Human nature consultation, please great gods.

In China, in the 5th-4th century BC, Confucius put forward the sexual habit theory that "sexual similarity is also true, but it is far from learning from each other". He believes that there is little difference between natural endowment and birth, but there is a big difference between acquired endowment. Mencius, who was more than a century later than him, put forward the theory that "human nature is good", that people are born with goodness, that "shameless heart, no evil heart, inhuman ...", and that environment and education cultivated goodness, rather than making it disappear, and developed into "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom". On the contrary, Xun Kuang, who was a little later than Mencius, thought that people were born evil, and that environment and education should eliminate evil and cultivate good. These theories all emphasize the influence of environment on people's character. In the west, the ancient Greek philosopher Theophrasta studied personality earlier in the 4th-3rd century BC. He extensively discussed people's personality characteristics. Later, Freud, Jung, Eriksson, Bantula, allport and Cartel further studied and developed the personality theory, which improved personality psychology day by day. Personality can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Broadly speaking, it refers to the different psychological characteristics between people and others. Tiofrasta described more than 30 kinds of personalities in a paper, and each personality was described according to a dominant and obvious characteristic sign, such as "disguise", "flattery" and "boring narrator". "Character" in scientific psychology takes its narrow and concrete meaning. From this perspective, people's individual characteristics are not all personality characteristics, and some individual psychological characteristics, such as keen vision, quick memory and profound wisdom, are excluded from personality characteristics. If we want to define a narrow sense of personality, it is people's stability and habitual behavior towards reality. Personality expression includes not only behavior, but also practice and psychological activities such as thinking, will and emotion. These psychological characteristics appear constantly in similar situations, which have certain stability and even habituation, forming a unique personality of people. For example, Lin Daiyu's behavior is always restricted by psychological factors such as her indifferent emotion, aloof personality, sentimental and inferiority, and on most occasions, she is always sad, suspicious, jealous and indifferent, but lacks enthusiasm, boldness and self-confidence. Habitual psychology is character. That kind of accidental situational psychological characteristics cannot be called a person's psychological characteristics. Personality is the most vivid expression of personality and the core feature of personality psychological characteristics. Personality is not only related to temperament and intelligence (comprehensive ability), but also has emotional characteristics and will characteristics. Emotion and emotion are closely related to people's personality. If emotional state becomes a stable feature that often affects people's activities or is controlled by people, it can be regarded as a part of personality characteristics. This personality characteristic is mainly manifested in the intensity of people's emotional response, the speed of ups and downs, the length of duration, and social morality such as socialist emotion, collective honor, labor obligation and responsibility friendship, all of which are related to this emotion, emotional behavior and expression. It is precisely because of the emotional color in personality characteristics that it is also an important way to cultivate good feelings and cultivate noble sentiments. The will characteristic of personality is the conscious adjustment of one's own behavior and personality characteristics. A strong character embodies a tough will. With a strong will, there will be a strong character, which can be seen from people's efforts to overcome difficulties and keep pursuing. Will is the main source of character strength. Cultivating good will and perseverance is an important aspect of shaping character. Personality structure In the crowd, people's personalities are actually different. Some people feel harmonious, such as modesty, self-confidence, enthusiasm and generosity, honesty, selflessness, diligence and carefulness. Some people feel uncomfortable, such as arrogance, selfishness, hypocrisy and laziness. In the final analysis, the type of personality is a unique and organic combination of various personality characteristics. This combination can be called personality structure. The classification of types is different from the standard, so the classification method is different. Jung, a Swiss psychologist, is famous for his "introverted" and "extroverted" personality theories. Jung believes that introverts rarely reveal their joys and sorrows to others. They tend to be emotionally self-satisfied and cherish their inner experience; It is easy to be shy in front of others, talk in a panic, don't want to show up in public, do things carefully, but lack practical actions, and often feel confused, worried and unhappy. Extroverts tend to be extroverted in psychological activities and often show concern and interest in external things. Such people are cheerful, lively and sociable, but they are unwilling to think hard and rely on others or activities to meet their emotional needs. At the same time, they are good at expressing their emotions and feelings in activities and group communication; I don't know how shy I am. I am very talkative and familiar with my friends face to face. I speak boldly, regardless of other people's feelings. They are free and unrestrained, decisive and easy to act rashly, fast and informal. Jung believes that introversion and extroversion are actually just a matter of degree. A person is just more or less introverted or extroverted, not all people are introverted or extroverted. Both inside and outside are relative. In addition, Jung believes that individuals have four psychological functions, namely, thinking, emotion, feeling and intuition. Thinking is a rational function eager to understand things; Emotion is the function of value judgment; Feeling is a kind of sensory perception; Intuition is a direct experience or experience, not the result of thinking and emotion. The different combinations of two kinds of mentality and four kinds of psychological functions are manifested as individual behavior patterns, which constitute eight personality types proposed by Jung. Functional mentality represents personality characteristics. Outgoing scientists are addicted to the study of nature, lacking distinctive personality and seemingly indifferent and arrogant. Introverted philosophers want others to understand their existence and are eager to live in solitude in order to indulge in fantasy. They are prone to depression, and lead to psychopathic extroverted women who are prone to virtue and sentimentality. Coquettish and introverted women are taciturn and unpredictable, while extroverted men are keen on accumulating experience, but they are not too serious and look at life realistically, but their feelings are shallow, introverted/addicted to their own subjective feelings and have poor thoughts and feelings. Intuitive extroverted women are whimsical, moody and lack perseverance. Introverted artists are often regarded as incredible people, as incomprehensible geniuses, difficult to communicate with others, and ordinary people in society. Their personality types are not obvious and typical, but they can always see that the dominant aspect is stereotyped. Judging from the above personality types, everyone's personality type is a unique structure of their own personality characteristics. The character structure thus formed must have its own characteristics: first, the contradiction between characters is complete and contradictory. As far as the structure of personality is concerned, all the individual characteristics of a person's personality are interdependent and interrelated. It has complete unity, but this unity is not absolute. Absolute unity is possible only when people's basic attitudes completely determine the rest. However, this premise is impossible. Therefore, unity is relative. Because there are various contradictions in the objective reality itself, there are also contradictions between the requirements put forward by reality or the requirements put forward by people from reality. For example, in some people's personality characteristics, pride and modesty, laziness and diligence, negligence and meticulousness constitute the unity of opposites, so personality becomes complicated. Second, the certainty of personality structure refers to a person's unchanging attitude towards things around him. Certainty is of great significance to personality. Without it, personality will change with the change of environment, so it will be willful, lack of opinion, and it is difficult to become the main body of transforming the world. But this does not mean that the stability of personality will be fixed, rigid and isolated. People can change their personality and shape a good one. In addition, personality will change with the change of environment. It is the certainty and variability of personality that can show different lifestyles and characteristics in different situations. Just as you are one face to your wife in the back room, you are another face when you meet visitors, and a face at work. Of course, these are all changes under the premise of a certain personality. Personality is the projection of everyone's life, which enriches people's life. Third, the personality structure is complex and dominant. Since personality is the projection of life, it must be complicated and embodied in ordinary people. Dominant characteristics generally refer to people's basic attitude towards reality. Although people's personalities are complex, they all form their own unique personalities around the dominant aspects. Fourth, personality structure has surface and deep characteristics. Generally speaking, the complexity of personality is based on changing appearance (behavior). In fact, the complexity of personality is ultimately subject to deep factors, that is, the so-called deep soul, such as motivation. It is the complexity of human intrinsic motivation that determines the complexity of behavior. Between behavior and motivation is the attitude towards life. The attitude towards life also determines whether motivation is generated. Fundamentally speaking, life attitude is subject to motivation and accumulated stress experience. Therefore, to understand a person's character, we must go deep into it. How does a mature personality develop into maturity? What factors will affect it? Or has it changed? These are all important aspects of psychological research, and they are also concerned by psychology lovers. The development, formation and change of personality are closely related to human heredity, environment and other factors. In what ways do genetic factors affect people's personality? This is a very complicated and controversial issue. The general theory tends to think that genetic factors affect people's personality through temperament and intelligence. The temperament formed by genetic factors, according to their own activities, makes personality have a unique color. For example, helping others is also a personality trait. People with blood are quick and enthusiastic when they help others, while people with mucus are calm and have emotions in their hearts. Temperament is determined by people's higher nervous activity type, so temperament affects the formation and development speed of personality from the beginning. Zhan Sen's research has long proved the influence of genetic factors on intelligence. Whether children are raised by their biological parents, adoptive families or foster families, there is always a significant correlation between their IQ and their biological parents. Zhan Sen attributed this to the influence of heredity on intelligence. In addition, intelligence and personality are influenced by the characteristics and types of higher nervous activity, and intelligence plays an important role in the formation of human personality. This function is manifested in the process of human development. People use their intelligence, master the corresponding knowledge and skills, calmly assess the situation, and make their behavior conform to objective laws, which will encourage them to bravely overcome difficulties and show good personality characteristics such as consciousness, boldness, decisiveness and tenacity in difficulties and obstacles. Therefore, politicians, inventors, writers and artists, although engaged in different occupations, all have highly developed intelligence, creativity and excellent personality characteristics. Personality is not only influenced by genetic factors, but more importantly, the environment is the decisive factor for the development and formation of personality. The function of environment is mainly through family, school, social activities and work practice. Personality maturity is relative, and absolute maturity does not exist. As far as the uncertainty of people's environment is concerned, personality also changes to a certain extent, but unless there is a big stimulus (such as lovelorn, accident, major failure or frustration to important people, etc.). ), once a person's personality is formed, it will basically remain unchanged.