Shaanxi History Museum has collected such a national treasure porcelain pot, which is unique in shape, exquisite and gorgeous, and has a lion's mouth with a phoenix handle. The peony, the king of flowers, encircles the basin with ingenious design. The pot body is round, and the pot cover, the cross beam and the pot body are connected into a whole. It is called the "magic pot" because the liquid can be poured upside down.
What kind of internal structure and magic does this magical "magic pot" have? What kind of past life did this ancient "light of wisdom" porcelain pot have? The reporter will take you into Shaanxi History Museum and unveil the mystery of "the treasure of the town hall"-pouring porcelain pots with blue glaze.
Glass beam pouring porcelain jar
Title: National Treasure
Registration time: 1968
Date of birth: 1000 years ago
Land: Bin County (now Binzhou City)
Current address: Shaanxi History Museum
Tel: (029)85253806
Shaanxi History Museum has 17 17950 pieces (groups) of cultural relics, which shuttle among rare treasures, as if they had crossed into those dazzling times in history. Walking into the third exhibition hall of Shaanxi History Museum, a porcelain pot with exquisite workmanship and delicate jade attracted many tourists to stop and watch, which was full of praise.
This porcelain pot is18.3cm high and14.3cm in diameter, which is an outstanding treasure of Yaozhou kiln porcelain. Porcelain pots have hanging beams to help the wind. A breast-feeding lion and a lioness are piled at the junction of the lid and the body of the pot, and a knotted peony is engraved on the spherical ampulla, which is called the "Three Kings" pot. Its shape is peculiar, the pot cover is connected with the body, and the water injection hole is in the center of the bottom of the device. When in use, the pot must be turned upside down and liquid injected from the plum blossom hole at the bottom, so it is also called "magic pot" by the world.
This porcelain pot is one of the treasures of Shaanxi History Museum. It is a blue glazed hanging beam pour porcelain pot. 1996, blue glaze and inverted beam porcelain pots were designated as first-class cultural relics by the national cultural relics appraisal group; 20 13, as a first-class cultural relic, it is forbidden to leave the country for exhibitions; In 20 15, its replica was presented to Indian prime minister modi as a national gift.
1, the national treasure "magic pot" is awesome.
Close to the glass of the showcase, you will find that this pot with olive blue glaze and blue-green surface is novel and unique in shape, with complex and gorgeous patterns. The pot is round and shaped like an inverted persimmon. Liang is a phoenix, with its head slightly tilted, as if to spread its wings and fly. The spout is a lioness lying on her side with her mouth open. A cub snuggles up to the lioness and sucks milk, which is lifelike. The pot body is decorated with embossed and twisted peony flowers, and the bottom is decorated with lotus petals, with free and easy lines.
According to Zhuo vibration west, a famous Yaozhou porcelain expert, this celadon carved pot is a rare treasure in Yaozhou kiln. Yaozhou Kiln began in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty and declined in Ming Dynasty. It is famous at home and abroad for its exquisite carved celadon. The carving process is to carve the outline of the pattern vertically with a cutter, then carve it obliquely next to the pattern with a cutter to remove the sediment and make the pattern slightly convex, and then glaze and fire it. The finished product has clear patterns, distinct layers, crystal clear glaze color and strong three-dimensional sense.
So, how was such a beautiful and strange porcelain pot discovered? When did this pot come and why was it recognized as a national treasure?
1968, a farmer accidentally dug up a porcelain jar in Chengguan Town, Binxian County (now Binzhou City). Without much thought, he left it at home. 1982, when his relatives went back to their hometown to visit relatives, they came across this strange pot and guessed that it should be a cultural relic, so they took it to consult a cultural relic expert.
while ...
Once this pot was made public, it attracted the attention of cultural relics experts. Ancient ceramics experts found that the surface of this pot is moist and shiny, and the pot body is round, but the lid can't be opened and I don't know where to inject water. It is extremely exquisite, with various patterns, vivid shapes and a three-dimensional sense. Faced with such a puzzling pot-shaped object, experts call it a "magic pot".
With further identification, experts believe that from the perspective of ceramic technology, the "magic pot" has a solid matrix, delicate texture, light green glaze and full and luxurious overall shape, which should be a rare treasure in Yaozhou kiln porcelain of the Five Dynasties. Because the earliest firing of celadon in Yaozhou Kiln was in the Tang Dynasty, influenced by Nanyue Kiln in the Five Dynasties, celadon was mainly fired, and the quality of celadon was obviously improved compared with that in the Tang Dynasty. The Five Dynasties period is the mature period of Yaozhou kiln celadon.
He Dakan, director of the Cultural Relics Protection Department of Shaanxi Provincial Museum of History, said that different decorations such as phoenix and peony show people's yearning for a better life, thus reflecting an era of cultural prosperity and people's stable life.
1996, this "magic pot" was designated as a "national treasure" cultural relic and is now collected in Shaanxi History Museum.
2, the magical "magic" is intriguing.
The "magic pot" perfectly combines novel and unique modeling, sharp and clear ornamentation and green glaze, just like a masterpiece. However, compared with its incomparable artistic value, the magic pot is more attractive because of its ingenious design.
Experts are surprised by its exquisite appearance and are eager to know more about this exquisite pot-shaped container. Experts found that the lid and body of the pot were designed as a whole and could not be opened at all. Just at the bottom of the pot, there is a passage-five-petal plum blossom hole, which is the only passage that can enter the pot except the spout. So they tried to fill the pot with water from the plum blossom hole at the bottom. Unexpectedly, after the pot body turns right, the water will not leak from the plum blossom hole at the bottom of the pot. Gently tilt the pot body, and water can generally flow out slowly from the spout. The actual test shows that the kettle can hold 9 10 ml of water.
In order to know the secret of this magical "magic pot", experts made an X-ray "perspective" of the "magic pot" with the help of modern scientific and technological means. By looking at the cross section of the "magic pot", we can see that there are two conduits in the pot, and we can judge that the pot is actually a reflux pot. The decanter is a kind of pot that can inject liquid from the bottom of the pot and pour it out from the spout normally. It is made according to the principle that the liquid level in the communicator is equal in physics: there is only one liquid in the communicator, and when the liquid does not flow, the liquid levels on both sides of the container are always flat. In this way, the mystery of leaving a mysterious plum blossom-shaped hole at the bottom of the "magic pot" without a lid that can be lifted is solved.
Surprisingly, the idea of pouring porcelain pots with glazed beams is very clever. The whimsy in shape and structure embodies the unique personality of ancient craftsmen. The best annotation of this poem is "a book full of poems" At present, there are several names for this kind of pot, such as pouring pot and pouring pot.
According to historical records, with the passage of time, the level of making inverted pots has become higher and higher. Later, it can be made into a multi-liner style, and different liquids can be poured from a pot. At the same time, it also implies a philosophy of "the extremes of things must be reversed": the opposite end is positive, and the positive end is opposite. If you cross the line, you can do nothing.
After visiting the inverted pot, many foreigners said enviously, "More than a thousand years ago, your ancestors knew how to seal and pay attention to hygiene. It's really amazing. "
3. Exquisite skills are amazing
This kind of celadon pot with glazed beams shows the superb level of porcelain-making technology in Yaozhou kiln in the Five Dynasties. Its decorative patterns are complicated and gorgeous, and its production technology is exquisite, which embodies the painstaking efforts and wisdom of skilled craftsmen.
According to He Dakan, the green glazed porcelain pot is the most representative product of Yaozhou Kiln. In the past, all watering pots were made by hand, while the green glaze watering pot integrated all the technologies of Yaozhou kiln, such as drawing and engineers.
According to historical records, the inverted pot in the Song Dynasty is the most famous. In the Yuan Dynasty, its craft developed more perfectly. According to the Catalogue of Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty, the manufacturing process of reflow soldering pot is rather strange, and the firing process needs three processes, each of which is more complicated. After these three processes are completed, they are connected in turn to form a well-structured reflux kettle.
After expert research, it turns out that the inverted pot is also done backwards in the production process. When making, you need to draw a pot shape with clay, then put the prepared catheter into the pot tire, seal the molded pot mouth and put it into the furnace for firing.
Even in this kiln for firing ceramics, ceramic craftsmen at that time mastered advanced technology. According to archaeological analysis, the kiln temperature of Yaozhou kiln reached 13 10 in the Tang Dynasty. The achievement of such high temperature is mainly attributed to the horseshoe kiln with completely closed top. The advantage of this kiln is that when the fire rises from the fire pool, it first reaches the top of the kiln. Because the top of the kiln is closed, the fire can only move down the kiln bed. In this way, the products in the kiln can burn evenly during the movement of the flame from the bottom of the kiln to the top of the kiln. Finally, the fire is discharged from the bottom flue.
In 2006, Yaozhou kiln firing technology was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
The cultural connotation and superb skills of turning pots have added a lot of color to Chinese civilization. In modern society, the ancient town of Chenlu in Tongchuan City is still making inverted pots, and its interesting usage is fascinating.
More importantly, the blue glaze lifted the beam and poured the porcelain pot, which set up a bridge for foreign cultural exchanges in the new era. At the opening ceremony of the 20 16 Silk Expo and the 20th West Expo, Chinese and foreign guests watered the flowers of friendship with watering pots, which became a symbol of civilized friendship on the new Silk Road.