This year, the climate in China is abnormal. In some areas, drought followed by rain, instant rainstorm and continuous heavy rainfall led to frequent geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow. 1 to June, a total of 19522 cases occurred in China, resulting in 464 deaths and disappearances, and the direct economic loss was18.61000 billion yuan, up by 932.3%, 177.8% and/kl respectively over the same period of last year.
The State Council leaders attached great importance to the prevention and control of geological disasters, and made more than 60 important instructions in the first half of this year, which pointed out the direction for our work. Our department resolutely implements the spirit of the State Council's instructions, and started early judgment, early deployment, early inspection and early implementation at the beginning of the year, and took various measures to prevent and strictly control. First, careful deployment, eight national and important regional flood control work conferences were held, and documents were issued several times and jointly with relevant departments for re-mobilization, re-deployment and re-implementation. The second is inspection and supervision. Nearly a hundred times, a working group led by the leaders of ministries and departments and attended by relevant departments was sent to inspect and guide. The third is to strengthen emergency response, and send 88 experts to stay in 18 key provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) for a long time to guide the investigation, monitoring and early warning, and mass prevention and treatment. Start the emergency response several times. After the Yushu earthquake and the Guanling landslide, the hidden dangers were investigated as soon as possible to assist and guide the prevention of secondary disasters. Fourth, focus on prevention. Focusing on the earthquake-stricken areas and the Three Gorges reservoir area, we sent 150 experts to assist Sichuan, Qinghai, Chongqing and Hubei provinces (cities) to carry out inspections, and deployed nationwide to carry out re-inspection of disaster-stricken areas around densely populated areas, traffic arteries and important projects. Fifth, joint control and joint defense, strengthen cooperation with meteorological, water conservancy, railway, transportation, education and other departments, give full play to the advantages of departments, implement disaster prevention responsibilities, and enhance prevention and control capabilities.
Through the above work, the prevention and control of geological disasters in the first half of this year has achieved remarkable results. More than 200,000 threatened people were transferred, and 477 people were successfully avoided, and14,839 people were avoided. In June alone, the national * * * successfully predicted 320 cases, avoiding casualties 1 10 14 people, and the direct economic loss was 654.38+38 million yuan, the highest in a single month over the years. Compared with June-June 2009, the number of geological disasters increased by nearly 10 in the same period this year, and the number of deaths and missing persons decreased significantly year-on-year.
Great achievements have been made in the prevention and control work in key areas, and many major geological disasters have been successfully predicted and avoided. There have been no casualties caused by geological disasters in the Three Gorges reservoir area for seven consecutive years. In the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area for more than two years, although geological disasters have occurred frequently, no casualties have been caused by geological disasters in the resettlement sites of the victims, achieving the goal of no major mass casualties in geological disasters during the main flood season. The investigation of hidden dangers in Yushu earthquake-stricken area was quickly completed, and important hidden dangers were closely monitored or urgently eliminated.
Two, the main achievements and problems in the prevention and control of geological disasters in the past
1998 government institutional reform, the geological environment team (engineering geological team, hydrogeological team) as a part of the geological exploration team, together with the geological exploration fee, was decentralized to the local government. As a part of geological environment work, geological disasters have gradually become an important function since the institutional reform in 10, and people have paid more and more attention to it. The function of our department is to organize, coordinate, guide and supervise. In recent years, the prevention and control of geological disasters has gone through the process of investigation, general survey and engineering management, and initially formed a pattern of mainly investigating geological disasters, focusing on the Three Gorges reservoir area and earthquake-stricken areas, monitoring a few hidden dangers by professional teams, and mostly adopting group monitoring and prevention monitoring, and gradually starting the engineering management of major hidden dangers.
1. Based on the investigation of geological disasters in mountainous counties, a group monitoring and prevention system has been formed.
From 2003 to 2008, the investigation and zoning of geological disasters in the geological disaster-prone area 1640 counties were completed, and based on this achievement, the geological disaster monitoring network system was initially established. At present, 240,000 hidden dangers have been brought into the prevention and treatment system, with 65,438+10,000 people. Practice has proved that group monitoring and prevention is a pioneering work in the prevention and control of geological disasters in China, and it is the most effective monitoring system under current conditions, which has created countless miracles, saved many lives and achieved great success.
1640 county's investigation and evaluation degree is very low, each county only arranges 200,000 yuan, and only some superficial naked eye observation can be made, and basically small cracks and fissures in front of and behind the house can be found, but hidden and complicated geological disasters far away are not found. The system of mass prevention and treatment is not perfect, mainly relying on part-time jobs, lacking the necessary economic treatment and facilities. The reason is that geological disasters are mostly distributed in mountainous areas, mostly poor counties, and the county and township governments have financial difficulties.
2. Established provincial and ministerial geological disaster monitoring institutions in the Three Gorges reservoir area.
At present, China has formed a national geological environment monitoring system consisting of 1 national geological environment monitoring institutions, 32 provincial monitoring stations, 233 municipal monitoring substations and 166 county-level monitoring stations. The professional monitoring network of landslide and collapse in the Three Gorges reservoir area was initially established. Professional monitoring and demonstration of sudden geological disasters were carried out in typical areas.
The problem is that there are too few administrative personnel for geological disasters in the country, and the more they go to the grassroots level, the fewer they are, and most counties have no full-time personnel. The Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil Engineering and Development Department of Hong Kong has more than 700 people engaged in geological disaster management, less than half of whom are full-time managers in our country. There are few monitoring institutions for geological environment (geological disasters) at the city and county levels. Most cities and counties do not have geological disaster monitoring institutions, and the existing institutions still have the problems of few personnel and technicians. Generally, funds are not guaranteed, and the funds of a few institutions are included in the financial budget, most of which are self-supporting, which is very inappropriate for the nature of public welfare service institutions.
3. Laws and regulations have been gradually improved, and management has been gradually strengthened.
The State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters in 2003. 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have promulgated relevant local laws or regulations. The State Council issued the National Emergency Plan for Sudden Geological Disasters and the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Geological Disaster Prevention. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and most cities and counties in geological disaster-prone areas have issued and implemented emergency plans for sudden geological disasters and prevention plans for geological disasters. In 2009, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the Emergency Plan for Sudden Geological Disasters, which established a relatively complete emergency mechanism for geological disasters. Established a team of provincial and ministerial emergency experts. In 2009, the construction of "Ten Counties" (organized, planned, funded, preplanned, systematic, publicized, forecasted, monitored, means and warned) targeting counties (districts and cities) was carried out nationwide, and 32 1 county has been built. We will promote the construction of the "five lines" of national geological disaster prevention and control administration, career support, emergency response, expert consultation and intermediary services, and strive to improve the ability and level of geological disaster prevention and control. Since 2007, China has carried out the "Ten Thousand Villages Training Action for Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters in Rural Areas" and the "Publicity, Education and Training of Land and Resources Legal Knowledge for County, Township and Village Cadres", and trained more than 3 million grassroots cadres, monitors, the masses and students. In 20 10, the evaluation, inspection, publicity, pre-plan and "five in place" publicity and training activities for geological disaster prevention and control personnel in grass-roots land institutes and group monitoring and prevention personnel are being carried out nationwide, and 654.38+million people have been trained.
4. The work of relevant departments has been gradually strengthened.
Since 2003, our department has cooperated with the Meteorological Bureau to carry out meteorological early warning and forecasting of geological disasters. By 2009, this work had been carried out in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 223 cities and 1035 counties. This year, the Ministry and the Meteorological Bureau jointly studied to further improve the accuracy of early warning and forecasting, and jointly issued a document requesting cities and counties to carry out this work. Our department and construction, transportation, railway and other departments jointly prevent and control, and relevant departments gradually strengthen the prevention and control of geological disasters in construction engineering areas and traffic trunk lines. This year, the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Railways jointly issued a document on the prevention and control of geological disasters in flood season, invited more than 10 ministries to hold two video conferences, and * * * conducted inspections in flood season, which achieved good results.
Three. The work to be strengthened and the problems to be solved in the prevention and control of geological disasters in the future
The prevention and control of geological disasters has always been a major event that the central leadership attaches great importance to, the society pays close attention to and the people are full of expectations. On the one hand, resolutely implement the spirit of the State Council's instructions and strengthen emergency response and emergency disposal. On the one hand, actively explore and deepen reforms and improve the system of geological disaster prevention and mitigation.
1, and further carry out basic work such as geological disaster investigation, general survey and investigation.
In order to establish a perfect geological disaster prevention and mitigation system, we must increase the intensity of basic work. Carry out a comprehensive survey of geological disasters nationwide and speed up the detailed survey of key areas (3 million square kilometers). The earthquake-stricken areas and the Three Gorges reservoir area should be investigated. The investigation work should be included in the basic work, undertaken by a professional team, once every other year. The working level should be improved and some necessary engineering surveys should be deployed within 2000 meters near the concentrated area.
2, the establishment of city and county geological disasters (geological environment) monitoring institutions.
It is necessary to establish geological disaster (geological environment) monitoring institutions in cities and counties. Groundwater, land subsidence, land subsidence, mine geological environment and geological disasters all need to be monitored, and monitoring institutions in various places can aim at different regional characteristics. Monitoring institutions undertake the basic work results of geological disaster investigation, general survey, investigation, etc., and can delimit the monitoring areas, monitoring hidden danger points and inspection routes of each group of monitoring and prevention personnel according to the results and the distribution of group monitoring and prevention personnel, so that the geological survey results can play a role.
3. Strengthen the construction of the team of group prevention and treatment personnel, mainly the village party secretary, village head and village group leader.
Practice has proved that village branch secretary, village head and village head are the most suitable candidates for mass prevention and treatment. They know the local situation, are familiar with the villagers and have a sense of responsibility. It is most convenient for them to report to the township government when they are in danger of disasters, so that the grass-roots government can directly organize emergency rescue and disaster relief immediately. This group of surveillance and prevention personnel should be given unified economic treatment, and their subsidy funds should be borne by the central government, so that the level of surveillance and prevention can be raised to the highest level at this stage.
4. National, city and county disaster prevention and control command and coordination capacity building are two important links that should be strengthened at present.
Geological disasters have now become very important natural disasters, and 90% of casualties caused by heavy rains this year belong to geological disasters. It is suggested that the national geological disaster prevention and control headquarters should be established at the national level, and our department should set up an emergency center for geological disaster prevention and control as an office.
The key to the prevention and control of geological disasters lies in the grassroots, and our grassroots is the weakest. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation system in cities and counties, and form a disaster prevention system in which the central government subsidizes professional geological prospecting units to investigate geological disasters, and the monitoring institutions of geological disasters (geological environment) at the city and county levels bear the results, which are used by the group prevention and treatment personnel, and the disasters and dangers are reported to the municipal, county and township governments for emergency treatment.
5. Further increase investment in major geological disasters.
The Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters stipulates that the central and provincial governments are responsible for the management of extraordinarily serious and major geological disasters. At present, the central government only invests 900 million yuan in general treatment funds every year, which is a drop in the bucket compared with the needs of various places. If it can be increased to 4 billion per year, the progress of governance will be greatly accelerated. Doing a good job in disaster prevention in the Three Gorges reservoir area and earthquake-stricken areas is directly related to the huge investment of the country. At present, some provincial governments have also allocated some funds, but they are not universal and have not formed a system. Each province should have a special item in its annual budget. The working funds of the geological disaster (geological environment) monitoring institutions at the city and county levels should also be included in the local financial budget.