Information technology is a general term for enterprises to collect, store, process and process management information by scientific methods and assist decision-making, and computer technology is the main and indispensable means of information technology. Obviously, the former includes the latter. To avoid confusing their concepts, we must have a correct understanding of them. As far as the informatization of construction management is concerned, we should not only solve the problem of whether to use computer technology, but also how to use it. For example, even if computers are used in all departments of enterprises, the information exchange between enterprises, enterprises and governments still needs paper media. In this way, it cannot be said that information technology has been fully utilized and informatization has been realized. At the same time, modern construction management by computer can not only store, modify, search and process a large amount of information quickly, effectively, automatically and systematically, but also track and manage the construction progress, quality and cost caused by various natural and human factors in the construction process. The application of computer technology reflects the application level of information technology, which improves the construction management level.
2. Application status of information technology in building management
First of all, we should use computers and tools and software within a certain range to improve work efficiency. In building construction, computer technology is used to carry out various calculation operations and auxiliary management work earlier, such as office automation system, bidding system (engineering quantity calculation, bidding quotation, tender preparation, construction scheme design, cost calculation and project schedule network preparation), design calculation system (deep foundation pit support design, scaffolding design, template design and construction detail design) and project management system (project cost, quality, schedule management and daily information management)
Secondly, the application of automatic control technology characterized by information technology in buildings has achieved good results in some places. For example, mass concrete construction quality control, verticality control of high-rise buildings, automatic control of ready-mixed concrete feeding, integral installation of large-scale components and equipment and synchronous lifting technology, integral climbing scaffolding, curtain wall manufacturing and processing, building settlement observation and engineering survey, and building material detection data collection.
The popularization and application of information technology not only improves the overall image of the construction industry, improves the working efficiency, technical level and safety level of the construction industry, enhances the overall competitiveness of the industry and enterprises, but also reduces the production cost and work intensity of enterprises and ensures the engineering quality.
However, in general, the application of information technology in the construction industry to upgrade the overall level of traditional industries is low, and there are obvious limitations and deficiencies, mainly in:
A) The application scope is narrow, mainly concentrated in the early stage of project construction, such as bidding, cost budget, construction organization design, etc., and it is rarely used in the progress, quality and cost control in the construction process. The project construction management still mainly relies on the experience and processing ability of managers, which is very unscientific; B) Single-machine application software is mainly used, which runs on a single machine. Only computers are used for fast operation, and no network is formed to realize information sharing and automatic transmission, with low efficiency; C) Enterprises fail to make full use of the convenience brought by the Internet to realize online material procurement, bidding, project management, information exchange and information release. And e-commerce has not really developed; D) Both government websites and commercial websites mainly focus on information release, lacking tools, network software and information interaction; E) Software development projects are similar, lacking overall planning and development funds, and most of them are low-level repeated development.
3. Successful experience of foreign counterparts in the application of information technology.
Foreign counterparts applied information technology in the construction industry earlier and have many successful experiences, which are worth learning. Here are some examples.
A) In Japan, in recent years, the whole life cycle informatization of construction projects, namely CALS/EC, has been vigorously promoted. It is characterized by the electronization of all information based on the whole life cycle of construction projects; Use the Internet to submit and receive information; All electronic information is stored in the database, which can be enjoyed and reused. Achieve the purpose of reducing costs, improving quality, improving efficiency and enhancing the competitiveness of the construction industry. B) In Hong Kong, the main applications are: formulating common standards and developing common data infrastructure so that people engaged in construction business can conduct electronic communication; Using the Internet and computer technology to effectively obtain and exchange engineering project information; Manage engineering drawings, data and drawing review by electronic means; Using digital camera technology to dynamically manage the site construction situation in time; Personnel management on the construction site adopts "green card certification" (green card contains basic information of employees, employment, skills and other information).
4. Countermeasures to improve the application level of building management information technology
4. 1 Enterprises should make strategic plans and implement them effectively according to the characteristics of construction management informatization. The Ministry of Construction lists informatization in the construction field as an important work at present. The minister stressed that it is an urgent problem to promote the work in the construction field by means of informatization, not to follow the fashion and not to embellish it, and it is especially necessary to strengthen the informatization construction of engineering quality management. It can be seen that it is the general trend to transform the construction industry with information technology. The core of the informatization level of construction enterprises is mainly reflected in the application level of information technology in the process of construction management.
The characteristics of informatization construction are: automation of information collection (sensing technology, IC card technology), automation of information storage (CD storage, DBMS), networking of information exchange (LAN, World Wide Web), instrumentalization of information retrieval (DBMS, search engine), integration of information technology (multimedia technology, expert system), scientific utilization of information (various analysis based on data) and systematization of information management. Enterprises should make strategic plans according to the above information characteristics and the actual situation of construction management, make full use of modern information technology, and gradually establish various construction management information systems.
4.2 Information sharing platform and online office system based on LAN and Internet are widely used in the whole process of construction management. Modern construction projects are large in scale and involve many participants, often involving domestic and foreign countries. There are many construction documents (such as letters, notices, drawings, contracts, progress reports, purchase orders, application for inspection and approval, design change records, etc.). ) and a lot of information. The traditional project information management is based on paper, and its transmission mode is warp communication mode which is suitable for the traditional pyramid management system. This model has many levels, low efficiency and high cost, and it is easy to cause losses due to information communication errors. According to the survey of BRICSNET Company in the United States, 3%~5% of the project cost is caused by information errors, of which 30% is caused by incorrect use or outdated drawings. In the United States, about $500 million is used to express the documents and drawings of project management every year, and 1%~2% of the project cost is used for daily printing, copying and faxing. The survey also shows that any party involved in the construction project has less than 65% of the total records when the project is completed. With the rapid expansion of information today, the management of construction enterprises must make full use of information technology.
4.3 Develop various application systems based on the Internet, such as e-commerce and online project management. Using internet technology to improve project management level. The key point of informatization application of construction enterprises is to develop and apply project information management system based on Internet, establish database and network connection, and realize online bidding, online inquiry, online meeting and online material procurement. By establishing the concept of online virtual organization, the vertical information exchange mode is changed into a parallel communication mode, which improves efficiency and accuracy, realizes the sharing of information resources, improves communication and cooperation, and improves the scientificity and timeliness of decision-making. In the construction stage, the information management of the construction process is realized by using the Internet-based project management information system and special technical software. For example, the project manager can hold a virtual work meeting at any time and place in a day. Why can project team members exchange information with relevant engineers at any time and place, review the construction quality and countersign drawings and documents? Construction site management personnel can directly access the construction quality inspection information to the company headquarters for evaluation through PDA; In the stage of completion acceptance, information management of all kinds of completion data is automatically generated according to quality records;
4.4 Continue to vigorously promote the application level of computer-aided construction project management and process control software. At present, it is necessary to vigorously promote the application of software related to the three major control processes (schedule, quality and cost) of construction management. For example, in the aspect of schedule control, network planning technology can show the characteristics of key work, maneuvering time and mutual restriction. According to the construction schedule, network schedule management software is used to control the schedule, adjust resources and optimize the time in time to adapt to the changeable situation of the construction site. At present, this kind of software is relatively mature; In terms of quality control, engineering quality management is an important part of construction management, which has the characteristics of large amount of information, strong comprehensiveness and high technical difficulty. Compared with manual operation, using quality management software has outstanding advantages: short processing time and high reliability of results. The quality management software system can be used for quality control and evaluation at all stages of the construction process, including generating various quality evaluation reports, drawing various quality evaluation curves, and evaluating the quality grades of partial projects according to various measured data, thus providing reliable material guarantee for quality managers to implement dynamic control of project quality.
In terms of process control software, it is necessary to further optimize the widely used application software such as deep foundation pit design and calculation, building construction template design, engineering survey, mass concrete construction quality control, automatic control of large-scale component hoisting, and three-dimensional effect design of pipeline equipment installation.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd