The World's First Cross-sea Bridge —— Shandong Expressway Jiaozhou Bay Bridge
One bridge connects three islands, and the natural barrier becomes a thoroughfare. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge connects the three islands of "green, red and yellow" and extends the urban skeleton. From/kloc-0 to April, 1993, the planning study of the bridge began, and it went through the stages of planning, pre-approval, construction, preliminary design, construction drawing design, bidding, etc., and the construction lasted for 13, 8 months. Hundreds of Chinese and foreign experts and scholars, including academicians of the two academies and Changjiang scholars, have paid wisdom and sweat for the bridge. There are many high-tech elements in the world behind the construction of the bridge: the total length is 4 1.59km, which is the first cross-sea bridge in the world at present. The number of bored piles in the whole bridge is 5 127, ranking first in the world. Hongdao Interchange is the first maritime interchange in China. Daguhe Waterway Bridge is the first single-tower self-anchored suspension bridge at sea, and there is no bridge with similar structure at home and abroad. The underwater uncapped concrete casing technology independently developed by Shandong Expressway Group is the first in the world.
19911February 15, Qinshan nuclear power plant, the first nuclear power plant in Chinese mainland, was connected to the grid for power generation. This is the first 300,000 kW commercial nuclear power plant designed and built by China, which indicates that China has mastered nuclear power technology and become the seventh country in the world to independently design and manufacture nuclear power plants after the United States, Britain, France, the former Soviet Union, Canada and Sweden.
Optoelectronic information industry: On the basis of microelectronics and computer technology in this century, physical characteristics such as optics, electricity, sound and magnetism will be comprehensively developed and utilized in 2 1 century to form a new generation of optoelectronic information industry including optoelectronic devices, laser configuration, optical fiber systems, holographic images, optical integrated circuits and optical computers. This new industry will completely update the existing information means to meet people's most extensive demand for information.
Software industry: In 2 1 century, information processing and knowledge processing will be more active on a global scale, and the development of soft science and technology and the growth of knowledge industry will be accelerated; A large number of databases, information bases and knowledge bases covering all fields will be generally built and widely used; Basic software, application software, intelligent software, expert system and other software industries, and occupy an increasingly prominent position in economic development and national security.
Intelligent machinery industry: In the 2nd/kloc-0th century, traditional mechanical tools will be widely used in microelectronics, optoelectronics and artificial intelligence machinery industries. Intelligent robots, intelligent computers, intelligent tools (intelligent cars, ships, trains, airplanes, spaceships, etc. ), intelligent production lines, intelligent factories, etc. What this industry provides not only physically but also mentally partially replaces all kinds of human labor, thus liberating human intelligence and enabling human beings to do more creative work.
Bio-engineering industry: Based on the four components of modern life technology (microorganism, enzyme, cell and gene), a bio-engineering industry with animal and plant engineering, drugs and vaccines, protein project, cell fusion, gene recombination, biochip and bio-computer as its basic connotations will be gradually formed in 2 1 century. This industry will transform and create a batch of efficient biomass, which will make great changes in human production and life.
Biomedical industry: On the basis of new achievements in disease diagnosis, medical surgery, synthetic materials, etc., in 2 1 century, human beings can safely master the transplantation and reconstruction technology of biological or artificial organs (heart, lung, kidney, spleen, etc.). ), bones, blood vessels and senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch), so that new medical technology is effective for all units of the human body.
Superconductor industry: Superconductor industry will rise in the next century. Some unique properties of superconducting materials will change some traditional concepts and theories. Superconducting motors, superconducting power transmission systems, superconducting energy storage devices, superconducting maglev trains, superconducting computers, superconducting electronic devices and a series of high-tech achievements. , will be put into practice and commercialization, thus transforming the existing overall technical pattern of strong electricity, weak electricity, micro electricity and photoelectricity.
Solar energy industry: In 2 1 century, mankind will face the dilemma of energy shortage. In addition to placing hopes on nuclear fusion energy, the realistic choice is to develop solar energy technology, develop and produce various solar tracking, capturing, conversion and storage devices, collect and utilize more pollution-free solar energy on the ground and in space, and establish a high-tech solar energy industry.
Aerospace industry: The global investment in space activities exceeds 400 billion US dollars every year, laying a knowledge and technical foundation for the space industry in 2 1 century, including satellite launching, payload carrying, space travel and other space commercial activities and services, as well as conducting scientific experiments and producing high-tech products in the specific environment of microgravity and ultra-clean space, which will become an important field of international industrial competition in the next century, opening up new territory outside the earth circle and exploiting new resources on aliens.
Marine industry: At present, human beings can only dive to the sea area with a depth of more than 200 meters at most, and know little about the situation in the depths of the ocean. 2 1 century, mankind can expand the high frontier outside the earth and the low frontier inside the earth. It is believed that in a long period of time, the benefits that mankind will get from the low territory with dense resources will be far greater than those from the high territory with scattered resources. Antarctic development, seawater utilization, deep-sea mining and underwater city construction will become the basic connotation of marine industry in the next century.