1. Components of the construction drawing: The first step in structural design is to understand the construction drawing. Architectural specialty is the leader of the whole architectural design, and there is no other specialty in architectural design, so it is particularly important to understand the construction drawing. Construction drawings generally include the following parts: drawing catalogue, door and window table, general description of architectural design, floor plan from the first floor to the roof, front elevation, rear elevation, east elevation, west elevation, section drawing (depending on the situation, there are several), node detail drawing, door and window detail drawing, stair detail drawing (there may be multiple stairs and elevators according to different functions). As a structural designer, we must carefully organize the architectural drawings. If you don't understand it, you need to ask other majors involved in architecture and architectural drawing to build it, so that you can absolutely understand the design concept and intention of the building.
2. Drawing catalogue and door and window table: Drawing catalogue is a catalogue to understand the overall situation of the whole building design, from which you can clearly understand the number of drawings, drawing size and engineering number, as well as the main functions of building units and the whole building. If the drawing catalogue is different from the actual drawing, it must be checked with the building. Everyone is familiar with the door and window table, that is, the door and window number, door and window size and practice, which are essential for everyone to calculate the load in the structure.
3. General description of architectural design: The general description of architectural design is very important for structural design, because many practices and data to be used in structural design will be mentioned in the general description of architectural design, such as: the location of the building (used to determine the fortification degree and wind and snow load in the structure), the elevation of the Yellow Sea (used to calculate the foundation size and the elevation of the top of buried piles, etc.). Without it, it is impossible to construct), walls, floors, floors, etc.
4. Building plan: Building plan is more intuitive. The main information is column network layout, functional wall layout of each floor, door and window layout and stair position. The first floor plan is not needed in the modeling of superstructure. If you look at the building plan and understand the functions of various parts of the building, you can basically get the value of the live load in the structure. If you know the layout of the column network and the doors and windows of the wall, the size of the column section, the height of the beams and the arrangement of the beams are almost the same. There must be a beam under the wall anyway. Unless it is cut off by Party A, it is best to stand on the beam. It is worth mentioning that you should pay attention to the roof plan. Usually, the facade effect of modern buildings has a layered framework, which is usually very complicated. It is necessary to understand the concept of architecture carefully. If necessary, consult the building or ask for the renderings, and try to make yourself understand what the three-dimensional composition of the whole frame looks like, so that you won't make mistakes ... In addition, you should know whether the structure is looking for a slope or the building is looking for a slope.
5. Building facade: Building facade describes the building facade, mainly the appearance effect. The information provided to architects is mainly the facade layout, door and window facade layout, as well as the facade decoration materials and concave-convex changes. Usually, the connecting line is the surface change, and then the height and other information, which is also the data that plays a decisive role in the structural load.
6. Architectural profile: The function of architectural profile is to cut off the parts that cannot be clearly expressed in the plan and elevation to express the architect's treatment of the interior of the building. Structural engineers can obtain more accurate height information and local height variation in the contour. Profile information directly determines the sinking or lifting of beams relative to floor elevation, or staggered beams, sandwich beams, short columns, etc. At the same time, there is a clear concept whether the frame beam acts as a lintel or needs to be set up separately.
7. Details of nodes and doors and windows: In order to express the practices of various parts of the building more clearly and let the builders understand their design intentions, architects need to draw the details of nodes with complex structures to illustrate the detailed practices. They should not only further understand the architect's ideas through the node diagram, but also analyze whether the node drawing method is reasonable and can be realized in the structure, and then check whether the size of each component is enough through calculation and allocate steel bars. Of course, some nodes do not need the reinforcement of the architect, but the architect also needs to determine whether the node can be realized in the whole structure. The details of doors and windows are not very important to the structural engineer, but for some special doors and windows, the structural engineer must draw the lintel layout on the facade, so that the construction workers can have a clear approach to this special shape lintel and avoid the mistakes of the construction workers in understanding.
8. Stairs details: Stairs are an indispensable part and a very important part of every multi-storey building. Stair details are divided into floor plan and stair outline. Architects also need to carefully analyze the composition of each part of the stairs, whether it can form a whole. When calculating stairs, the stair detail drawing is the only basis, and all calculated data are the obtained stair detail drawing. Therefore, when viewing the stair details, the ladder beam must also be