Editor of the Olympic Games? 【 ào lín pǐkèyün dêng hui 】 The Olympic Games generally refer to the Olympic Games.
Olympic Games (Greek: ο λ υ μ π ι α κ ο? Αγ? νε? ; French: Jeux olympiques；; English: The Olympic Games, referred to as the "Olympic Games" for short, is the largest comprehensive sports event in the world sponsored by the International Olympic Committee, and it is also an international sports event second only to the FIFA World Cup. It is held once every four years, with a duration of no more than 16 days. It is divided into Summer Olympics (Olympic Games), Winter Olympics (Winter Olympics), Summer Paralympics (Paralympics), Winter Paralympics and Summer Youth Olympic Games.
The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece more than 2,000 years ago and got its name because it was held in Olympia. After the closure of the ancient Olympic Games 1500 years, Coubertin, a Frenchman, put forward an initiative to host the modern Olympic Games at the end of 19. 1894 International Olympic Committee was established, 1896 First Olympic Games, 1960 First Paralympic Games, 20 10 First Youth Olympic Games. The current president of the International Olympic Committee is German thomas bach.
In 2008, Beijing hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Games. In 20 14, Nanjing hosted the Youth Olympic Games. At present, Beijing is bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics. If successful, Beijing will become the first city in the world to host the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
Chinese name
Olympic Games
Foreign name
Ολυμπιακο? Αγ? νε? (Greek); Olympic team (France); Olympic Games (English)
abbreviation
Olympic Games, Olympic Games, Olympic Games
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Under the guidance of Olympism, the Olympic Games is a four-year Olympic Games.
2008 Beijing Olympic Games
Lin Fengfeng Celebration-The Olympic Games is an international social movement with the main activities of promoting the all-round development of people's physiology, psychology and social morality, communicating mutual understanding among people of all countries, popularizing Olympism all over the world and safeguarding world peace. The Olympic movement includes an ideological system with Olympism as the core, an organizational system with the International Olympic Committee, international individual sports federations and national Olympic committees as the backbone, and an activity system with the Olympic Games as the cycle.
1894 On June 23rd, when Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator known as the "father of modern Olympics" and 79 representatives from 12 countries decided to establish the International Olympic Committee and create the Olympic Movement, this feat was once the object of irony. One hundred years later, the Olympic Games has become a festival celebrated all over the world, and the Olympic movement has attracted the active participation of 202 countries and regions.
1998, the famous Life magazine published 1000 most important events and figures in the past Millennium, and Coubertin's feat of restoring the Olympic Games in 1896 was among them, which was regarded as one of the Millennium events.
The Olympic Movement is a rare masterpiece of human society, which fully demonstrates the various functions of sports, and its influence goes far beyond the scope of sports, making its mark in politics, economy, philosophy, culture, art and news media in the contemporary world.
2008 Beijing Olympic Games
A series of influences cannot be ignored. The Olympic Movement not only constitutes a unique sports cultural landscape in modern society, delights people's body and mind with its unique cultural charm, but also inspires people to forge ahead with its strong humanistic spirit.
The Olympic movement is the product of the times. The industrial revolution has greatly expanded the economic, political and cultural ties among all ethnic groups in the world, and the exchanges between countries have become increasingly close. There is an urgent need to strengthen international mutual understanding through various means of communication. The appearance of the Olympic Movement adapts to the needs of this society and is the inevitable product of the development of human society to a certain stage.
report to a higher body
1892165438+1On October 25th, Baron Coubertin gave a wonderful speech in Paris to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the French Athletics Federation. He called on people to "persistently pursue and realize great and beneficial undertakings based on modern living conditions." This historic speech, which is extremely rich in content and full of enthusiasm, was later called the Olympic Declaration. 19 14, the European war broke out. This speech was not published in a war environment, so Coubertin had to hide it quietly. 1937, Coubertin died of an acute heart attack. With the disappearance of the speech, the once inspiring and exciting declaration seems to be gradually forgotten. However, Fran? ois Dama, a French diplomatic analyst who is keen on studying the history of sports, always believes that the manuscript is still in the world. He traveled all over Europe, North America and Africa with clues through bits and pieces of indirect information left by newspapers in those years. Finally, Marquis Dama found it in the safe of a Swiss bank in the early 1990s. Thus, Marquis Dama became the sole owner of Coubertin's Olympic Declaration.
2008 Beijing Olympic Games
1994, during the centenary of the Olympic Games, the IOC only published 1000 copies of the Olympic Manifesto in English and French to announce the existence of this precious manuscript. On June 2nd, 2008, to commemorate the 45th anniversary of Coubertin's birthday/KLOC-0, the world premiere celebration of the Olympic Declaration in Chinese, French and English was held in Beijing. One hundred years after the manuscript of the Olympic Manifesto was lost, China entered the Olympic Year. With the consent of IOC President Rogge and the copyright owner Marquis Dama, Civilization magazine published the Olympic Manifesto in Chinese, French and English for the first time in the world.
symbol
The Olympic movement has a series of unique and distinctive symbols, such as the Olympic symbol, motto, Olympic flag, anthem, emblem, medal and mascot. These signs have rich cultural connotations and vividly reflect the value orientation and cultural connotation of the Olympic ideal.
It symbolizes the unity of the five continents. Among them, blue represents Europe; Yellow represents Asia; Black represents Africa; Green represents Oceania; Red stands for America. The five rings represent the unity of the five continents and the gathering of athletes from all over the world at the Olympic Games.
According to the Olympic Charter, the property rights of Olympic symbols, Olympic flag, Olympic motto and Olympic anthem belong to the exclusive rights of the International Olympic Committee. The IOC may take all appropriate measures to ensure that Olympic symbols, flags, aphorisms and songs are protected by law at home and abroad.
2008 Beijing Olympic Games
The Olympic flag was designed by Coubertin himself in 19 13. It is 3m long and 2m wide. 19 14 It was first put forward at the Olympic Congress in Paris to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic Movement. 1920 The Antwerp Olympic Games was officially adopted. The top of the Olympic flag has three rings of blue, black and red, and the bottom has two rings of yellow and green.
The hymn was first sung at the opening ceremony of the first Summer Olympic Games in 1896, but it was not confirmed as the Olympic anthem at that time. After the 1950s, some people suggested re-creating new songs as a permanent national anthem, but several attempts were not satisfactory. At the 5th Olympic Games held in Tokyo from 65438 to 0958, the IOC finally decided to use the Olympic anthem (Ode to samaras) as the Olympic anthem. Its music score is kept in ioc headquarters. Since then, this melodious ancient Greek music can be heard at the opening and closing ceremonies of every Olympic Games.
The Olympic motto is also called the Olympic slogan. The Olympic movement has a famous motto: "Citius, Altius, Fortius". This maxim was said by Henri Didong, a good friend of Coubertin and the abbot of L 'Aquile Abbey in Paris, at an outdoor sports meeting to encourage students. He said: "here, your slogan is: faster, higher and stronger."
Coubertin borrowed this sentence from the Olympic Movement. He once made his own understanding of this, which may be the best interpretation of the Olympic spirit:
The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win, but to participate, just as the most important thing in life is not to win, but to struggle. The most important thing is not to conquer, but to fight hard. "
("The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not victory, but participation; Just as the most important thing in life is not success, but struggle; But the most essential thing is not to conquer, but to work hard. " )
1920, the international Olympic Committee officially confirmed "swifter, higher and stronger" as the Olympic motto, and it was first used at the Antwerp Olympic Games in 1920. Since then, the Latin "Citius, Altius, Fortius" of the Olympic motto has appeared in various publications of the International Olympic Committee. The Olympic motto fully expresses the spirit of continuous progress and never-ending struggle advocated by the Olympic Movement. Although there are only six short words, its meaning is very rich. It not only means that we should not be afraid of strong players, dare to struggle and dare to win in competitive sports, but also encourages people to never be mediocre, full of vitality, keep forging ahead, surpass themselves and exert their potential to the limit.
The Olympic Charter points out that the Olympic spirit is the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, unity and fair competition. The Olympic spirit plays a very important guiding role in the Olympic movement. First of all, the Olympic spirit emphasizes tolerance and understanding of cultural differences. Secondly, the Olympic spirit emphasizes the fairness and justice of competitive sports. Everyone is equal, achieving higher, faster and stronger ideals. As the late jesse owens, a famous American black track and field athlete, said, "In sports, people learn not only competition, but also respect for others, life ethics, how to spend their lives and how to treat their peers".
According to the Olympic Charter, the purpose of the Olympic Movement is: "Educate young people in the Olympic spirit-in the spirit of friendship, unity and fair competition, without any discrimination, so as to contribute to the establishment of a peaceful and better world."
Olympic day
1948 065438+ 10, in the 42nd plenary session, the International Olympic Committee designated June 23rd as the Olympic Day, and held celebrations to commemorate the birth of the International Olympic Committee, publicize the Olympic ideal and promote the popularization movement. Starting from 1987, the International Olympic Committee launched the "Olympic Day Run".
medal
1896 In the modern Olympic Games held in Athens, the champion won a silver medal and a crown made of olive branches, and the runner-up won a bronze medal and a crown. This medal was carefully designed by French artist Jules Chapelain.
The second Olympic Games was held in Paris, and the competition rules stipulated that awards with "special artistic significance" should be awarded. As a result, the medals were cancelled, and 1 rectangular commemorative medals with the pattern of the brave holding an olive branch were distributed to each Olympic contestant.
In the following Olympic Games, each medal pattern design has its own style, and has not formed a fixed style. Until 1928, the Olympic Games was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The medal was designed by Professor Giuseppe Cacio, an artist from Florence, Italy. The design is a female statue holding an olive branch, which symbolizes friendship, harmony and unity. This medal is awarded not only to the athletes, but also to the winners of the art competitions held at the same time as the Olympic Games. Since then, the positive patterns of medals in previous Olympic Games have remained unchanged, only the place names and the number of sessions have changed accordingly.
holy fire
The Olympic flame first appeared at the Amsterdam Olympic Games in 1928. It was Coubertin who put forward the idea at that time, but it was limited to lighting the flame on the fountain tray near the stadium.
The lighting ceremony of the ancient Olympic Games originated from the myth that humans stole the flame from the sky in ancient Greece. In front of Zeus in Olympia, the sacred flame was lit on the altar according to religious ceremonies, and then the torch was taken to various city-states to convey the information that the Olympic Games was about to begin. The polis had to call a truce, forget hatred and war, and actively prepare for the Olympic Games. Therefore, the torch symbolizes peace, light, unity and friendship.
1920, the Antwerp Olympic Games lit the flame symbolizing peace to commemorate the end of the Great War. 1928, during the Amsterdam Olympic Games, a flame burned on a tall tower, and the fire was obtained by the Olympic Games with a condenser. 1934, the international Olympic Committee confirmed the ignition ceremony, and held the ignition ceremony in Olympia on July 20th, 1936 (Berlin Olympic Games, 1936).
mascot
In the Olympic history, mascots first appeared in 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Since then, mascots have become a major part of the image characteristics of the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee and the organizing committees of previous Olympic Games have high requirements on the design of mascots. The unveiling of mascots for each 1 Olympic Games has attracted the world's attention and become the highlight of this Olympic Games.
Judging from the artistic form of mascots, before the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, most of the Olympic mascots were based on animal images with national characteristics, usually a species. After 1992, figures or completely virtual bodies appeared in the Olympic mascots, and the figures also changed. During 1998, there were four mascots in Nagano Winter Olympics, three mascots in Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, two mascots in Athens Olympic Games in 2004 and five mascots in Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. No matter what form it takes, its basic creative core is conducive to expressing the theme of this Olympic Games, to expressing the unique regional characteristics, historical culture and humanistic characteristics of the host city, and to market development and protection.
Modern Olympic Games have produced mascots of various shapes. Every mascot is unique. They all have vibrant personalities and embody the Olympic ideal of friendship and fair competition. Mascots first played an important role in the Olympic Games in 1972 Munich Olympic Games. In the Olympic Games in recent years, the role of mascots has been strengthened. Mascots personify the value of the Olympic Games, endow it with practical shapes, and make it widely accepted by children, which is unmatched by other images in today's Olympic identification projects.
Oath oath
The Olympic oath was adopted by the International Olympic Committee in 19 13, and was formally implemented in 1920 (19 16 Olympic Games was suspended due to World War I).
Athletes: "In the name of all the athletes, for the honor of sports and the honor of our sports team, I promise to participate in this Olympic Games with true sportsmanship, promise not to use stimulants, and respect and abide by the rules guiding the competition."
Referee: "In the name of all referees and officials, I promise to perform my duties completely and openly in this Olympic Games in the true spirit of sports, and to respect and abide by the rules guiding the competition."
ceremony
opening ceremony
Opening ceremony of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games
1. The opening ceremony was announced by the chairman of the Olympic Organizing Committee. The President of the International Olympic Committee and the President of the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games greeted the head of state of the host country at the entrance of the stadium and guided him to a special seat.
2. Play or sing the national anthem of the host country.
The cultural performances at the opening ceremony will fully show the history, culture and lifestyle that the host is proud of. For example, the Beijing Olympic Games showed four great inventions, the Silk Road and martial arts, while the London Olympic Games showed the industrial revolution, the British democratic movement and pop music. The success or failure of the general opening ceremony depends largely on the effect of large-scale sports performances.
4. The delegations enter the venue in alphabetical order of the host country's language (except the delegations of Greece and the host country). According to the usual practice, the Greek delegation enters first and the host country enters last; In 2008, Beijing Olympic Games will be arranged in simplified Chinese characters, and in 20 14, Nanjing Youth Olympic Games will be arranged in French alphabetical order);
5. Speech by the President of the OCOG;
6. Speech by the IOC President;
7. The head of state of the host country declared the Olympic Games open.
8. Raise the Olympic flag and play the Olympic anthem.
9. Flag-bearers of delegations form a semicircle around the podium, and a host country athlete steps onto the podium, holding a corner of the Olympic flag in his left hand and taking an oath in his right hand;
10, a referee of the host country boarded the rostrum and took the oath in the same way;
1 1. The Olympic torch relay ran into the stadium, and the last relay athlete lit the Olympic flame and flew pigeons around the runway.
closing ceremony
1. The closing ceremony of the Olympic Games is first of all a welcoming ceremony for the President of the International Olympic Committee and the head of state of the host country.
2. To raise the national flag of the host country, generally the third pole is counted from the left of the central flagpole, and the second pole is the Olympic flag.
3. Cultural performances
4. Flag-bearers of all delegations enter the stadium in the order of the opening ceremony, with 1 column, followed by athletes' teams from various countries, and the flag-bearers form a semicircle behind the podium.
The gold medal, silver medal and bronze medal of men's marathon will be awarded by the President of the International Olympic Committee. The ceremony was initiated by the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, implying that the men's marathon, as a symbol of human strong will and perseverance, was given the highest honor and status in all Olympic events.
6. The ceremony of thanking the Olympic volunteers was the first ceremony at the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games. The athletes' representatives presented flowers to the volunteers to show their recognition and respect for their contributions to the Olympic Games.
7. Raise the Greek flag and play the Greek national anthem, usually starting from the left side of the central flagpole.
Speech by the Chairman of the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games
9. The President of the International Olympic Committee will make a closing speech. As usual, he will evaluate the Olympic Games in one sentence, declare the Olympic Games closed and invite young people from all over the world to participate in the next Olympic Games. The Olympic flag was lowered slowly and the Olympic anthem was played.
10, handover of the Olympic flag. The flag of the host country of the next Olympic Games is raised from the right flagpole. The mayor of the host city boarded the podium and handed the flag to the president of the International Olympic Committee, who then handed it to the mayor of the host city of the next Olympic Games.
1 1, 8-minute theatrical performance by the host of the next Olympic Games, initiated by the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.
12, the Olympic flame goes out.
13, Athletes' Carnival.
award ceremony
During the Olympic Games, medals shall be awarded by the president of the International Olympic Committee (or a member selected by him) accompanied by the president of the relevant international individual sports federations (or their representatives). Usually, after each competition, prizes are awarded in the following ways at the venue: the athletes who won the top three are dressed in formal clothes or sportswear and boarded the podium, facing the official seats. The champions stand higher and announce their names. The flag of the champion delegation should be raised from the central flagpole, and the flags of the second and third delegations should be raised from the flagpoles near the left and right sides of the central flagpole respectively. When playing the national anthem of the champion delegation, all medal winners should face the national flag.
Olympic Games
Olympiad is the name of the cycle that holds the Olympic Games every four years. People often call the Olympic Games the Olympic Games. The ancient Olympic Games were held in leap years, and the modern Olympic Games also followed the old system. 1894 When the International Olympic Committee was founded, it was decided to hold the modern Olympic Games, but the first Olympic Games were not held until 1896, precisely because it was a leap year. The modern Olympic Games have always followed the Olympic principles. Even if the Olympic Games can't be held as scheduled because of the war, every leap year is still counted as one. In World War II, 1940 and 1944 followed this example. After the war, the 14 session was postponed to 1948 because this year is a leap year. The title of this cycle does not apply to the Winter Olympics, and it is calculated according to the actual number of times.
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776 BC-388 AD
The above content comes from Baidu Encyclopedia. . .