into six industrial and commercial townships, 15 scholar townships and 21 townships. The tenth five-year scholar town is the main source of troops in Qi State. Qi Huangong is in charge of five townships, while Shangqing and Gaozi are in charge of five townships. Divide the national government into three departments and formulate a three-official system. Officials have three butchers. There are three industries, three townships for commerce, three dangers for Sichuan and Ze, and three balances for mountains and forests. Thirty suburbs are one city, and each city has one official. Ten cities are one pawn, and each pawn has a pawn teacher. Ten soldiers are a township, and each township has a township teacher. Three townships are one county, and each county has a county division. Ten counties belong to one genus, and each genus has a doctor. There are five genera and five doctors in China. At the beginning of each year, doctors of the five genera should report to Qi Huangong about their families and supervise their merits and demerits. So the whole country formed a unified whole. On the military side, Guan Zhong emphasized that the soldiers should be stationed in agriculture, and stipulated that the five countries in Beijing should have one track, and each track has its own length. Ten tracks make up a mile, and each mile has a department. Sili is a company, and each company has a company commander. Ten companies are a township, and each township has a township lover who is responsible for the military orders of the township. In wartime, an army was formed, with one person per household, five people on a track and five people as a team, led by the head of the track. Fifty people in a mile', fifty people are a small garrison, led by a company in a mile. A row of 200 people, 200 people as a single soldier, led by the company commander. There are two thousand people in a township, and two thousand people are a brigade, led by good people in the township. There are 10,000 people in five townships, with marshals, and 10,000 people are an army, led by marshals in five townships. Gao is a marshal. In this way, the Baojia system is closely integrated with military organizations, and the army is trained by hunting in spring and autumn every year, which improves the combat effectiveness of the army. At the same time, it also stipulates that the people of the whole country are not allowed to migrate at will. People live in one, fighting at night. As long as they hear the sound, they can tell whether they are friends or enemies. Fighting during the day, everyone can know each other just by looking at their faces. In order to solve the problem of military weapons, it is stipulated that armor and weapons can be used for atonement. If you commit a felony, you can atone with armor and chariot halberd. If you commit a misdemeanor, you can atone with the value and chariot halberd. For minor crimes, copper and iron can be used for atonement. This can supplement the shortage of military equipment. On the economic side, Guan Zhong put forward a land tax policy of "diminishing each other", that is, different taxes were levied according to the quality of land. This makes the tax burden more reasonable and improves the people's enthusiasm for production. It also advocates developing the economy, accumulating wealth and money, setting up "nine houses", observing the prime of life and the needs of the people, and collecting scattered food and goods. It also stipulated that the state minted coins, developed fisheries and salt industry, encouraged foreign trade, and Qi's economy began to prosper. As a result of Guan Zhong's reform, the prosperity of the people and social stability appeared in Qi State. Qi Huangong said to Guan Zhong, "Now that our country is rich and strong, can we form an alliance with the princes?" Guan Zhong remonstrated, saying, "There are many governors, so it is better to be together. Jingchu in the south and Qin Jin in the west. But they are arrogant and don't know how to respect Zhou Wang, so they can't seek hegemony. Although the Zhou royal family has declined, it is still the master of the world. Since moving eastward, the governors have not gone to worship, and I don't know your father. If you call for respect for the king and fight against foreigners, the princes in the sea will bow down. " Guan Zhong's "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries" means respecting the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty and recognizing the leader position of the Zhou Emperor. Unite with the vassal States to jointly resist the intrusion of Rong, Di and other tribes on the Central Plains. You must respect the king when you are abroad. Zun Wang became a banner of justice at that time. In the second year (684 BC), in order to revenge Gong Zijiu, he sent troops to attack Lu. At that time, Lu had just been defeated by Qi, and his vitality had not recovered. His troops were surrounded and the whole country was in a panic. It happened that Cao Gui of Lu came out to advise Duke Zhuang of Lu and defeated Qi in Changshou (now northeast of Laiwu, Shandong). After the victory of Lu, it invaded Song and Qi. In retaliation for Chang Shao's defeat, they colluded with Song State to attack Lu State. Because Duke Zhuang of Lu adopted the advice of the doctor's son Yan, he was defeated in (now southwest of Juye, Shandong Province). When Song Jun was defeated, the Qi army naturally retreated. The following year, in order to repay the shame of taking the mountain, the State of Song set out to attack Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu sent his troops to resist and launched a storm before Song Bing stood still. As a result, the state of Song was defeated. Song Guolian. After the defeat, civil strife broke out in China. The doctor Nangong Changwan killed the newly established Zheng Mingong, and soon the Song nobles killed Nangong and his son. The civil strife in the Song Dynasty and the defeat of Lu greatly weakened their strength. Tan Guo (now Jinan East, Shandong Province) is a small country in the west of Qi State. Qi Huangong was already here when he went out. At that time, Tan was very rude to him. Qi Huangong succeeded to the throne, and Tan Guoji did not send envoys to congratulate him. According to the etiquette of the Spring and Autumn Period, it is natural to be condemned for being so rude as Tan Guoqi. Qi Huangong was very dissatisfied with this, so Guan Zhong suggested sending troops to find out. Tan Guo is very weak, how can he resist the attack of Qi Bing? The result was quickly wiped out by Qi. Qi did not try to destroy Tan, nor did it try to expand its territory. In the fifth year of Qi Huangong (before 68 1 year), at the suggestion of Guan Zhong, Qi joined forces with Song, Chen, Cai, Zheng and other countries in Beixing (now Liaocheng East, Shandong Province) to discuss the strategy of stabilizing Song. Sui Guo (now south of Feicheng, Shandong Province) was also invited, but did not participate. In order to improve the prestige of Qi, Guan Zhong sent troops to destroy Sui. Originally, Lu was stronger, but it was defeated by Qi one after another. Seeing that all vassal states obeyed Qi, Sui and Tan who did not obey Qi were eliminated, so they also surrendered to Qi. Soon, Qi made up with Lu and joined forces in Ke (now east, east, west and south of Shandong). This alliance is grand, and the venue is also grand. The high altar is built, flags are flying on both sides, and the military capacity is magnificent.