In addition to the jewelry, fabrics, ivory, rhinoceros horn, spices and so on mentioned above. Items introduced into China, especially glass, should be mentioned. Around 3000 BC, Egyptians and Phoenicians made the earliest glassware in the world. In the 18th dynasty, during the period of Pharaoh Amonofis I (BC 1557 ~ BC 1530), the glass made in Egypt was colorful. In Roman times, Egyptian glass products were world-famous, especially glass beads, which occupied a prominent position in the goods shipped from Rome to the East because of their bright colors, crystal clear and mass production. Since the Han Dynasty, China people used to call glass colored glaze. Egyptian glass, whether it's utensils or beads, is very popular in China. In Henan Province, China, a glass bottle engraved with the head of the goddess Athens made by Alexander in the 2nd century BC was found. By the 5th century, the Egyptian method of making colored glasses was introduced to China, which promoted the development of ancient arts and crafts in China.
Buddhism is one of the three major religions in the world. It was founded by Wang Ziqiao Dharma, an ancient Indian country in Nepal, in the 6th-5th century BC. Founded by Siddhartha. By the 3rd century BC, it began to spread widely. Buddhism was introduced into China through the ancient Silk Road in the Western Regions. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Yue family in the Western Regions sent a mission to the Han Dynasty, and presented the "Fautu Jing" to Lu Jing, a doctoral disciple. Buddhism was officially introduced into China in the period of Emperor Hanming in the East. Emperor Hanming sent envoys to Da Yue to invite Tianzhu Shaman (monks) to take photos of Morton and Zhu Falan who brought Buddhist scriptures to the east. They came to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with white horses, and the White Horse Temple was specially built in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism spread widely in China, and its influence spread all over the country. Since then, Indian monks have come to preach in the east and Han monks have gone to the west to seek dharma, which has become an important chapter in the history of cultural exchanges between the East and the West. China and India, two ancient civilizations, have had a profound intersection.
Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism was gradually introduced into China through the ancient Silk Road. The art of Gandhara, which expresses the Indian-Roman theme with Greek-Roman decorative techniques, has also spread to Xinjiang, bringing Greek-Roman charm to China's paintings, arts and crafts, sculptures and architecture. For example, in Lop Nur, Milan, the abandoned capital of Loulan in South Han Dynasty, Romanesque murals were discovered at the beginning of this century. The princes, monks and winged angels in the murals, as well as Buddhist monks, are exactly the same as those in Fayong, Egypt. The title of the mural should be a Buddhist story, but the composition, tone and painting skills are completely Roman. What is particularly interesting is that the carriage driven by the Prince and Princess of Shanya in Indian Buddhist stories is actually a Roman carriage. Paintings later than Kuqa in Milan and Thousand Buddha Cave in Baicheng are mostly in Greek and Roman style. The banquet pictures that can be seen everywhere are accompanied by illustrations of topics such as seahorses and mermaids in Greek classical art, and the source is nothing more than Egypt under Roman rule. On the mainland, winged figures and animals popular in Greece and Rome appeared on the stone reliefs unearthed from the Han tomb in Tanghe, Henan. The images are very vivid and belong to the relics of the early Eastern Han Dynasty. This kind of Gandhara art has been spread in Xinjiang until the 8th century. Along the north-south direction of the Silk Road, the large murals found in many Buddhist temple sites are the crystallization of Greek, Roman, Indian, Persian and China painting methods. In terms of plastic arts, Egyptian eagle-headed animal-shaped sculpture art also flowed into China through the Scots in Eurasia grassland. Greeks and skeptics are keen to adopt this image and regard it as sacred. During the Warring States Period, Huns in northern China loved this design. The gold ornaments unearthed from the tomb of Xiongnu in the 4th century BC in Inner Mongolia and the Lu Jin-shaped eagle-headed beast unearthed in Shenmu, Shaanxi are all evidence. Even the silk products exported to West Asia in the Han Dynasty have eagle-headed animal patterns, which are obviously to meet the needs of civilized countries in the eastern Mediterranean and have a strong market awareness. In addition to the Gryphon, the sphinx of the ancient Egyptian pyramids actually settled in China. The pottery beast unearthed from the tomb of Xu Minxing, an official of the Sui Dynasty in Jiaxiang, Shandong Province, is actually a lion's head. Its head is divided into an old man, 38 cm high and 12 cm wide. It shows that the cultural exchanges between the two countries have a long history.
In architectural art, Egyptian style is also very popular in Xinjiang, China. Doria stone pillars were originally the architectural pillars of ancient Egypt, and were later absorbed by the Greeks. Around the third and fourth centuries, it was introduced into eastern Xinjiang. In the 6th century AD, Greek-style stone pillars were introduced to Chinese mainland, and the Greek-style melon-shaped concave stone pillars in front of the tomb of Emperor Liang of the Six Dynasties in Nanjing were the representatives. It can be seen that the Egyptian architectural style in Roman times actually had to find a new foothold in the Yangtze River Delta on the coast of the East China Sea.
With the gradual opening and development of Sino-Western exchanges and the expansion of economic exchanges between the two sides, China's understanding of the West is also deepening. This understanding has reached as far away as the Roman Empire in the west. Geographically, the "Daqin" known to China at that time, that is, the Roman Empire, was probably mainly confined to its eastern border areas, especially Alexandria. From Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, China people learned about "Li Xuan". Since then, there have been more records about "ploughing", "plowing" and "plowing" in China's historical records. This distant country that keeps China people's interest alive is Alexandria. The so-called "Ploughhouse", "Ploughing" and "Ploughing" are all the antitheses of Alexander. The historical records of our country written in the early 3rd century A.D. clearly point out that "Li Xuan" is located in the rest, in the west of Arabian Peninsula and in the west of the sea. It is also pointed out that there is a river in the territory and a sea in the west. There are also records that there is quicksand in the west. These accounts have clearly indicated Egypt's position in the western part of the sea connected by Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and Red Sea, and pointed out the Nile, Mediterranean Sea, and even Libyan desert or Sahara desert in western Egypt. When describing the local commerce, currency, property and transportation, Tong Lu also talked about the political life there, such as saying that "the country is impermanent and the country is plagued by disasters, and sages must be established as the mainstay. If you release your dead king, you dare not complain" (Wei Lue). The so-called "impermanence of the country" and "sages are more important" described here are related to the fact that the Roman Empire implemented the head of state system at that time and kept some coats of harmony, which is also the introduction of China people to * * * and politics when they first came into contact with the ancient western world. Although vague, it undoubtedly left room for imagination in the political and ideological field for ancient China people who had been in absolute monarchy for a long time.