Most theories come from psychological counselors' post-clinical reflection, which has some characteristics of knowledge background, life experience and even personality, so in a broader sense, one is to limit the retention of more extensive clinical information; One is that it really has the characteristics of a consultant, such a "human" ideology. Different theoretical systems are caused by different subjects, and even the same successful case will still have different constructions.
What is the significance of our study of theory?
One is our habitual learning mode, which constructs our own schema from cognition and acquires skills through reasoning. For psychology, we are also used to learning in our own way. Second, it helps to form its own "handle" and enhance subjective stability. "I know" is more helpful for me to face visitors, even if I know this. Learning in this area will promote our own exploration, arouse suspicion and clinical thinking, which also brings about the changes of a systematic school and the emergence of many branches. Actually belongs to the category of cognition.
Nowadays, science is more and more inclined to the unity of micro and macro. Therefore, the background knowledge of counselors in various cultures has reached some positions, and the psychological theories developed on this basis also have a trend of great integration, that is, more and more exchanges and convergence. A simple example is: cognitive behavior began to give implicit memory and other terms to the subconscious and unconscious that originally belonged to psychoanalysis camp; On the other hand, biology and physiology are called body memory, and there are more subtle differences between them.
In this context, the' self-object' of self-psychology still puzzles many people, because its definition is subjective at first, and its content is a kind of experience and feeling, which is also a dilemma described by theory. In clinical consultation, the counselor's personality-experience-emotion-feeling-theory is background and cognitive. The significance of theory lies in that different theoretical models will affect different perspectives in consultation.
The object of self is subjective and varies from person to person. For example, parents, for some people, remember an intimate scene with their parents, which will be unforgettable all their lives, and this scene is profound and clear, which has an impact on their current state. This kind of object memory at that moment can be understood as self-object. It has an indelible influence on the past self, the present self and the future self, and even gained many qualities from it, such as care and love.
It may be a small matter, it may happen to parents, it may happen to their own toys, it may happen to objects, it may happen to nature and so on. This position is similar to the whole body focusing on four links of existence, but it is different: four existences are in a physical space; One is internal relations; And your own body; There is also energy and emotion; Self-content is a more lasting and unforgettable "peak moment", "intersection moment" and "superposition moment". When these experiences occur, between the self and the object, the object will change and migrate, move to the position of the self, form some accompanying relationship, and constantly provide strength for the self, or cohesion mirror, idealized guidance, etc. The model of this process space is similar: a star rotates in the sky, a star attracts some stars (objects) to become a planetary system, and the related planets can be understood as self-objects. Similarly, the ability to objectify an object is itself a concentrated self, a healthy self, which can constantly acquire such resources, form a virtuous circle, constantly acquire new self-objects, more links, a more stable and practical life, and a sense of self-stability that tends to be intensive.
In our past memories, there are always some things, there are always unforgettable moments with parents or others, and some moments are like lighting up the stars at night. We remember them with strength, warmth and support. We feel understood and recognized, and our existence is valuable, dignified and meaningful. These moments are always accompanied by some objects, which is a feeling of self-object, and it can exist forever. "Whether you can't see it, love is there."
There are also some things that make us stable, such as reading or some activities. For those who love books, in the process of reading, they gain peace, joy, stability and a sense of accomplishment. These feelings of achievement are full of vitality, accompanied by energy input. And in the process of reading and after reading, it has a lasting help to self-stability, which is such a feature. This is very different from the flashing characteristics of addiction caused by the lack of self-object. Although addiction activity has the sensory characteristics similar to self-object, it is more empty and painful when facing its own defects later, and that kind of pain is more real. It is becoming more and more impossible to quench thirst by drinking poison. This is described from the level of consciousness.
This addiction is a substitute for the "self-object" and is what the self needs. When the self faces the surrounding environment lacking self-object, in order to protect itself and maintain a certain state of existence, it will take dangerous behavior, disorderly behavior, addiction and so on. Popular words: find a sense of existence. This is the portrayal.
Clinical psychology can also understand the stability of self-feeling in the mind by evaluating whether the self-object of the visitor is missing or not and the quality is high or low. So as to diagnose and evaluate the deep personality structure.
From birth to growth, there are four types of self-objects, which are essential to a person's spiritual maturity and are also "core self-objects" in a sense: