Farmers who have no land or little land have to rely on labor to rent land or work hard as domestic helpers all the year round to support their families. In case of disaster or accident, they have to pawn their property or even sell their children to pay their debts, and their families are ruined. Landlords take advantage of their large amount of land to hire employees and loan sharks.
In the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), the first county was liberated, and after the establishment of the democratic revolutionary regime, the "rent reduction and interest reduction" were implemented one after another, which abolished all the extra exploitation of landlords and improved the production and living conditions of farmers accordingly. 1952 In May, jieshou city carried out land reform (the former county carried out suburban, Guangwu, Taomiao, Hongzhuang and Brick Gathering), and the land reform task was completed at the end of July. Of the 1529 households in the city, 123 households were designated as landlords, with 3,743.5 mu of land confiscated, 702 mu of land expropriated, 65 livestock confiscated, 139 farm tools confiscated, houses 1997 confiscated and 5,044 kilograms of grain confiscated. There are 477 poor farm labourers with 2447 people, with land of 354 1.65 mu, per capita 1.44 mu. The government issued land certificates to landowners, completely abolished the feudal land ownership for thousands of years, and realized the individual ownership of farmers with "land to the tiller". The annual output value of agriculture increased from 13326400 yuan in 1950 to 13763900 yuan.
After the end of land reform, farmers have their own land, but when developing agricultural production, due to the shortage of capital, farm animals and farm tools, their ability to resist natural disasters is limited, especially among poor and middle peasants. In order to prevent poor middle peasants from falling back into usury, pawning property and selling land, resulting in polarization, China Jieshou Municipal Party Committee and Government decided to rely on poor middle peasants on the basis of land reform, adhere to the principles of voluntary mutual benefit, typical demonstration and state assistance, and guide farmers to take the road of mutual assistance and cooperation. At the end of 1952, on the basis of last year's 14 temporary mutual aid groups, 25 1 perennial mutual aid groups and 32 1 temporary mutual aid groups were organized. Land management is independent, with industry replacing livestock and mutual benefit. Due to the lack of leadership experience, the mutual aid group established cannot stand the test of natural disasters. By September of 1953, the number of 8579 farmers in the group had decreased by 36.2%. After rectification and education, they embarked on the road of mutual assistance, cooperation and healthy development. The county's total grain output is 85,828,500 kg, the per capita grain output is 279 kg, and the agricultural output value is1446,300 yuan.
In the steady development of mutual aid and cooperation, some perennial mutual aid groups began to try out primary agricultural production cooperatives (hereinafter referred to as primary cooperatives) characterized by unified planning and management of land ownership unchanged. Zhangyingsan Primary Cooperative in Zhangzhuang Village, Jieshou Town was successfully established in June 1953. Later, grass-roots cooperatives such as the founding of the People's Republic of China in Jieshou Town, Guo Huachang in Sangshu Township, Zhang Guoxing in Shenhu Township, Rongmiao Township, Lizhuang, an old household in brick-collecting area, and Wangnanhu Village were established one after another. 1954, there were 56 primary cooperatives, 337 households/kloc-0, 570 perennial mutual aid groups and 473 temporary mutual aid groups1in the county. By 1955, there were 739 primary cooperatives, with 6241/farmers, accounting for 36.5% of the total number of agricultural households, and the agricultural output value increased to 2 104800 yuan. With the improvement of the production level of primary cooperatives, farmers' lives have been further improved, and a number of means of production have been added one after another, which has made them more enthusiastic about production.
Senior Agricultural Production Cooperatives 1955 * * After the central government's resolution on agricultural cooperation was issued, the county party committee and county people designated Sangshu Township to set up the first senior agricultural production cooperative (hereinafter referred to as the senior cooperative)-the new senior cooperative. Farmers (called members) voluntarily join cooperatives, which are collectively owned, and the original land share dividends are cancelled. Income is scored according to labor attendance and job evaluation. The means of production are priced into cooperatives (excluding small farm tools), and scattered trees in front of and behind the house are still owned by farmers. /kloc-in the spring of 0/956, 9 advanced cooperatives were tried out in each district, with 5,495 farmers and 55,686 mu of land. At the turn of summer and autumn, the county suffered a once-in-a-century flood, and poor households were dissatisfied with the grain distribution. After autumn, some farmers quit the cooperative. During the winter slack season, the party's principles and policies for running cooperatives were widely publicized, and the whole cooperative movement was carried out, which consolidated the achievements of advanced cooperatives. 1March, 957, there were 34 advanced cooperatives in the county, and 60,290 farmers joined the cooperatives, accounting for 83.3% of the total number of farmers. In the case of father and son's persuasion, couples, businessmen and primary cooperatives sent representatives to apply for transfer to senior cooperatives, and 28 primary cooperatives merged into 10 senior cooperatives. In the same period, 4 10 individual farmers joined the cooperatives. At the end of the year, there were 44 advanced cooperatives in the county, and 72,775 farmers joined the cooperatives, accounting for 98.5% of the total number of farmers. In less than three years, the land owned by individual farmers has been completely transformed into collective ownership by socialist working people. 1957 agricultural output value 16750800 yuan.
The People's Commune was founded in August 1958. Under the single ownership of the means of production (including land), there have been such practices as "production wind", "exaggeration wind", "blind command", "high index", "high requisition" and "satellite release", which have led to the inefficiency of the team, the destruction of agricultural production and the decline of production level. 1958 The per capita grain output was only 199.5 kg. Compared with the per capita grain output of 1957 of 329.6438+07 kg, it is less than 129.67 kg, so it is difficult for members to maintain food and clothing normally. 1960 total agricultural output value 1006 1700 yuan, with an agricultural output value of 8,995,400 yuan. After the spring rectification movement of 196 1, the "five winds" were basically corrected. In the county, the responsibility farmland system of "fixed production to the team, guaranteed production to the field and responsibility to the household" was first piloted in the Wadang Brigade of Qianjin Commune, and then implemented throughout the county. Agricultural production has rebounded, and the agricultural output value has reached1220,200 yuan. The responsibility farmland system of 1962 was criticized and corrected. The total agricultural output value in 1965 was 23.9693 million yuan, and the agricultural output value increased from 6.8279 million yuan in 1963 to 2 1584500 yuan.
1968, the "Agricultural Dazhai" campaign was widely carried out throughout the county, and members' private plots (also known as vegetable plots) were reclaimed or reduced, household sideline businesses were cancelled or restricted, and a few village teams basically prohibited raising livestock and poultry. The mode of operation is single, the proportion of agricultural internal structure is out of balance, the enthusiasm of members for production cannot be exerted, and production is stagnant. During this period, only farmland water conservancy construction has made progress. Such as dredging and removing obstacles, repairing bridges and culverts, building motorized irrigation stations and drilling motorized wells. 1970, the total agricultural output value was 3663 1.5 million yuan, and the agricultural output value was 3 1.2869 million yuan. 1975 The total agricultural output value is 35.04 million yuan, and the agricultural output value is 29.2642 million yuan.
1978 1988 * * The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held in the middle of the year, and the household contract responsibility system was implemented in February of the following year. 1980 was opened in the county. Due to the implementation of the contract responsibility system, that is, the production team separates the ownership and management rights of land and means of production, and contracts the annual general contracting tasks (agricultural tax, grain purchase, etc.). ) according to the proportion of labor to households. The responsibility lies with people, and the contractor directly arranges production according to market demand under the guidance of the national plan, which realizes the combination of responsibility and rights, the enthusiasm of farmers for production is unprecedented, the level of agricultural production is rapidly improved, and the problem of food and clothing is basically solved. The annual agricultural output value was 57,083,700 yuan and 42,724,400 yuan. 1982 the household contract responsibility system was further consolidated, improved and developed. 1983 Revocation of people's communes and restoration of district, township (town) and village organizational systems. In agricultural production, the household contract responsibility system will continue to be implemented, and the contractor "gives enough to the country, leaves enough to the collective, and the rest is all himself", which makes traditional agricultural production more in line with the existing production conditions and presents an unprecedented prosperity. By 1985, the total grain output178,304 tons, the total agricultural output136.48 million yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers was 288 yuan.
1952 During the land reform in the municipal area, more than 30 mu of land owned by the whole people was left to Jieshou Middle School, Public Security Bureau Labor Camp, Farm and other units (1953). With the change of administrative divisions, Taihe and Linquan counties were included in the land owned by the whole people 1000 mu, and agricultural stations were built one after another. There are Niemazhuang Farm and Grape Farm in the north of the county, county gardening farm and nursery farm in the middle, and state-owned local farms (stations) such as potato seed farm, Taozhuanghu farm, fry farm and livestock and poultry improvement station in the south. Later, with the development of industry and agriculture, water conservancy, transportation and other departments successively purchased land owned by the whole people. According to the census of 1983, the county owns 7357.20 mu of land, including 2688 mu of cultivated land, 4 mu of woodland, and 272.5 mu of traffic land.
With mild climate and abundant products, Jieshou is a national production base for high-quality wheat, high-quality cotton, high-quality goats and high-quality cattle. By 2009, jieshou city has become the main producing area of grain, cotton, oil and meat in Anhui Province. There are abundant local specialties, such as "Lv Changming" beef, "Hongliang" smoked chicken and halal beef jerky, which are famous both inside and outside the province. The deep processing of agricultural and sideline products has unique resource advantages.
By the end of 20 12, the total annual grain output was 392,000 tons, up by 4.3%. Orderly carry out the pilot registration of rural land contractual management rights, increase the number of land transfer households and expand the transfer area. The implementation of 2200 mu modern agricultural demonstration park, rural highway construction, rural safe drinking water project, rural biogas project, rural dangerous house renovation and other projects has improved farmers' production and living conditions. 1947 after the liberation of Jietou, due to the influence of wars and natural disasters in the past, private industrial production, mainly manual workshops, was very depressed, and many enterprises were in jeopardy and in a depression. In order to protect and develop private industries, the municipal democratic government issued low-interest loans of 728,200 yuan (30 yuan RMB) to private enterprises such as oil mills, restaurants, cigarette making, paper making, leather, towels, soaps, wood shops and blacksmiths, which enabled 63 factories and enterprises to resume production. By the end of 1949, China's private industry had developed, with 12 cigarette factories, 2/kloc-0 lithographs, 53 wineries and 17 weaving factories. 1950, there were 6 large-scale private factories in the city, among which the largest new iron works, with fixed capital 1 00000 yuan (the same as the currency at that time) and working capital of 6.4 million yuan, had two beds and1milling machine (all human resources), and could produce cotton beating machines and various spare parts.
1949, a liquor factory was built in jieshou city, which was the first state-owned industrial factory in this county. From 1958 to 196 1, state-owned industries experienced ups and downs, and some industrial factories jointly operated by public-private partnerships, collective enterprises and joint ventures were once transferred to local state-owned enterprises. 196 1 industry dismounted, and all the public-private partnerships, collective operations and joint operations that were originally transformed into state-owned industries withdrew from state-owned industries.
195 1 year, the private handicraft industry is gradually transformed into a public-private partnership. 1955 When the Handicraft Association was established, private and public-private partnerships were further transformed into joint ventures, with 20 units under its jurisdiction, namely Democratic Iron Society, Woodware Society, Clothing Society, Bamboo Weaving Society, Cloth Shoes Society, Cotton Weaving Society, Sanhe Society, Chemical Society, Brush Society, Printing Society, Repair Society, Stone Mill Society, Ceramic Society and Mafang Society. From 65438 to 0956, it developed into 26 social groups, most of which were collectives. During the Great Leap Forward, these collective handicraft cooperatives (groups) were all transformed into local state-owned enterprises at one time. 196 1 year, the industry was demolished, and the handicraft society (group) originally transformed into a state-owned enterprise still belongs to the collective nature.
From 1953 to 1958, the general line of socialist construction in the transitional period was implemented, and "one integration and three transformations" were carried out. Individual craftsmen are merged into public-private partnership, joint venture and collective operation respectively. Before 1965, some rural individual handicrafts emerged, such as rhubarb bamboo weaving, pottery making in Weiyao and so on. After 1967, the handicraft industry was dying again.
1963 agricultural harvest, state-owned industries improved. The annual output value of four state-owned enterprises, namely, liquor factory, agricultural machinery repair shop, printing house and power plant, totaled 899,200 yuan, and the profit was1630,000 yuan. 1966 After the Cultural Revolution began, industrial production was basically in a state of chaos and paralysis. From 65438 to 0978, state-owned industries developed. By 1984, * * owned 8 state-owned enterprises/kloc-0, with a total output value of 44.55 million yuan and a profit of 3.406 million yuan. 18 state-owned enterprises 1985, with 2,728 employees, with an annual output value of 34.532 million yuan, accounting for 20.6% of the county's total industrial output value and a profit of 3.362 million yuan.
1965 There were 7 collective enterprises 17, with 376 employees, with an annual output value of1200,700 yuan. 1970, there were 59 collective enterprises in the county with 670 employees, with an annual output value of 3,709,200 yuan. 1976 There are 84 collective enterprises with 6 1 18 employees, with an annual output value of 13608500 yuan.
From 65438 to 0978, with the opening of the market, the private handicraft industry was revived. 198 1 year, there are 20 individual handicrafts registered and licensed nationwide with 20 employees, with an annual turnover of 10600 yuan. Handmade workshops, kilns, pottery-making and weaving in rural areas also came into being.
After 1980, collective industrial enterprises developed rapidly. By 1985 * *, there are 45 collective enterprises with 38 employees, with a total output value of 80.436 million yuan, accounting for 47.9% of the total industrial output value, which is 10 times of 1976.
1On August 27th, 983, the "Self-employed Association" in Jieshou County was established, with 3 handicraft representatives. At the end of the year, there were 1 17 households with 152 employees, with capital of 52,600 yuan and annual turnover of 64,200 yuan. 1985, the individual handicraft industry developed rapidly. At the end of the year, there were 339 individual handicrafts with 600 employees, with a capital of 300,000 yuan and an annual turnover of 18 1 10,000 yuan.
By 2009, the GDP of jieshou city reached 5.729 billion yuan, an increase of 15.0% over the previous year. Among them, the industrial added value was 2.243 billion yuan, up by 32.8%. The city has formed a production system of more than 20 industries and more than 2,000 varieties, with 32 national and provincial brand products. The six pillar industries of medicine, plastics and chemicals, textile and shoemaking, food brewing, machinery manufacturing and non-ferrous metal smelting have obvious advantages, and a number of well-known products are well-known throughout the country. Industry accounts for more than 40% of GDP and contributes about 70% to finance and economy. Formed a "one park and four districts"-municipal industrial park, recycled lead industrial park, recycled plastic industrial park, recycled copper-aluminum industrial park and recycled rope net industrial park. Full of vitality and great development potential. Become a gathering place of characteristic industries and a "first city business card" to highlight the development of circular economy. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the commerce of the three towns flourished. There are 77 streets in the city, with shops, shops and stalls. Engaged in salt industry, grain industry, cloth industry, grocery industry, bamboo wood industry, mountain kiln industry, service industry and so on. ***650. The business varieties include Beijing-Guangzhou groceries, stationery, hardware, pigments, Chinese and western medicinal materials, chestnut charcoal, coke, bamboo kiln, cotton gauze, tobacco, salt, sugar, soybeans, sesame oil, cattle and sheep, leather pieces and so on. The annual trade volume in 1944 was 880 million yuan, and the tax revenue increased from 1 10,000 yuan in 1939 to 1 100 million yuan in 1944.
1945 after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, most businessmen returned to China with capital, and the business in the first place was rapidly depressed. On the eve of 1947, there were more than 100 private enterprises in the city, mainly engaged in local products and mountain products.
After the founding of New China, the commercial operation of the market is still dominated by private enterprises. 1953 private enterprises in the city 1042, and the total retail sales of social goods in the whole year was 4 172600 yuan, accounting for 44% of the total retail sales in the city. From 65438 to 0956, the county completed the socialist transformation of private industry and commerce, and private commerce basically disappeared.
During the 65438+early 1960s, due to the influence of natural disasters for three years, commodities were scarce, supply and demand were tight, and private businesses were underdeveloped. Until 1963, the agricultural harvest was good, and a few businessmen and small traders who had withdrawn from state-owned commerce returned to the market. During the Cultural Revolution, individual merchants were restricted, and individual merchants in urban and rural areas closed down.
After 1979, with the development of industrial and agricultural production, the party and the people's government adopted the policy of supporting individual industrial and commercial households, and at the same time implemented the policy of "widening employment opportunities and solving urban employment", and the number of people engaged in commercial activities increased. By 198 1, there are individual industrial and commercial households in the county 1707, engaged in repair, service, technology, catering, small commodity retail, transportation and other industries. The annual turnover is 4 1.98 million yuan. 1982 the market was further opened and invigorated, and individual merchants in rural areas rose. At the end of the year, there were 880 individual merchants/kloc-0, with capital 1039700 yuan and annual turnover of 7.543 million yuan. 1983, the first meeting of the self-employed workers' association was held in the county, and 146 representatives were elected, including 90 representatives of individual merchants, accounting for 6 1.6%. From 65438 to 0985, individual merchants spread all over the country, with 4486 merchants and 6942 employees, with a capital of 4.54 million yuan and an annual turnover of 37.94 million yuan.
By 2009, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in the city was 21.28 billion yuan, an increase of 1.9%.
By 2003, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in the city reached 3.3 billion yuan, an increase of 16% over the previous year. The total import and export volume reached $654.38+0.8 billion, an increase of 32.3%; From the category of export products, condiments, fishing gear and textile furniture are the main supports to promote the rapid growth of exports.