(a) Management of the surrounding environment of aquaculture
1. Control and kill pathogens. According to the onset season, the pond should be cleaned or disinfected before the fish pond is idle or the fish disease breaks out. Clean the pond. When the pond is idle, remove weeds in and around the pond, level the bottom of the pond, or use drugs. Generally, quicklime is used as medicine, and the dosage of quicklime should be sufficient. It is necessary to distinguish whether to clean the pond with water or dry cleaning, and not to clean or disinfect it with powder or a small amount of blocks. Secondly, a single drug cannot be used for disinfection, so as to avoid pathogenic bacteria producing antibodies.
2. Remove large pests from fish ponds. In Qinghai, late April to May is the season for frogs to breed and lay eggs in large numbers. Most frogs choose fish ponds to breed and lay eggs. This period is also a time when young fish in fish ponds and fish cultured in vertical ponds eat a lot. Therefore, it is necessary to set up dense mesh nets at the entrance and exit of fish ponds to fish out large pests such as frog eggs at any time. ?
3. Maintenance of fish ponds. Check the firmness of the pond bank and the leakage of the fish pond at ordinary times, and do a good job in preventing escape. The listing of fish ponds is to warn anglers not to throw away plastic bags and other sundries that pollute water quality and the environment.
4. Establish a fish pond file and keep a log. Record the catch, growth, feed and drug use of each fish pond. , especially in fishing ponds, record the fish caught and put in every day in order to sum up experience and improve work.
(B) Investment management
1. diversification. It is necessary to grasp the dynamic information of the market in time and choose varieties according to the local geographical and climatic conditions and fish pond conditions, instead of rushing headlong into it. When introducing varieties, consult local aquatic technicians, master the epidemic situation in the introduced area, quarantine and disinfect the introduced varieties, and then put them into the temporary breeding pond for observation before they can be released into the pond in time.
2. hello. Most farmers who fish in fish ponds do not pay attention to feeding, forming an extensive concept, which leads to fish emaciation, disease attack and fish quality decline. Secondly, in order to save feed cost, farmers feed spoiled, spoiled and low-priced feed or single nutrition: "a handful of bran and a handful of flour". Therefore, whether it is a fish pond or a fish pond, it is necessary to feed the feed with nutrition that fully meets the growth needs of fish at this stage according to the "four decisions". Thirdly, plankton can't be cultured alone before and after the fry enter the pond. The combination of plankton culture and palatable artificial feeding should be adopted to create a good environment for the full growth of the fry.
3. Fish medicine cannot be used blindly. According to the characteristics of drugs, breeding objects, water environment, weather and other conditions, drugs should be used rationally to improve and protect the environment with environmentally friendly drugs. Insecticides should be targeted, and pesticides should not be abused, so as not to stimulate sick fish and aggravate the condition. When killing insects, we should try to avoid using drugs with great toxic side effects, such as copper sulfate and trichlorfon, and choose drugs with mild medication and little side effects on fish and water, so as to reduce the stimulation to fish and protect the water quality of fish ponds. The regular feeding amount should be accurate, generally requiring 30? Eat it in 45 minutes. Disinfection drugs for external use in food fields should be sprinkled evenly, and more pathogenic bacteria can be sprinkled around food fields and near pools. In the hot season when fulminant diseases are prevalent, the dosage of 1/5 ~ 1/6 mu of medicine can be taken regularly around the feeding ground in the fish pond, and then it is scattered in the feeding area after stirring, and then the fish are fed for medicinal bath. In severe cases, the frequency of medication can be increased, and fish can take drugs orally. Avoid splashing pesticides and disinfectants together to treat fish diseases.
(3) Management of feeding objects
1. Plan the production plan of each fish pond in winter, make the purchase plan of fish medicine, feed and fry in the following spring, select the fry farm in the early spring, and do a good job in fry transportation.
2. In early spring, carefully observe the local water temperature and fish activities and make a food plan. In windy and warm weather, the water temperature reaches 5? At this time, some pig manure, distiller's grains, bean cakes or vegetable cakes should be properly fed to raise the water temperature and meet the feeding requirements of overwintering fish. With the increase of water temperature, a small amount of concentrated feed should be fed to help restore the fish's physique, and some antibacterial drugs should be added to the feed according to the specific situation to prevent diseases. We should also guard against the cold in spring. In Qinghai, fry usually enter the pond in late April. When they enter the pond, they should pay attention to the local weather changes to prevent sudden changes in the weather, resulting in drastic changes in temperature and large fluctuations in water temperature, leading to frostbite of fry.
3. Make the plan of drawing nets for fry and the plan of dividing ponds and merging ponds in time to improve the yield per unit area. Reasonable arrangement of feeding density according to the situation of fish ponds, pulling nets to exercise the growing fish, checking the growth and health status of fish, adjusting the specifications of fish, raising small fish with big fish, and screening fish of different sizes in time to promote the growth of small fish. For fish ponds with too large or too small feeding density, when the ponds are divided or merged as planned, the fish should be strictly screened, the fish that are about to enter the pond should be examined for illness and injury, and the fish should be disinfected and put into temporary ponds for feeding. It is forbidden to enter the fish pond with illness.
(4) Management of export products
Do a good job in product quarantine
Conscientiously implement the relevant provisions of the Fisheries Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Measures for the Administration of Aquatic fry. Before the sale of aquatic fry and aquatic products, they should report to the local fishery department for quarantine, and only after passing the quarantine can they be sold and transported.