Fans have a history of three or four thousand years in China. After thousands of years of evolution, improvement and perfection, it has developed into hundreds of fan families, but it is generally divided into two categories. Flat fan (that is, round fan, sunflower fan, wheat straw fan, tracts fan, etc.). ) cannot be folded; The two folding fans can be opened and closed freely.
Flat fan comes from barrier fan (palm fan) (fan made of bamboo, called fan in ancient times). During the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, a semi-regular instant noodle was shaped like a single door, so it became the mainstream of fans at that time. Instant noodles are made of thin bamboo strips, which are used by emperors and civilians. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was called Acacia Fan (also known as Gong Fan, Wan Fan and Tuan Fan), and its shape was still round. Albizia fan is characterized by a plain white face with the handle as the central axis, which is as symmetrical as a full moon. Ten thousand fans are made of bamboo and wood, with round or oval faces and pasted with thin silk. At that time, the Wan Fan made in the Central Plains was the most exquisite, and there was Wan Qi's theory of Chu and Zhu, that is, the Wan Fan made of Lu Si Xiang Zhu. This kind of fan was very popular in the Han Dynasty, and it was praised by poems, such as "Fan Poem" by Ban Jie. It was newly cracked neatly, fresh and clean as frost and snow, cut into acacia fans, like the bright moon, and went in and out of the arms, shaking the breeze.
After this symmetrical round fan appeared, it was used for generations and became the traditional fan type in China. In the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the circle, symmetrical sectors also included rectangle, oblate circle, square circle, plum blossom shape, sunflower shape, melon shape, waist shape and horseshoe shape ... These departments were characterized by symmetry, lightness and powerful craftsmanship.
Folding fan, called gathering fan in ancient times, or scattered fan, or folding fan, is named because its two ends can be integrated when folded.
By the Southern Song Dynasty, the production of folding fans had reached a considerable scale. Folding fans prevailed in Ming dynasty, and the emperor ordered the craftsmen in the palace to imitate Korean fans and absorb foreign crafts to promote the development of domestic fans. Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of folding fans. Expensive materials, ivory, hawksbill, chicken wing wood made of fan bones, beautifully made. Carved on the big side of ivory bones, inlaid with various patterns on the big side of mahogany and bird bones with silver thread, and inlaid with snails or Qi Diao on the big side of painted bones. The big face of the fan bone has a wishful head, a harp, mantis legs, water waves and so on. A special art form, on a fan less than a whole foot, is skillfully used and carefully laid out by Master Dan Qing, or landscapes, flowers and birds, or character dynamics are all seen from small to large, showing beauty and charm.
There are fine dust gold (rain gold), snow gold, plaid towel, hair clasp, old alum surface and clay gold surface on the fan surface, which have all become the places where painters and painters play their roles and left precious Mo Bao for future generations. Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuande of the Ming Dynasty, inscribed "Reading Pictures by Matsushita" on his fan, which was regarded as a rare treasure.
There is a Ma Yuan black paper fan for monks in the folding fan. On the fan, the Heart Sutra, Diamond Sutra and Polo Sutra are written with real gold powder, and there are related Buddhist cultural themes such as Eighteen Arhats, Guanyin, Hong Haier, Tomi Buddha and Jigong.
Fans contain rich cultural connotations. Throughout the ages, fans have an indissoluble bond with people's daily life. A small fan has not only become a beautiful handicraft with practical and aesthetic values, but also many stories, legends and anecdotes about fans, such as the closing of Su Dongpo's fan painting, the repair of the fan lane of a poor Taoist, the adventure of Yu Ying's fan falling, the fan bridge and the theme fan of Kangxi. Thousands of years of fan culture have accumulated many fan poems, fan words, fan couplets and fan puzzles. There is a close relationship between fans and stage art. There has always been a graceful fan dance, and fans can play a role in fitness. In the name of fans or with fans as the media, there are peach blossom fans, agarwood fans and banana fans. As props on the stage, fans show various props or characters on the stage. Fans have also formed a fan custom. In some rural areas in southern China, there is a custom of giving fans to each other during the Dragon Boat Festival. Fans are also used as engagement tokens.
Fans are the bond of friendship. Since the Tang Dynasty, fans have been given as gifts to neighboring countries, and ambassadors have been sent to exchange fan culture. To this day, leaders of the central government and provinces and cities use fans as gifts when they visit abroad. Fans have gradually developed into artistic appreciation, and now the artistic value of fans has been greatly improved and they have become collectors' pets.
By the Southern Song Dynasty, the production of fans had reached a considerable scale, and fans of different materials were produced in various places according to local conditions, forming a unique style in various places. There are many famous fans, such as Sichuan fans, Suzhou fans, Yuezhou fans, Austrian fans and Jinling fans, among which Hangzhou fans are the most famous.
Hangzhou fans occupy a place in the fan culture, and Hangzhou has always been the center of fan production in China. Hangzhou dishes has a long history and novel designs. According to historical records, hangzhou dishes was famous in the Northern Song Dynasty and developed in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, after the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin 'an (Hangzhou), the technology of making fans was developed, and fans became an important industry to decorate the new capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Celebrity artists and skilled craftsmen gather, and there is a fan lane more than one kilometer long in the city, which used to be the place where fan workshops and shops were concentrated. (Song and Wu's Dream records: Hang Cheng Street is bought and sold day and night, and there are all kinds of puzzles. Hangzhou dishes is as famous as silk and tea, and is known as the three wonders of Hangzhou production. )
Hangzhou Wangxingji Fan Village (the predecessor of present Wangxingji Fan Industry Co., Ltd.) is called "Fan Collection", which was founded in A.D. 1875 by Wang Xingzhai, a famous fan maker in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. He uses the Samsung trademark and works hard. He and his wife, Chen Ying, created a black paper fan with gold, clay and decals. Exquisite craftsmanship and novel colors have become the main tributes of Hangzhou. 1929, Hangzhou wangxingji black paper fan won the gold medal in the west lake Expo and spread all over the capital, so the fans in Hangzhou wangxingji fan village replaced the fans in Hangzhou.
After several storms and sorrows, Hangwang has gone through 130 years. In the process of inheritance, development and expansion, she has formed a colorful "fan kingdom" with her traditional crafts, rich varieties and high-quality brands, and has become the only comprehensive time-honored fan manufacturer in China. There are black paper fans known as "one and a half umbrellas", fragrant sandalwood fans, elegant and dignified white paper fans, exquisite silk fans, extraordinary hanging fans, graceful silk fans and dancing fans, and expensive fragrant wood fans. ...
National Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award Silver Cup Award, Golden Cup Award, Creative Design Award, National Quality Product Award, Gold and Silver Award of West Expo, Gold and Silver Award of Provincial Tourism Product Design Competition, etc ... All these awards came one after another, inspiring a generation of fans to shoulder heavy responsibilities. In the economic tide of reform and opening up, young fans will seize the opportunity, forge ahead, create new mechanisms, new systems and new varieties, so that Wang Fan, the "pearl in the art garden", will shine forever in the kingdom of art and carry forward traditional arts and crafts!