Catalogue of national professional standards
"People's Republic of China (PRC) Occupational Classification Ceremony" divides China's occupations into 8 categories, 66 middle categories, 4 13 subcategories and 1838 subcategories (occupations). These eight categories are:
The first category: heads of state organs, party and mass organizations, enterprises and institutions, including 5 middle categories, 16 subcategories and 25 subcategories;
Category II: professional technicians, interior decoration designers and human resource managers, including 14 medium category, 1 15 small category and 379 fine category;
The third category: clerks and related personnel, including 4 middle categories, 12 subclasses and 45 subclasses;
Secretary * Customs officer * Computer operator * Cartographer * Operator *
User communication terminal repairman *
The fourth category: business and service employees, including 8 middle categories, 43 subclasses, 147 subclasses;
Salesman * Jewelry Salesman Real Estate Salesman
Subscriber communication terminal salesman * publication publisher *
Clothing model buyers, agricultural and sideline products buyers, Chinese medicine buyers and sellers *
Appraiser * Chinese Medicine Dispenser * Pharmaceutical Commodity Buyer * Refrigerator *
China chef * China pastry chef * Western chef * Western pastry chef *
Bartender * Tea Artist, Nutrition Caterer * Restaurant Waiter * Front Desk Waiter *
Room attendant * flower arranging teacher, social sports instructor, health care teacher *
* * * Professional Tutor * Psychological Counselor * Property Manager *
Boiler operator * beautician * barber * photographer * printer
Optometrist * bystander * home electronics repairman *
Household appliance repairman * photographic equipment repairman * watch repairman *
Office equipment repairman * nurse * domestic servant * elderly care worker *
E-commerce department
The fifth category: agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy producers, including 6 middle categories and 30 subcategories, 12 1 subcategory;
Fungal gardeners, cotton processors, animal disease controllers *
Animal Quarantine Officer * Biogas Producer *
Category VI: production and transportation equipment operators and related personnel, including 27 middle categories, 195 subcategory,119 subcategory;
Anti-corrosion worker * lathe worker * milling worker * grinder * boring worker * machining center operator *
Modular Machine Tool Operator * Caster * Forger * Metal Heat Treatment Worker * Welder *
Cold working sheet metal worker * painter * assembler * tool assembler *
Boiler equipment assembler * motor assembler * high and low voltage electrical assembler *
Wire and cable manufacturers and electronic instrument assemblers *
Electrical instrument assembler * mechanical assembler * automobile mechanic *
Motorcycle repairman * Precision instrument repairman * Boiler equipment installer *
Substation equipment installer * electrician on duty in substation and distribution room, general motor repairman.
Maintenance electrician * computer repairman * Andhadhun * manual carpenter *
Fine carpentry * precious metal jewelry craftsman * decorative artist
Earth-moving machinery operator * Masonry * Concrete worker * Steel worker *
Scaffolder * Waterproof worker * Decoration worker * Electrical equipment installer *
Plumber * Car driver * Lifting and handling machinery operator *
Chemical inspector * food inspector * tea critic * textile fiber inspector *
Cotton inspector precious metal jewelry diamond gem inspector *
Seventh category: soldiers, including 1 medium category, 1 minor category, 1 fine category;
Eighth category: other employees who are inconvenient to classify, including 1 medium category, 1 small category, 1 fine category.
{Occupation (type of work) marked with "*" is employment access }...& gt& gt
Who are the skilled workers?
The Labor Law, the Vocational Education Law and the Provisions of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security on Recruiting Skilled Workers stipulate that workers engaged in occupations (jobs) with complex technology and wide versatility, which involve state property, people's life safety and consumers' interests, must undergo training and obtain professional qualification certificates before they can take up their jobs.
The first category, operators of production and transportation equipment. Specifically: lathe workers, milling workers, grinder workers, boring workers, modular machine tool workers, machining center workers, casting workers, forging workers, welders, metal heat treatment workers, cold-working sheet metal workers, painting workers, assembly workers, tool assemblers, boiler equipment assemblers, motor assemblers, high and low voltage electrical equipment assemblers, electrical instrument assemblers, machine assemblers, and auto repairmen. Maintenance electrician, computer repairman, manual carpenter, joiner, Andhadhun, precious metal jewelry craftsman, earthwork mechanic, masonry worker, concrete worker, steel bar worker, scaffolder, waterproof worker, decoration worker, electrical equipment installer, plumber, automobile driver, lifting and unloading mechanic, chemical inspector, food inspector, textile fiber inspector, precious metal jewelry diamond inspector, etc.
The second category is agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy producers. Specifically: animal disease prevention and control personnel, animal quarantine officers, biogas producers.
The third category, business and service personnel. Specifically: salespersons, salesmen, publication distributors, Chinese medicine traders, appraisers, medical commodity traders, Chinese medicine dispensers, cold storage workers, Chinese food chefs, Chinese pastry chefs, Western food chefs, bartenders, nutrition caterers, front desk attendants, room attendants, health care teachers, professional instructors, property managers and boiler operators.
The fourth category, office workers and related personnel. Specifically: secretary, customs broker, computer operator, cartographer, telephone operator, user communication terminal maintainer.
What social groups does the working class in China include? Specific point
The working class in China includes: 1, industrial workers, such as workers in manufacturing, construction and transportation industries; 2. Workers (staff) of organs, institutions and commercial units; 3. Most of them are working-class intellectuals and working people themselves, so they can be said to be part of the working class (1978); 4. According to relevant data, at present, the total number of migrant workers in China is 200-300 million, of which urban migrant workers should be 65.438+0.4 billion. Migrant workers have become the main body of the working class.
Working class (also known as working class, working class, etc. ); English: working class) is usually used to express social status and social class. At any time, the proportion of this class in society is the highest, but with the development of economy, this proportion is decreasing, and generally it is mainly industrial workers.
Marxism holds that the working class (that is, the proletariat) is a class that sells labor (including physical strength and mental strength), does not own the means of production and tools of production, and most of the fruits of labor are exploited by the bourgeoisie, creating great wealth for society, including most manual workers and mental workers.
In this way, farmers are naturally not in the ranks of the working class, because farmers have some means of production (except farm farmers), and private owners and individual owners can certainly not be included in the ranks of the working class. Even migrant workers who live in the vegetable market cannot be included in the ranks of the working class. With such a division, the rich and the poor in socialist society are not classes other than the working class and the working class, but are very muddy and unclear. It can be seen that if the working class is defined mechanically according to Marxism, then we can't discuss the issues of socialism and prosperity.
In view of the above reasons, we adopt "the working class is the working class, working class, etc."; So defined, there are two classes in socialist society: the working class and the non-working class. All those who take part in socialist labor are working-class people, and all those who do not take part in socialist labor are not working-class people (of course, excluding statutory retirees, sick leave personnel and children who have not reached the legal working age).
Second, the three extensions of the connotation of China's working class.
The first extension: cadres and workers belong to the working class. After the socialist transformation of private ownership is completed, China has entered a socialist society, and the social and economic structure has gradually become single, with only the economy under ownership by the whole people and the economy under collective ownership, and the relative and absolute number of the working class has further expanded. At the same time, great changes have taken place in social strata. The petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie gradually disappeared, leaving only the working class, the peasant class and the intellectual class in China, forming a social structure of "two classes and one class".
The internal composition of the working class is increasingly rich, and the management is no longer independent, but has become an integral part of the working class. Accordingly, the inner stratum of the working class in this period was divided into two political identities: cadres and workers. The identity of "workers" disappeared, the boundary between workers and workers was broken, and the "workers' congress" of enterprises, institutions and institutions was renamed as a trade union.
The second extension: the orientation of intellectual class has experienced a tortuous process in how to understand the class attribute of intellectuals.
1March, 949, * * * analyzed the position and role of intellectuals in the report of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and held that: "The people's democratic dictatorship led by the proletariat based on the alliance of workers and peasants requires our party to seriously unite all working classes, all peasant classes and the vast number of revolutionary intellectuals, who are the leading and basic forces of this dictatorship. Without this unity, this dictatorship cannot be consolidated. " During the same period, * * * became more clear that teachers, journalists, actors and other cultural and educational workers "are all hired laborers" and should be included in the working class; Engineers, technicians and other employees are all "hired laborers", engaged in "mental work" and "part of the working class". 1956 1 month, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhou Enlai put forward the conclusion that "the vast majority of intellectuals have served socialism and are already part of the working class".
However, with China's political and ideological field gradually entering the track of "taking class struggle as the key link", the "Left" errors about the class attribute of intellectuals are developing constantly. In particular, the National Conference on Education in 197 1 put forward "two basic estimates": the education front is "black line dictatorship" and most intellectuals are "bourgeois intellectuals", which extends to the whole intellectual class. In the meantime, throughout ... >>
Who are the workers in special industries?
Definition of special operations: Article 23 of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Work Safety stipulates that the scope of special operations personnel shall be determined by the work safety supervision and management department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council. According to the Opinions on Safety Technology Training and Assessment of Special Operators issued by state administration of work safety and State Administration of Coal Mine Safety on February 28th, 2002 (Safety Supervision Word 2002 124), Article 2 of the document stipulates that special operations refer to operations that are prone to casualties and may cause great harm to the safety of operators, others and surrounding facilities. Personnel directly engaged in special operations are called special operations personnel. Because special operations have different risk factors, it is easy to damage the safety and health of operators, so it is necessary to take necessary safety protection measures for special operations, including technical measures, health care measures and organizational measures. According to the Labor Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and relevant safety and health laws and regulations, employees engaged in special operations must receive special safety technical training in accordance with relevant regulations, and can only operate independently after passing the examination by relevant authorities and obtaining an operation certificate or driver's license. [Edit this paragraph] Scope (1) Electrical work. Including power generation, transmission, substation, electrician, electrical equipment installation, operation, maintenance (maintenance) and testing personnel, mine electrical assembler. (2) Metal welding and cutting operations. Including welders and cutters. (3) Operation of hoisting machinery (including elevator). Including crane (including elevator) drivers, cable workers, signal conductors and installation and maintenance workers. (4) driving an enterprise motor vehicle. Including drivers of all kinds of motor vehicles driving in production and operation areas and construction sites such as docks and freight yards of enterprises. (5) Climbing and erection work. Including erection, demolition and maintenance workers who climb more than 2 meters, surface cleaning workers of high-rise buildings (structures), (6) boiler operation (including water quality test). Including pressure boiler operators and boiler water quality testers. (7) Pressure vessel operation. Including pressure vessel canning workers, inspection workers, transport escorts and large air compressor operators. (8) Refrigeration operation. Including refrigeration equipment installers, operators and maintenance workers. (9) Blasting operation. Including ground engineering blasting and underground blasting workers. (10) Mine ventilation operation. Including main fan operators, gas extraction workers, ventilation safety monitoring workers, wind and dust measurement workers. (1 1) Mine drainage operation. Including mine main drainage pump workers and tailings dam workers. (12) Mine safety inspection. Including safety inspectors, gas inspectors and explosion-proof inspectors of electrical equipment. (13) mine hoisting transportation operation. Including winch worker, winch worker (going up and down the mountain), belt fixing mechanic, signal worker and can (hook) worker. (14) mining (stripping) operation. Including shearer drivers, roadheader drivers, rock harrow drivers and rock drill drivers. (15) Mine rescue operation. (16) handling of dangerous goods. Operators, transport escorts and storekeepers carrying dangerous chemicals, civil explosives and radioactive substances. (17) Other operations approved by the State Administration of Work Safety. In addition, there are two earlier versions for your reference: one is the national standard GB5306-85 "Management Rules for Safety Technology Assessment of Special Operators": 2. 1 electrician operation; 2.2 boiler stoker; 2.3 pressure vessel operation; 2.4 hoisting machinery operation; 2.5 Blasting operation; 2.6 Metal welding (gas cutting) operation; 2.7 coal mine gas inspection; 2.8 motor vehicle driving; 2.9 motor ship driving and engine operation; 2. 10 Building climbing and erection; 2. 1 1 Other operations that meet the basic definition of this standard. Secondly, in the Administrative Measures for Safety Technology Assessment of Special Operators (Order 13) issued by the Economic and Trade Commission 1999, it is stipulated that: (1) Electrical work; (2) Metal welding and cutting operations; (3) Operation of hoisting machinery (including elevators); (4) driving an enterprise motor vehicle; (5) Erection operations; (six) boiler operation (including water quality test); (7) Operation of pressure vessels; (8) Refrigeration operation; (9) Blasting operations; (ten) mine ventilation operations (including gas inspection); (eleven) mine drainage operations (including tailings dam operations); (twelve) other operations proposed by the comprehensive management department of production safety of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government or the competent department of industry in the State Council, and approved by the State Economic and Trade Commission.
Hope to adopt
What are the answers to workers' jobs?
Mechanic (lathe worker, fitter,. . ), carpentry, welder, electrician, painter, injection molding worker, electronic assembler, repairman. . .
What is an industrial worker? Who are included? 50 points
China's industrial workers mainly refer to workers who are engaged in collective productive labor in farms and forest farms in the primary industry, mining, manufacturing, construction, production and supply of electricity, hot gas, gas and water in the secondary industry, and transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services in the tertiary industry, with wage income as their source of livelihood.
Who are the workers?
Craft is not a job. In the past, it usually refers to workers engaged in driving, receiving and dispatching, typing and maintenance in government agencies and institutions. Therefore, diligence is a worker's identity relative to cadres engaged in management positions (including cadres who work on behalf of cadres). It used to be common with handyman. In enterprises, it refers to logistics support personnel, such as maintenance workers, cleaners, cooks, etc.
Who are the first-line production personnel?
Please refer to the question I answered, zhidao.baidu/...9.
The difference between front-line employees and indirect employees is introduced in detail. thank you