Jiangsu is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization. It has a long history. Jiangsu residents have created splendid Wu culture and Han culture for thousands of years, and have deepened and formed their own unique cultural form. Nanjing, the capital of China, is the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, with rich historical accumulation.
Geographical survey
Jiangsu Province is located in the southeast coast of China, downstream of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, bordering the Yellow Sea in the east, Zhejiang and Shanghai in the southeast, Anhui in the west and Shandong in the north. Rivers crisscross. The water network is dense and there are many lakes. The coastline is 954 kilometers, the Yangtze River crosses 425 kilometers from east to west, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through 7 18 kilometers from north to south. There are more than 2,900 large and small rivers such as Huaihe River, Yihe River, Shuhe River, Sihe River, Qinhuai River and irrigation canals in northern Jiangsu. Among the five major freshwater lakes in China, Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake are all located in Jiangsu, with more than 290 large and small lakes. Yunnu Mountain in Yuntai Mountain, Lianyungang is the highest peak in the province, with an altitude of 624.4 meters. In the east, there is a coastline close to Qian Qian meters near the Yellow Sea, and the beach area exceeds 600,000 hectares.
Climatic characteristics
Jiangsu province is a transitional zone between warm temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature of 13~ 16℃. It gradually increases from north to south. As the dividing line between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone, the 0℃ isotherm passes along the Huaihe River and the main irrigation canal in northern Jiangsu. The average temperature in July is above 26℃, and the annual precipitation is 800 ~ 1200mm. The main irrigation canal in the north of Huaihe River and northern Jiangsu has a short rainy season and the annual precipitation is below 1000 mm; The south is deeply influenced by plum rains and typhoons. The rainy season is longer and there is more precipitation. The precipitation in April-65438+10 accounts for more than 70% of the annual precipitation, and it is more than 85% in Xuhuai area.
natural resource
Some mineral resources in Jiangsu province are rich in reserves and high in quality, which have a certain position in the country, such as strontium, germanium, lead and zinc in metal minerals; Kyanite, kaolin and clay in nonmetallic minerals. Jiangsu is rich in water resources, diverse in soil types, high in land quality and suitable in climatic conditions. Jiangsu is rich in biological resources and has a wide variety. There are also many world-famous rare and endangered animals and plants, such as elk (artificially stocked), red-crowned cranes and scale trees.
transport
Jiangsu is an important node of beijing-shanghai railway, and the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge completed by 1968 has greatly increased the freight volume there. At present, the mileage of expressway in Jiangsu Province has reached more than1.2000 kilometers, and the mileage of inland navigation has reached more than 23000 kilometers, with Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Wuxi as the center, and the total length and density of navigation channels rank first in the country. One of them is. Nanjing has many flights to all parts of the country. Lianyungang is the main seaport in Jiangsu Province. Undertake important maritime tasks.
General situation of economy
At present, Jiangsu has become one of the most industrialized provinces in China. Jiangsu's industries are mainly machinery, electronics, textiles and petrochemicals. Formed an industrial system with complete categories and high technology content; Township enterprises have also sprung up, and their output value ranks in the forefront of all provinces in China. Jiangsu is also an important agricultural area in China. It is a production base of grain, oil, cotton and mint. The Yangtze River Waterway and the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal in Jiangsu Province constitute the trunk lines of inland waterways in the whole province, with the total mileage ranking first in the country, nearly 100 ports and the throughput exceeding 654.38+10,000 tons. Nanjing and Xuzhou are also important railway hubs in China. Convenient transportation has accelerated the economic development of Jiangsu Province.
Cultural practices
The population of Jiangsu is mainly Han nationality, accounting for 99.64% of the whole province. Ethnic minorities have a small population. * * * There are 260,000 people. However, 55 ethnic minorities are complete, among which the Hui nationality has the largest population. It accounts for about 52% of the total population of ethnic minorities, and other ethnic minorities with more than 10,000 people are Miao, Mongolian, Manchu and Tujia.
Provincial capital: Nanjing
Nanjing, referred to as Ning for short, is one of the seven ancient capitals of Jiangsu Province, the provincial capital and China. Located in the southwest of the province. It covers an area of 6597 square kilometers. The whole city governs 1 1 district 2 counties. Nanjing has a long history. In the early Warring States period, Gou Jian destroyed Wu and built Yuecheng in the southwest of Zhonghua Gate. This is the earliest wall in the history of Nanjing. Nanjing is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with mountains and rivers criss-crossing. It belongs to the north subtropical monsoon climate zone with four distinct seasons. Nanjing is an important comprehensive industrial base in eastern China. The output of electronics, automobiles and chemical products ranks among the top in China. The Beijing-Shanghai and Nanjing-Wuhu railways meet here, and there are more than 60 expressway connecting home and abroad. Nanjing Port is the largest inland river port in China. Nanjing has become the hub of railway, highway, aviation and pipeline transportation in East China. Nanjing is also one of the six communication centers in China and one of the four central cities in the Yangtze River Basin.
Famous historical and cultural city: Suzhou
Suzhou is located in the middle of the Yangtze River Delta and the south of Jiangsu Province. It borders Shanghai in the east, Zhejiang in the south and Wuxi in the west. North of the Yangtze River. The city covers a total area of 8,488 square kilometers, and now governs 6 districts and 5 county-level cities with a total population of 610.6 million. There are many rivers and lakes in this area. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal runs through the north and south, and the Wangyu River, Loujiang River and Taipu River connect things. Taihu Lake, Yangcheng Lake, Kuncheng Lake and Dianshan Lake are embedded in it. Suzhou has four distinct seasons and a mild climate. Abundant rainfall, fertile land and rich products. Suzhou is a national key tourist city, and the ancient city is located in the water network, forming a unique style of "a small bridge with flowing water".
Famous historical and cultural city: Xuzhou
Xuzhou is located in the northwest of Jiangsu Province. China is an important coal production base. Xuzhou was called Pengcheng in ancient times. Yao's name here is Peng Zu. It is called the Kingdom of Big Peng. During the flood control in Yu Xia, the land was divided into Kyushu, and Xuzhou was one of them. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a city called Peng, which was the capital of the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period, and Xiang Yu once established his capital here. Xuzhou, a famous military strategic place, has always been a battleground for military strategists. For thousands of years, there have been more than 200 wars around Xuzhou. Xuzhou is the hometown of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and the cultural remains of the Han Dynasty are very rich, among which the tombs, figurines and stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty are also called "the three wonders of the Han Dynasty". Qin Liu, fur paintings, jade carvings and other Xuzhou craft products are famous at home and abroad. Traditional dishes such as Pei County dog meat, Dongpo ritual meat and pearl duck are well-known at home and abroad. Yunlong Mountain in the southern suburbs is also famous for its many scenic spots.
Famous historical and cultural city: Yangzhou
Yangzhou is a city under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province and one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China. Located in the middle of the province, on the north bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with an area of 6,678 square kilometers, it governs 3 districts 1 county and 3 county-level cities. The population is 4.53 million, and most of the residents are Han nationality. Yangzhou is located at the eastern end of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with a gentle slope from northwest to southeast. The main rivers in the city are the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, which belong to the north subtropical humid climate zone with mild climate and distinct seasons. Yangzhou's industries are mainly electromechanical, textile, light industry and chemical industry. The main products are automobiles, ships and internal combustion engines. Developed agriculture, known as the land of abundance, the main crops are rice, cotton, rape and so on. Here, the land and water transportation is convenient, the river network in the territory is dense, and the water transportation has been very developed since ancient times. The famous scenic spots in China include Slender West Lake.
Zhonghua Gate
Nanjing Zhonghua Gate was originally the south gate of the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty, because it was opposite to Jubaoshan (now Yuhuatai). So it's called cornucopia. 193 1 changed its name to Zhonghua Gate. The plane of Zhonghua Gate is rectangular, with a width of 90 meters from east to west. It is about128m long from north to south, with a total area of 1. 1.7 million square meters. The city belongs to the urn city, with four stacks before and after, and an arch in the middle of each wall. Each door also has a thousand-pound brake that starts up and down (only the door slot and stone mortar are left). There are 27 soldiers hiding caves in Wengcheng No.1 * *, which can accommodate 3,000 soldiers at one time. A 1 1 meter-wide climb can be seen outside the southeast wall of Weng City. Brick paths are used for vehicles and horses with heavy loads to get on and off. Zhonghua Gate is a defensive building in ancient China, which occupies an important position in the history of world wall architecture.
Taiping heavenly kingdom tianwangfu site
The Tianwangfu site in Nanjing was originally twofold. Sun City in the outer city and Jinlong City in the inner city. In the third year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1864), after the Qing army captured Tianjing, Tianwangfu was burned down, leaving only some main buildings, and then it was expanded into the Governor's Office of Liangjiang. After the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yat-sen was appointed as the interim president here on New Year's Day 19 12, and the office of the president was located near Xiyuan. During the Kuomintang rule, Chiang Kai-shek's presidential palace was also here. Existing buildings include the Great Hall (or Glory Hall and Golden Dragon Hall), Nuan Pavilion, the Great Hall, the West Garden and the ancillary buildings on the east and west sides in front of the Great Hall.
Mount Huaguoshan
Guo Hua is located in the middle of Yuntai Mountain in Lianyungang, Jiangsu. Formerly known as Cangwu Mountain, also known as Qingfeng Mountain, Guo Huashan was named after the novel The Journey to the West was based on it. Its peak, Jade Girl Mountain, is 625 meters above sea level. It is the highest peak in Jiangsu. Among the peaks of Yuntai Mountain *** 157, Guo Huashan is particularly famous. Huaguoshan Scenic Area is a national key scenic spot. Main attractions/kloc-more than 0/00. Besides. One of the four ornamental bamboos in China, the gold inlaid jade bamboo, the famous tea Wuyun tea, kiwi fruit, ginseng fruit, ginkgo and chestnut are also the specialties of Huaguoshan.
Yuhuatai
Wu Dong, the three kingdoms of Nanjing, is called Yuhuatai Agate Mountain, Shizigang Mountain and Jubao Mountain. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the "high wind at the end of the wood" and "Yuhuaguan" in the scenic spot were listed as one of the "Forty-eight Scenes of Jinling" and "Eighteen Scenes of Jinling" respectively. It is a famous scenic spot in the south of the Yangtze River. For centuries, revolutionary martyrs have left countless touching stories in Yuhuatai. The construction of Yuhuatai Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery began at 1950, and the six Chinese characters "Long live the martyrs" inscribed by Mao Zedong were engraved on the 6.8-meter-high cornerstone.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the democratic revolution. It is located in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, at the southern foot of the kitten at the eastern foot of Zhongshan, and adjacent to the Ming Tombs in the west. To the east is Linggu Temple. The whole building complex absorbs the characteristics of ancient buildings in China and gradually rises from south to north according to the mountain. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum started in the spring of 1926 and was completed in the summer of 1929. Its main buildings include memorial archway, tomb gate, tablet pavilion, memorial hall and tomb. The architectural style of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum combines Chinese and western styles, and it is known as "the first mausoleum in the modern architectural history of China".
Nanjing Confucius Temple
Nanjing Confucius Temple faces Qinhuai River. Its main buildings are Dacheng Hall, Mingdetang, Dacheng Gate, Zunjing Pavilion, Guyun Building, Chongsheng Temple, Kuixing Pavilion and Juxing Court. During the Six Dynasties, the Confucius Temple was surrounded by the most prosperous area in Nanjing, so it was called the "Six Dynasties Gold Powder Land". Today, some buildings of Confucius Temple in Nanjing were rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty and some in recent years. The words "Depei Tiandi" and "Daoguan Ancient and Modern" engraved on the east and west doors are Zeng Guofan's handwriting. Dacheng Hall is a place dedicated to Confucius, with halls and corridors. Behind the temple is the worship hall, which used to be the pantheon of past dynasties. After worshipping the temple, there is an ancient pavilion and a worship pavilion on the top of the mountain. After several wars, the Confucius Temple was severely damaged. After the founding of New China, it was renovated and became the cultural activity center in the south of Nanjing.
Yanziji
Yanziji is one of the three famous rocks in the Yangtze River, outside Guanyin Gate in the northern suburb of Nanjing. It is a branch of the northeast Yanshan Mountains. The rock stands upright on the river, facing the sky on three sides, and looks like a swallow spreading its wings, so it is called this.
"The first mountain in the south of the Yangtze River": Huishan
Huishan, located in Wuxi, is known as "the first mountain in the south of the Yangtze River". The peak winds like a dragon. Its main peak, Sanmao Peak, is as high as 328.9 meters. Huishan Spring is located at the eastern foot of Huishan Mountain. Also known as Luziquan, it is the first Er Quan in the world. It was unearthed from the first year to the twelfth year of the Tang Dynasty (766~777). Jichang Garden in Huishan is one of the famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. It was built in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty (1506~ 152 1), and it was rebuilt many times after the founding of New China. The whole park consists of two parts: the water gallery is the main part of the east. Rockery trees predominate in the west. The whole garden is exquisitely decorated. There are all kinds of scenery.
"Leaning Tower of Pisa in the East": Tiger Hill
Huqiu Mountain in Suzhou was originally named Haigeng Mountain. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), this was the palace of the King of Wu. He Lv's body is buried here. The ancient trees on the Tiger Hill are towering, and the Millennium Pagoda is hidden among them, with beautiful scenery. The first ancient building in Huqiu is the Broken Beam Hall, which was built from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty (1338). All the joints in this building are wooden tenons, and there is not a nail in the whole building, which will not rot for a long time. There are several stone tablets engraved with the changes of Tiger Hill in the temple. Tiger Hill was built in the first year of Renshou of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty (60 1), also known as Yan Sita. During the reconstruction of 1956, a large number of precious cultural relics were found in the third mezzanine, such as stone letters, prayer flags, bronze buddhas, bronze mirrors, celadon lotus bowls, etc. Tiger Mountain is called the Leaning Tower of Pisa in the East.
The Classical Gardens of Suzhou
There are dozens of well-preserved gardens in Suzhou. The organic integration of garden architecture and literati painting and calligraphy in Suzhou gardens makes the cultural atmosphere of Suzhou gardens extremely strong. Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master's Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa, as the typical classical gardens in Suzhou, have become the models and representatives of many classical gardens in Suzhou because of their profound artistic conception, elegant art, exquisite construction and rich cultural connotation.
Zhouzhuang ancient town
Zhouzhuang now belongs to Kunshan City. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Zhouzhuang Town was called Yaocheng, but it was renamed Zhouzhuang in the first year of Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty (1086) because the Duke of Zhou took the house as a temple. Zhouzhuang covers an area of about 0.4 square kilometers. The buildings in Zhouzhuang Town are mainly in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The river in the town is well-shaped, and houses are built along the river. Narrow and tortuous streets, rows of ancient houses, and Shui Ge stone bridges scattered along the river show the unique charm of Jiangnan water town. Up to now, there are still 14 ancient bridges in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties on the river, including Fuan Bridge, the only bridge in China, and the rare double bridge in China.
Hanshan Temple
When Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, passed through Hanshan Temple in Suzhou, he left a poem of "a night-mooring near maple bridge". From then on, Hanshan Temple became famous. Hanshan Temple was originally named Miaoliping Pagoda. It was destroyed many times and rebuilt many times. The Hanshan Temple we see now was rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty. Including Daxiong Hall, Tibetan Scripture Building, Fengjiang Building, Bell Tower, Monument Gallery, etc. Yellow walls and green trees in Hanshan Temple. Deep and solemn.
Mingling mausoleum
Nanjing Ming Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty. It is located at the foot of Mount Qomolangma, Dulong House, at the southern foot of Zhongshan. It has a history of more than 600 years and has been rated as "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO. A stone man in Xiaoling. The stone beast is tall, vivid and rough, which is a classic in the stone carvings of the Ming emperor's mausoleum.