So who are the six major operators? In addition to the current three major operators, there are actually three operators that have been merged by the current three major operators through merger and reorganization.
China Tietong and China Tietong were formerly known as China Railway Information Co., Ltd., which was established in 2000. Later merged into China Mobile.
The full names of China Netcom and China Netcom are China Network Communication Group Company. Before the merger, it was a broadband telecom enterprise second only to China Telecom. In 2008, they were fixed communication partners of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, but that year, China Netcom was merged into China Unicom through restructuring.
China Satcom and China Satcom were also merged into China Telecom when they reorganized in 2008.
Therefore, after 2008, China telecom industry has been the three major operators.
But if you reach a certain age, everyone knows. In fact, the six major operators were actually restructured from the earliest (98) China Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and China Unicom. It can be said that China's telecom industry experienced two major reorganizations in history, namely 1998 and 2008, thus forming the situation of three major operators.
Ok, let's review the history!
Before 2008, there were six companies, namely China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Tietong and China Satcom. At that time, it can be said that it was fragmented and divided up domestic network operations.
China Mobile is mainly a GSM network, Tietong is a railway communication problem, and Telecom and Netcom are fixed networks. However, China Unicom was the most powerful in the past, and all services had its share, including GSM, CDMA and fixed network.
But after all, the market of communication network has certain particularity, so in 2008, in order to balance the strength of major operators, six companies were reorganized, and only three companies are left at present.
At the beginning of the reorganization, the strength of the three major operators was quite balanced, but Unicom and Telecom developed better than mobile because they accounted for the dividend in the 3G era. But now, as you can see, mobile is actually more powerful. This is because when 4G just started, China Unicom was still busy laying out the 3G market, so mobile took the lead, which can be said to be a sudden emergence. Now we are on an equal footing with the two of them, and even reached a more favorable situation.
Now the disguised consumption of an operator makes everyone complain, but the operator is also called to have tea.
So for ordinary people, no matter how many operators you are, it is really good to charge a little cheaper.
What do the six major telecom operators mean? The six major telecom operators in China refer to China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Tietong and China Satcom. It is the biggest and strongest in communication and ground network, and of course each has its own emphasis.
China Mobile: operating GSM network;
China Unicom: the only full-service operator, operating GSM, CDMA and fixed network at the same time;
China Telecom and Netcom: operate fixed network and wireless local telephone access PHS. Telecom and Netcom are separated from the original telecom, and the north and south are separated, often called South Telecom and North Netcom;
China Tietong: operating the communication business along the national railway network;
China Satcom: Engaged in satellite space segment business in communication, broadcasting and other fields.
Why have the six major telecom operators become the only three pillars of telecom, mobile and China Unicom? On May 23rd, 2008, the Central Organization Department announced the latest appointments of telecom operators of China Unicom, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Netcom.
It means that the telecom restructuring that has lasted for several years has officially begun, and six operators should be integrated into three. The new personnel appointment and company adjustment are as follows: China Telecom acquired China Unicom's CDMA network (including assets and users), China Unicom's G network merged with China Netcom, China Satellite TV's basic telecommunications business merged with China Telecom, and China Tietong merged with China Mobile.
In fact, after the merger of the six operators, it also brought many benefits to everyone at that time. For example, speeding up and reducing fees is a very affordable policy. Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom are now the three pillars, and each business package has its own advantages. With the advent of the 5G era, the infighting among the three major operators will also start. Although the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is now vigorously promoting the policy of "port number transfer", we don't know whether there will be any changes among the three major operators in the future.
Originally, there were six major operators: China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Tietong and China Satcom. Among them, China Mobile mainly engages in GSM network, China Unicom is the only full-service operator, and China Telecom and China Netcom engage in fixed-line and wireless local access to PHS. Telecom and Netcom are separated from the original telecom, and are usually called Southern Telecom. The remaining China Tietong of Northern Netcom mainly operates the whole country.
However, on May 23rd, 2008, the Central Organization Department announced that it would integrate six operators into three. China Telecom acquired China Unicom's CDMA network (including assets and users), China Unicom's G network was merged into China Netcom, China Weitong's basic telecommunications business was merged into China Telecom, and China Tietong was merged into China Mobile.
The goal of the Central Organization Department is also very simple. After the merger, the three major operators can have both mobile network operation licenses and fixed-line broadband service operation licenses, so as to realize the full service acceptance of the three major operators and avoid the waste of repeated investment resources. Moreover, it can ensure the effect of full competition between operators to benefit the people, and it is also a more reasonable combination way so far.
The original six major operators refer to China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Tietong and China Satcom.
China Netcom and China Unicom's G network merged into China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd., referred to as China Unicom.
China Telecom acquired the C network of China Unicom and the basic telecom services of China Satcom, China Tietong merged into China Mobile, and China Satcom merged into China Aerospace Science and Technology Group.
Before the merger, China Mobile mainly operated GSM network; China Unicom is the only full-service operator, operating GSM, CDMA and fixed network at the same time; China Telecom and China Netcom operate fixed networks. Telecom and Netcom are separated from the original telecom, and the north and south are separated, often called South Telecom and North Netcom; Tietong mainly deals with communications along the national railway network; Satcom is mainly engaged in satellite space segment business in communication, broadcasting and other fields!
Although there are dozens in virtual operator now. The basic operators include the weakest radio and television companies. Virtual operator's network rents basic operators and competes with them for food, but there is no competition at all. Be a basic operator? Without money to build a network, the current situation is not realistic!
Let me answer the questions of this industry.
In fact, there are not only three pillars of telecommunications, mobile and China Unicom, but also a fourth carrier-level radio and television. Radio and TV not only has a fixed broadband license, but also holds the best 700M frequency band, and is applying for a mobile license. It is estimated that it is likely to become the fourth largest operator, end the tripartite confrontation among the three major operators and start the Four Kingdoms War. In the past, there were six large domestic operators, namely China Mobile, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Satellite Communication, China Tietong and China Satellite Communication. In fact, there used to be a relatively small Jitong and a large telecom wall. China has only three major operators, namely China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, because they have formed today's situation through complicated merger, sorting, splitting and reorganization, which is the product of China's telecom industry reform.
From a certain point of view, today's three major operators have basically left the post office of that year. At the beginning, postal service and telecom were a company called post office.
1994 65438+1October 12. Jitong was founded by the then Ministry of Electronic Industry.
1994 On July19, the inaugural meeting of China Unicom was held in Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, which opened the prelude to the telecom industry reform in China.
1994, the Great Telecommunication Wall with military origin was established.
1March, 998, the post office was split, the postal service was separated, and the telecommunications part was called the telecommunications bureau.
1999, the telecommunications reform officially began, and the paging service (Guo Xin paging) of the telecommunications bureau was assigned to China Unicom. The satellite communication part was the embryonic form of the later Satcom, and the mobile communication part was later established as China Mobile.
1999101On October 22nd, China Netcom was formally established.
In 2000, the army was forbidden to do business, so the army and telecommunications withdrew from the Great Wall. Later, the broadband service became Great Wall Broadband, and the cdma experimental network under construction was lost to China Unicom.
On April 20th, 2000, China Mobile was established. On May 16, 2000, China Mobile was officially listed.
On May 17, 2000, China Telecom Group Company was established, leaving only fixed-line services.
200 1, China tietong and China weitong were established.
So there are six legendary operators: China Telecom, China Unicom, China Mobile, China Satcom, China Tietong and China Netcom.
On May 16, 2002, the largest integration and spin-off of China Telecom began. Ten northern provinces of China Telecom Group were separated from China Telecom Group and included in China Netcom. At the same time, China Jitong merged into Netcom, established China Network Communication Group Company, and built China Netcom. The rest of China Telecom Group is still called China Telecom Group. From then on, the pattern of South Telecom and North Netcom was formed.
In 2008, the second split and reorganization of the telecommunications industry began. Unicom's C network business was sold to China Telecom, and China Netcom merged with the remaining China Unicom to form a new China Unicom company. At the same time, China Satcom was merged into China Telecom, and the purchased Unicom C network became the new China Telecom. China Mobile has not been idle, absorbing China Tietong and establishing New China Mobile. At this point, the seven domestic operators have become the three major operators today, namely China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom.
2065438+On May 5, 2006, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Basic Telecommunication Business License to China Radio and Television Network Co., Ltd., and approved State Grid Corporation to operate "Internet domestic data transmission business" and "domestic communication facilities service business" nationwide. Since then, Radio and Television has officially become the fourth operator with a fixed-line license. The latest news is that China Radio and Television has started to apply for a mobile license from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and intends to enter the mobile communication market, which is likely to become the fourth fully licensed operator.
In a word, China Unicom, China Telecom and China Mobile absorbed, merged, split and integrated several operators of the former China telecom industry, forming this tripartite confrontation. This situation is likely to be broken because China Radio and Television became the fourth operator, forming a new pattern of the four-nation war.
In fact, there are seven telecom operators in China at the earliest, namely: China Telecom, China Unicom, China Netcom, China Mobile, China Satcom, China Tietong and Jitong.
The reason why we are not impressed with China Weitong and Jitong is that their business is not closely related to our daily life. The remaining companies were merged in the later period, leaving three relatively large communication operators, namely China Unicom, China Mobile and China Telecom.
First of all, the full names of China Satcom and Jitong China Satcom are: China Communication Broadcasting Satellite Company. The company was established in June 1984, mainly engaged in satellite communication projects; Sales and maintenance services of satellite communication equipment; Provide business-related technical consultation and technical services.
Jitong's full name is Jitong Network Communication Co., Ltd., and it has issued 17920IP calling card and 167 network card. In 2003, it was merged into China Netcom.
The development history of other companies is 1995, and "Guo Xin Paging" was merged into Unicom, mainly engaged in pager business;
1999, China netcom (small netcom) was established, and internet services were opened in cities nationwide 17;
In 2000, China Mobile was established, responsible for mobile telephone service and China Mobile, becoming the first company to operate mobile communication services. Its huge customer base is inseparable from this reason.
In May, 2000, China Telecom was established to take charge of domestic fixed-line services. (Fixed telephone and broadband)
In 200 1 year, China Tietong was established, mainly engaged in telecom and data services around domestic railways;
In 2002, Unicom's CDMA network was officially opened, and Unicom began to enter the field of mobile communication. At this point, the coexistence of GSM network and CDMA network began to appear in China.
Reorganization of Communication Operators In May, 2002, China Telecom was split between North and South, and nine northern provinces and one city were separated from China Telecom, and merged with Small Netcom to form a new Netcom company. Southern Telecom became China Telecom. This is why most customers in the north use the broadband of Netcom, and the broadband of telecom is used in the south.
In 2008, China Unicom's CDMA network was allocated to China Telecom;
At this point, China Mobile operates GSM mobile network, China Telecom operates CDMA network and southern fixed network services; China Netcom operates the northern fixed network business; China Unicom operates GSM and paging services.
On June 5438+ 10, 2008, China Unicom and Netcom merged to form a new Unicom, and Unicom and Telecom became full-service communication operators, which can operate both mobile and fixed network services.
In 2009, China Tietong was merged into China Mobile. As a subsidiary of Mobile, China Mobile has basically become a full-service communication operator.
In fact, Unicom was born with the heavy responsibility of breaking the market monopoly, including winning the trump card of WCDMA in the late 3G era. However, in the face of strong competitors, China Unicom has been struggling. After the merger of Unicom and Netcom in the later period, coupled with mixed reform, the comprehensive strength of the three major domestic operators is gradually shrinking. This is why we often only see three communication operators.
The reason why there is a tripartite confrontation now is because
The first is resource integration, which effectively improves resource waste through restructuring.
Second, expand the advantages and be strong and refined in the field that you are good at.
Third, it is convenient for the overall planning of the country and assumes the role of a pioneer in this field.
Fourth, conform to the market and fully accept the market's dominance.
The landlord's question is very good It is estimated that many people have similar confusion about this issue. In fact, not only outsiders have this kind of confusion, but even people in the industry are not very clear. Today, as an old correspondent, I will explain this history well, hoping to popularize it for more people.
I will briefly review the development history of China's communication industry in chronological order.
Post and telecommunications era: before 1994, it was generally called "old post and telecommunications era". At that time, there were only the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and its subordinate post offices;
1994, the "new post and telecommunications era" began, because in that year, several major events happened:
65438+ 10 month, Jitong was established;
In July, Unicom was established, mainly engaged in GSM and paging;
Information age: 1998, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications was split into the post office and the Ministry of Information Industry;
1In March, 1998, the Ministry of Information Industry was listed, which opened the curtain of telecom industry reform.
1April 1998, the post office was divided into postal service and telecommunications;
1September, 1998, the telecom paging business was spun off, and Guo Xin Company was established, and then merged into China Unicom.
1July, 1999, China Telecom's mobile business was split and China Mobile was established.
1June, 1999, China Netcom was established.
In May 2000, China Telecom Group Company was established;
65438+In February 2000, China Tietong was established;
In May, 2002, China Telecom was split from north to south to form Southern Telecom and Northern Netcom.
In February 2002, 65438, China Satellite Communication Group Company was established.
Warring States Period: 2002-2008 was the era of six major operators in China.
Three Kingdoms era: In March, 2008, the long-awaited telecom restructuring plan was officially introduced, which is now known as the "six-in-one" plan;
Since then, China's communication industry has officially entered the era of "Three Kingdoms" melee. Of course, it also experienced a series of major personnel adjustments in the later period, forming the communication pattern that everyone sees today.
Having said so much history, I just hope that outsiders can learn more about the communication industry and tolerate the current situation of the industry.
It can be said that in the past 20 years, the reform of the communication industry has been the biggest, and the previous reforms have also brought some new problems to the industry. Perhaps, we should all look forward and look on the bright side, hoping that the future of the communication industry will be better and better, and the correspondents can live up to their years of efforts! Come on, messenger!