Second, height. The height we require is 1.6 m to 1.72 m. The height of the astronaut and his seat should be limited, because the geometric size of the entire spacecraft cockpit is limited, and it is not appropriate to be too high. People of this age in China, 1.60 to 1.72 meters are the most candidates. So you can broaden your choices. There is a certain relationship between figure and weight. Generally speaking, people are taller and heavier, and weight is also a problem to be considered in manned space flight. So we can imagine that most of the people selected according to this standard are short and pithy.
Third, weight. 55 kg to 70 kg. Relatively thin, he is a shorter one among the air force fighter pilots. Due to the increase in weight, it will occupy the total weight inside the spacecraft. When launching, the thrust of the rocket is certain. If you increase this weight, it will be uneconomical to bring less fuel and consumables. As we all know, if the weight is increased by one kilogram, the thrust consumed by the rocket is quite large, and the consumption will increase by at least 654.38 million yuan. Therefore, do everything possible to tap a certain potential in the weight of astronauts.
Fourth, gender issues. There are many men, even abroad, but there are also some female astronauts abroad, most of whom are responsible for organizing experiments, not flying spacecraft. These people are usually called "mission experts", not astronauts, pilots or airborne engineers. They are relatively simple in selection criteria and training time. Should China choose a female astronaut? Now yes, it is being drawn up. From the selection of the first astronauts to the present, no female astronauts have been selected. In the future, some lesbians will be determined to travel in space.
The last one is career. We know that there is a certain connection between aerospace and aviation, and both live in the air. All countries are selected from fighter pilots of the Air Force, and we are no exception. In this case, there is a great advantage that he doesn't have to be familiar with the life of flying in the air. If you are a pilot who can't fly a high-performance plane, you must learn to fly a plane if you want to be an astronaut. In this case, it is a little more complicated, takes a little longer and costs a little more. Therefore, this part can be omitted when selecting pilots of air force fighters or attack aircraft. Most of them have college degree or above, worked for more than three years and flew for more than 600 hours. Therefore, they all have the ability to fly in more than three meteorological conditions. Snoring people can't get up.
Reporter: What three kinds do you mean by more than three kinds?
Xie Daqing: The day is normal, the day is abnormal, the night is normal, and the fourth kind of weather is abnormal at night. We require the first three, at least three. Therefore, such a flight can take into account our selection of astronauts, and it should be said that it is a shortcut to choose among air force fighter pilots. Of course, without exception, they all have the political conditions to join the aerospace industry of the motherland. I also want to say that we select astronauts from air force pilots. He must have good facial features, clear language pronunciation and no local accent.
Reporter: Won't there be an accent?
Xie Daqing: Be sure to speak Mandarin, or the ground crew won't understand, and that will be in trouble.
Reporter: Do you want to speak Mandarin?
Xie Daqing: You must be able to speak Mandarin, even if it is not standard. In addition, they have no drug addiction, alcohol addiction, smoking addiction, partial eclipse, easy to fall asleep and no snoring.
Reporter: You can't even snore?
Xie Daqing: Snoring in the sky will affect another person. If you want to carry out the task well, you should consider everything.
Reporter: It is said that all the existing 14 astronauts in China have passed the five-level screening, and the clinical physical examination has exceeded 100. Only after passing the exam?
Xie Daqing: Our selection of astronauts is basically divided into four stages. Basically, they all went through the primary election, re-election, re-election and final election. Our fourteen astronauts were selected from the Air Force 1500 first-class pilots. You can calculate this account, one in a hundred. They check that the primary election is conducted in a military medical unit, and the general physical fitness should be qualified. If they are re-elected, they should be hospitalized in an air force sanatorium, and there are some items. After that, the third stage is to go to the Air Force General Hospital in Beijing and do some special inspections in our space center. Finally, it can be selected by the expert Committee, and finally 14 is selected.
Reporter: What's so special about the special inspection?
Xie Daqing: It's a special physical examination, which will be conducted at the Space Center. There are ten major items, and each item has some physical examinations. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say 100. Reporter: Can't one pass?
Jie Daqing: Right. You can refuse an item. Reporter: So this 100 may have to be passed in the end?
Xie Daqing: That's right. In addition to physical examination, there are also some psychological quality examinations. Psychological quality includes psychological investigation, psychological talks, personality psychological test, psychological ability test and many other contents.
The key to success or failure is
Psychology and wisdom
Reporter: How were the astronauts selected for this mission?
Zhang Jianqi: This astronaut selection adheres to the principles of fairness, justice and openness, and selects the best among the best and unites the strong and powerful. Astronaut Brigade 14 astronauts all participated in the basic training, and the coaches graded them every day, every subject and every movement. Every deduction should be recorded for the astronauts to check for themselves. On this basis, in strict accordance with the selection scheme and standards, the astronauts' ideological status, physical status and training status are sorted. The jury will vote for the astronauts by one person, one vote. Then according to the scores, the top three astronauts are grouped and the last three astronauts are grouped. The six astronauts participated in the post-training closely around the Shenzhou VII mission. After that, a second round of voting was held to select a flight crew consisting of three astronauts and three reserve astronauts. Compared with Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI, this task is very arduous. One of the keys to the success of extravehicular activities is the psychology and wisdom of astronauts. Their psychological quality is better, their health is better, their technical level is higher, that is, their comprehensive ability is better, which is different from Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI. Shenzhou VII astronauts already have such conditions. Comprehensive Xinhua news agency