Measures to deal with inflation and specific measures to deal with agricultural products market.

1. Russia: Take comprehensive measures to curb price increases. In this round of global price increase, Russia is facing enormous inflationary pressure, and the annual inflation rate in 2007 was as high as 8.7%. Since 2007, the Russian government has taken a series of measures to curb the excessive rise of prices, especially food prices. The first is financial means. Raise the benchmark interest rate of loans, curb the excessive growth of currency circulation, and increase gold reserves; The second is to put in reserves. Put 6.5438+0.5 million tons of grain reserves into the market at a price lower than the market price to ease the pressure of rising food prices; The third is to strengthen import and export supervision. Increase the export tariff rate of wheat and barley from zero to 10% and 30%, and increase the import tariff of dairy products, vegetables and edible oil from 15% to 5%. At the same time, lift the import restrictions on meat products from China, the United States, Brazil and other countries; The fourth is to implement price intervention. Signed a food price freeze agreement with 30 large domestic food producers and distributors, freezing the prices of six kinds of food such as wheat bread, rye bread, milk, yogurt, eggs and sunflower oil at the level of 2007 10+05, and giving financial subsidies to related enterprises. Russian local governments have also mobilized local producers and distributors to limit wholesale and retail prices. The fifth is to crack down on price violations. Administrative and economic penalties were imposed on more than 40 enterprises suspected of "deliberately colluding with price increases". The sixth is to raise the basic pension standard. In 2007, the Russian government substantially raised the basic pension standard, and announced that it would continue to raise it in the second half of 2008 to solve the living difficulties of retirees. At present, the above measures taken by the Russian government have achieved initial results. From June 5, 2008 to 10, the increase of Russian food prices tended to fall, and the inflation rate was lower than that of the same period last year. Second, South Korea: Actively take measures to ease inflationary pressure. In 2007, consumer prices in Korea rose by 2.5%, exceeding 2% for the first time in five years. At the beginning of 2008, the South Korean government issued "Recent Price Trends and Countermeasures for Stability", announcing that under the principle of respecting market rules and not imposing price limits, it will strengthen macro-control, promote enterprise competition, improve circulation structure, reduce costs and waste, so as to alleviate inflationary pressure. First, set up an inter-departmental working group to stabilize prices. A few days ago, South Korea set up a working group on price stabilization measures composed of 14 central government departments, including the Ministry of Finance and Economy, the Ministry of Industry and Resources, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Food and Drug Administration and the Fair Trade Commission. The working group closely monitored the overpriced goods and set up an "on-site inspection class" to track and investigate the production and circulation links of products related to people's livelihood. Release the trend of consumer price index at the beginning of each month, hold regular meetings to study the price trend and formulate countermeasures. Local governments have also set up price countermeasure committees and headquarters to track price trends and formulate corresponding countermeasures. The second is to strengthen macro-control. Downgrading the financial implementation target for the first half of 2008; Adjust monetary policy in a timely manner according to comprehensive factors such as economic growth, prices and financial market conditions; By increasing overseas investment and other means to regulate the foreign exchange market, the exchange rate of won against the US dollar will accurately reflect the macroeconomic development. The third is to reduce taxes and fees and increase subsidies. Grant subsidies to low-income families, expand the scope of providing interest-free or low-interest "government-guaranteed scholarship loans" to low-income groups, and set up a "dormant savings management consortium" to support the welfare undertakings of low-income groups; Encourage enterprises to provide more employment opportunities for the poor through tax relief; Reduce the burden on small and medium-sized enterprises by increasing the issuance of government policy funds; Enterprises that require to provide monopoly raw materials to small and medium-sized enterprises to raise prices must notify each other 30 days in advance. The fourth is to strengthen price supervision and curb and disperse the factors of rising prices. Strengthen the price supervision of wholesale and retail links of important commodities and control the profiteering in circulation links; Publish the relevant price survey results through the Internet and other channels to guide people to reduce the consumption of overpriced goods; Through relevant management associations, we should try our best to curb the rise of service charges and spread the time of price increase; Do a good job in price stability plans for specific periods such as festivals. The fifth is to prevent illegal and improper price increases. Focus on intermediate raw materials, finance, communications, education and other fields that directly consume prices, and expose and sanction price monopoly in time; Strengthen supervision over the behavior of substantially raising commodity prices on the grounds of rising oil and food prices, and prevent unfair transactions by taking advantage of market dominance; The State Administration of Taxation and relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring of enterprises whose products have risen too fast in the short term and conduct special investigations when necessary. In addition, in terms of public utility charges, the Korean government has frozen in principle various public utility charges such as electricity charges and highway tolls formulated by state-owned enterprises in the first half of 2008; By promoting competition and improving the charging system, we will guide the reduction of communication fees, gas fees and road tolls; In terms of grain, the price increase pressure of grain production and circulation enterprises will be alleviated by reducing quota tariffs and providing financial support. Strengthen cooperation with major grain-producing countries to promote import diversification and overseas agricultural development. In terms of agricultural livestock and aquatic products, the government has put in reserves and provided financial support to prevent the prices from rising rapidly in a short period of time, and has actively improved the circulation structure and efficiency of agricultural livestock and aquatic products by establishing direct selling markets of brand meat products and online aquatic products markets in the suburbs of big cities. The Korean government has also taken a series of measures to stabilize the prices of petroleum products, non-ferrous metals and housing rental fees. With the rapid economic growth, South Korea also experienced a sharp rise in consumer prices in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, the government mainly regulated prices through administrative means, with great efforts. In the 1990s, South Korea implemented price liberalization, and now prices are basically regulated by the market. An official of the Ministry of Finance and Economics of South Korea recently said that in order to effectively cope with the price increase, the South Korean government has used all the countermeasures that the government can use. Whether it works or not will ultimately be decided by the market. Third, Japan: Stabilizing prices with a unique agricultural product circulation system Japan has always been one of the countries with the most stable retail prices in the world. Its successful practices mainly include: First, it attaches great importance to the stability of the supply of daily necessities. The Japanese government has always regarded ensuring the stable supply of residents' daily necessities as a decisive factor to stabilize the overall price level. Taking vegetables as an example, because the production and supply are easily affected by weather conditions, the frequency and range of price fluctuations are far greater than other necessities. Therefore, on the one hand, various economic organizations in Japan guide vegetable production and sales in a planned way; On the other hand, when the price of vegetables rises sharply, Japan's "Stable Vegetable Supply Fund" and other organizations will seize the opportunity to invest more vegetables in the market according to market demand, expand supply, ensure supply, and curb price increases. Second, the government controls the wholesale price of circulation links and effectively regulates production and market. Considering that the trade of daily necessities such as vegetables is too scattered, it will be difficult for the government to accurately grasp the market dynamics and price trends. Therefore, the Japanese government attaches great importance to and makes full use of the role of agricultural products wholesale market. A few days ago, the Japanese Ministry of Finance and Tokyo jointly funded the construction of a large-scale central wholesale market for agricultural products, so that the government can know the market situation in Tokyo in time and accurately, and provide a basis for taking rapid measures to stabilize prices. The third is to establish and improve the information statistics system and disclose market information in a timely manner. The Japanese government regards the timely disclosure of market information as an important means to strengthen public supervision and prevent "free-rider price increase" and unfair competition, and provides the public with correct information on the supply and demand of commodities and price changes as quickly as possible, so as to guide the public to consume rationally and prevent the price increase caused by snapping up and hoarding. IV. Thailand: Curbing the excessive price increase with a two-pronged approach In 2007, although the overall price increase in Thailand decreased compared with the previous year, food prices in Thailand also rose sharply due to the continuous increase in food prices worldwide. Since 2007, the retail price of 5 kg bagged rice in supermarkets in Thailand has increased from 135 (about RMB 27 yuan) to 149 (about RMB 30 yuan), with an increase of more than 10%. As the world's largest rice exporter, the rise in rice prices is an important symbol of the rise in food prices in Thailand. In order to curb the excessive price increase, the Thai government has adopted a two-pronged approach. On the one hand, four commodities, such as food, wine, yogurt and car batteries, are included in the list of controlled commodities. Any price increase of these controlled commodities must be reported to the Ministry of Commerce for approval. The Ministry of Commerce will decide whether to approve the price increase according to the changes in the cost of goods applied by the applicant. On the other hand, the Thai government has also launched the "Blue Flag Plan" food supply plan. The food suppliers who join this program will regularly introduce several kinds of meals that are very convenient to carry and eat, and the prices are also cheaper than ordinary stores. In terms of alcohol, the Thai government is going to ask 13 retailers to jointly hold the Blue Flag Fair, and has taken measures such as reporting the selling price, reducing the price, making a sales plan, and repaying the money according to the specified date. At the same time, the government has intensified its crackdown on price violations. Anyone who hoards and drives up prices can be fined according to law, and those who are serious will bear criminal responsibility. 5. France: adopt "target price" to avoid disorderly price fluctuation. In order to maintain the basic stability of commodity prices, the French government has established a price system with "target price" as the core, supplemented by different types of auxiliary prices, in order to avoid the disorderly rise or fall of market prices. The so-called "target price" refers to the price that a commodity will reach after a period of time as planned. This price is linked to the output target, and the current commodity output is controlled by adjusting the "target price", thus affecting the current commodity market price. 6. Belgium: Implementing the "ceiling price" to curb the excessive price increase. In order to curb the excessive price increase of people's daily necessities such as food, the Belgian government recently adopted strict supervision measures on the retail prices of household necessities such as milk, bread and flour, and some commodities clearly stipulated the "national ceiling price". The "national maximum price" is determined by the price committee composed of commodity production enterprises, wholesalers, retailers, trade unions, relevant government departments and consumers according to the specific market conditions. Once it is formed, it has legal effect, and no enterprise or merchant may violate it, but only compete under the "national maximum price". Tightening monetary policy, increasing deposit reserve ratio, reducing circulation, and resisting inflation to some extent; Strengthen financial investment and citizens' enthusiasm for financial investment to resist inflation: in agriculture, the state has introduced a policy of controlling prices. See the bold part above for specific policies.