I. Introduction
Building materials testing plays an important role in building materials research, technology development and enterprise production and construction. It is not only the basis and necessary means to evaluate and control the quality of building materials, but also an important measure to develop building science and technology and ensure engineering quality. With the continuous development of urban and rural construction in China. Especially after China's entry into WTO, the requirements for testing, including building materials testing, are getting higher and higher. The history of testing institutions in China is not long. It has been about 20 years since its formation, and most of them have evolved from laboratories. Mainly established in domestic professional research institutions, universities, product quality supervision departments and related large enterprises.
Second, the status quo.
According to the statistics of CNCA, the distribution, quantity and coverage of testing institutions in China are rare in the world, and there are more than 4,600 laboratories related to architecture and building materials alone. Among more than 4,600 building materials testing laboratories, only enterprise laboratories account for 40% of the total. The proportion of supervision and testing institutions only accounts for 30% of the whole industry, and the monitoring power is quite weak; Testing institutions in scientific research institutions are almost equivalent to regulatory departments, accounting for 30%. Among many laboratories, most of them have poor testing equipment, low technology content and fixed assets of less than 2 million yuan. There are even fewer laboratory operators, and most of them do not exceed 10. The annual detection income is less than 6,543,800 yuan. Excluding the cost, the profit is negligible. The positioning is not allowed to be unbalanced because the building materials testing industry has developed from the beginning to today with the emergence of affiliated institutions such as scientific research institutions and internal laboratories of large construction enterprises, and most of them are scientific research and teaching. However, the supervision and inspection rooms established in the name of quality supervision and management departments at all levels, with government color, have always been subordinate to the operation of higher authorities, and have not yet formed the concept of independent enterprise operation. However, according to international practice, without independent legal personality, testing institutions cannot serve as an independent third-party service market, especially after China's accession to the WTO. This has brought market risks and pressures to China's building materials testing institutions.
Third, the existing problems
Although the management of building materials testing institutions has been strengthened, there are still "false, chaotic, low and lacking" phenomena in the development of testing work. False, manifested in false test specimens, false processes, false data and false conclusions; Chaos, manifested in the internal management confusion of testing units, testing market order in a disorderly state; Low, manifested in the low quality of testing personnel, low level of testing technology and low level of testing management; The lack is manifested in the lack of management means and technical measures.
Fourth, there is room for improvement.
In view of the existing problems, in order to further strengthen the management of building materials inspection and improve the supervision level of building materials, it is necessary to improve the management mode of building materials inspection and improve the inspection service level, and "improve one platform, activate two places and implement the three-party responsibility". Rectify four chronic diseases, build five mechanisms and grasp the key points of "six operation nodes" in building materials testing.
1. Improve the detection information platform
Mastering information is to occupy the commanding heights of supervision. Although our city has basically completed the construction of the information management system of the detection industry, that is, the metropolitan area network, the monthly report and quick report, especially the networking and data uploading, are still not timely, and the detection information is still incomplete and inaccurate. To ensure that the detection information is timely, accurate, true and complete. To achieve the effectiveness of detection information, we can use the detection information platform to serve the supervision of building materials and improve the construction of metropolitan area network through the comparison of monthly reports, quick reports and online uploading data. Finally, the detection information should be transmitted directly through MAN in real time, and the data uploaded by MAN should be directly used for summary, analysis and judgment.
2. Activate the construction site and the test site to realize two interactions.
The construction site and the test site were originally two relatively independent sites. The description and sampling of building materials products at the construction site are jointly completed by the construction unit and the supervision unit, while the work of the testing unit is completed at the testing site, and it is only responsible for the testing results of incoming samples, which often cannot truly reflect the actual quality status of building materials products. The construction site and the inspection site should be connected with each other, from the information of building materials products on the construction site to the inspection situation on the inspection site, from the inspection conclusion on the inspection site to the state of building materials products on the construction site, so as to realize two interactions, maintain the consistency between the construction site and the inspection site, and truly reflect the quality and characteristics of building materials products.
3. Implement the tripartite responsibilities of supply, use and testing of building materials.
From witness sampling to tripartite confirmation, we must firmly grasp the building materials suppliers. Once the test conclusion is reached, the responsibilities of all parties can be confirmed in time, and the elimination of unqualified products and the warning to users can be successfully realized. Users, including construction units and supervision units, reasonably use and witness the use of qualified products, which is fundamental to ensure the quality of the project. The testing party is a testing organization, so it should ensure that the testing is objective and fair, and truly reflect the quality status of building materials products on the construction site. This is the key to ensure the engineering quality. It is necessary to give full play to the role of these three types of objects, clarify the responsibilities of all parties, and standardize the behavior of all parties, so as to effectively curb the phenomenon of false chaos in testing work.
4. Rectify the four chronic diseases, aiming at "falsehood, disorder, inferiority and lack".
After years of development and governance, the testing industry has developed rapidly, but there have also been some problems. It is necessary to firmly grasp the four chronic diseases of "falsehood, disorder, low level and lack", carry out large-scale rectification activities, show the society the determination and strength to rectify the chronic diseases, focus on analyzing the causes of the chronic diseases, and implement corresponding rectification measures and reform ideas. We will increase penalties for detection units that collectively make frauds, repeatedly make frauds, and have great social repercussions. Support the Municipal Construction Engineering Testing Association to investigate and deal with a counterfeiter, cancel one, and never pass the buck. Civil servant's home
5. Grasp six operation nodes: entrustment, verification, sampling, detection, reporting and evaluation.
The entrustment should be updated and the existing entrustment mode should be changed, and the entrustment process should be supervised by a third party; The verification should be strict, and the information of building materials products on the construction site should be verified to ensure the authenticity, accuracy and integrity of the detection information; Sampling should be scientific, a feasible sampling scheme should be made, and on-site sampling and sampling by testing institutions should be carried out to ensure that the samples can represent the quality of the matrix; The test should be standardized and operated according to the test operation rules to ensure the objective and accurate test process and test conclusion; The report should be effective, the detection information should be transmitted immediately, and the unqualified detection information should be reported in time; Evaluation should be professional, performance evaluation should be carried out, and the operation of each node should be constantly standardized and improved.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
The establishment of the quality system of building materials testing laboratories must be based on the specific conditions of their respective laboratories, in strict accordance with the requirements of GB/T 1548 1-2000 General Requirements for Testing and Calibration Laboratories and related laws and regulations, organically combine the testing processes with the standards and requirements of laws and regulations, and effectively implement them in all aspects. Under the guarantee of effective implementation of preventive measures and corrective measures, self-evaluation and continuous improvement are carried out without cycle to further improve the laboratory quality system.
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