Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first mature historical novel in the history of China literature, with a total of 120 chapters. The full name is the popular romance of the Three Kingdoms. Author Luo Guanzhong was a novelist and dramatist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Chen Shou in the Jin Dynasty further processed and wrote a large-scale historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms according to the History of the Three Kingdoms and the historical books, miscellaneous notes and folklore about the Three Kingdoms.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms focuses on the struggle between the three feudal ruling groups of Wei, Shu and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. The grandeur of the conception, the vastness of the activity scene, the vividness of the characters and the high artistic level of the works are unparalleled in the world classical novels.
First, the key plot
It is said that the general trend of the world will be combined for a long time, and it will be combined for a long time. At the weekend, the seven countries divided and ruled and merged into the state of Qin. After the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, Chu and Han contended and merged into Han. In the Han Dynasty, the story of the White Snake rebelled by Emperor Gaozu and unified the whole country. Later, Wushu flourished and spread to Xian Di, where it was divided into three countries.
During the Lingdi period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were autocratic and corrupt. These two dynasties are synonymous with the darkest corruption in politics. Speaking of the worst times, it is Huan and Ling. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's last "example" does not mean that he did not lament and hate Huan Ling. So what kind of person is the spirit emperor? Where is his interest? He is not interested in national affairs. In terms of literature and art, it is said that Emperor Ling wrote very good ci and fu, and he also studied architectural art ... What did he study in the palace at that time? He studied tap water and drainage system, and designed a whole set of palace water supply and drainage system, which was very good. After his success, Emperor Ling ordered all people to drink tap water, so he went to war in Beijing. Well, you are the emperor, and you want to be in charge of the rise and fall of the world, not the ups and downs, so who will give it to? Two kinds of people: consorts and eunuchs. And this spiritual emperor, because he has to do so many things, wants money, where does the money come from, and sells officials. Lingdi sells officials to the court, clearly marks the price, and invites public bidding. The price of a stone is around 10 thousand, for example, you want to buy a deputy county official with 400 stones, 4 million; You want to buy a minister-level official with two thousand stones, twenty million; To rank third, that is, Qiu, Stuart, and 10 million, clearly marked. This is an open enterprise. If the court formally appoints you, you have to pay, but you can only pay half or a third, and you can bargain.
At that time, a man named Sima Zhi was appointed as the giant deer satrap. As soon as the power of attorney arrived, the court reached for the money. Sima Zhi said, where do I have money? I am an honest official. The court said that it knew that you were having a hard time, and you would pay for it by reducing 3 million. Sima Zhi said I really can't afford it. Can I quit this official? The court said that won't do, you can't resign! Sima Zhi was helpless and committed suicide on his way to office. He wrote a suicide note before he died, denouncing the imperial court for selling officials and titles. It's a disaster for the country and the people, a symbol of national subjugation!
But Sima Zhi, we now seem to have died in vain, because after Sima Zhi's death, more and more officials were sold in the imperial court. Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, lives in Qiu's official residence, which was bought with money. Qiu is a noble man, so many people want to indulge in the three fairs, including a man named Cui Lie. Cui Lie is also an upright official, and his family is known as the Qing Dynasty. He worked hard to become a county magistrate. At the age of nine, he always felt that our Cui family wanted a fair deal. Just then, one of the emperor's nannies was named Cheng, and the journey was over. Mrs. Cheng came to tell Cui Lie, Hey, I can get an internal discount. Cui Lie said, what is the preferential price? 50% off. Cui Lie thought 50% off was a good deal, so she gave it a 50% off. After the handover, ah, as expected, the emperor held a meeting and officially announced the appointment of Cui Lie as Stuart. When the words are finished, you see how dizzy the emperor is. He said, oh, you only paid half the money. The empire did business at a loss. As soon as his voice fell, Mrs. Cheng quit. Mrs. Cheng immediately jumped out and said that Mr. Cui was a good official. How did he buy an official? I got it for him. Or outcry, say you this Cui Lie get an official by a woman, you might as well spend money to buy you, more lose face.
Zhang Jiao launched the Yellow Scarf Uprising. Liu Bei became sworn friends with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan and participated in the suppression of the Yellow Scarf Army. Repeatedly made meritorious military service, only to the county commandant and small official, the humiliation of Du You is unbearable. Zhang Fei whipped Du You.
Dong Zhuo abolished the emperor, established Xian Di, and took charge of state affairs. Cao Cao stabbed Dong Zhuo with a knife, but failed, and fled to Liu Chen, where he joined the governors to beg Dong Zhuo. Liu, Guan and Zhang joined the allied forces. Hua Xiong, the general of Dong Zhuo, beheaded several generals of Yuan Shao, and Guan Yu and Wen Jiu beheaded Hua Xiong. In Hulao Pass, the three men and Lu Bu fought three wars and jointly defeated Dong Zhuo's master Lu Bu.
Dong Zhuo forced Xian Di to move to Chang 'an, and Luoyang was burned. Dong Zhuo became more and more arrogant in Chang 'an, and he dared to be angry and dare not speak up and down in the ruling and opposition circles. Honest ministers want to get rid of him, but there is nothing they can do. Stuart Wang Yun cleverly set up a series of tricks, first marrying the story of the singer Diusim in the government to Lu Bu, and then giving her to Dong Zhuo to alienate them. Lu Bu and Wang Yun conspired to assassinate Dong Zhuo, but Lu Bu was foolhardy and defeated by Dong Zhuo's remnants. Liu Bei helped Cao Cao kill Lu Bu, and his power increased greatly.
Cao Cao dispatched troops to take Liu Bei to see Xian Di. Xian Di admitted that Liu Bei was his uncle. Liu Bei, afraid of Cao Cao's suspicion, grows vegetables every day for recreation. Once Cao Cao and Liu Bei boiled wine to discuss heroes and wanted to test them. Liu Bei pretended to be afraid of thunder, which made Cao Cao relax his vigilance. Liu Bei took the opportunity to leave Xudu and reoccupied Xuzhou in the name of intercepting Yuan Shu.
Dong Cheng conspired with Ji Ping, a doctor too much, to poison Cao; Dong Cheng and others were attacked by slaves, Cao Cao personally invaded Xuzhou, and Liu Bei was defeated. A horse went to Yuan Shao. Guan Yu was trapped and temporarily returned to Cao Cao for about three things, even beheading Yuan Shao generals Yan Liang and Wen Chou. Later, when I learned that Liu Bei was at Yuan Shao's place, I hung up the golden seal. I protected my second sister-in-law, passed five customs, killed six generals and finally reunited with Liu Bei and Zhang Fei in the ancient city.
Battle of Guandu: Yuan Shao led an army to attack Cao Cao, and Cao Cao led an army to refuse in Guandu. Counselor Xu You suggested that Yuan Shao attack Xuchang. After being dismissed, he defected to Cao Cao. Cao Cao used Xu You's plan to attack Wu Chao at night. Defeated Yuan Shao. Later, it gradually eliminated its residual forces and basically unified the north.
Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao and attached himself to Liu Biao in Jingzhou. Take care of the thatched cottage and hire Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang put forward the strategic policy of crossing the two states of Jing and Yi, and stood in a tripartite confrontation with Cao Cao and Sun Quancheng. Liu Bei begged him to come out and help.
Cao Cao led a great army south, and Liu Biao died of illness. His wife Chua surrendered to Cao Cao with her second son Liu Qiongsi. Liu Bei left Jiangling with the people and was overtaken by Cao Jun in Dangyang, causing chaos between the army and the people. Zhao Yun rode alone to save Dou, Zhang Fei was scared off at Changban Bridge, and Liu Bei packed up the beaten army and retreated into Jiangxia. When Sun Quan sent Lu Su to explore the truth and falsehood, Zhuge Liang went to Jiangdong with Lu Su and wanted Sun Quan to refuse Cao Cao.
Sun Quan received Cao Cao's campaign; Hesitate. The war of words between Zhuge Liang and Confucianism inspired Sun Quan, and Zhou said that he was interested, so Sun Quan made up his mind to resist Cao and took Zhou Yu as the viceroy. Zhou Yu used Jiang Gan's invitation to operate as a lobbyist for Cao, and cleverly arranged a puzzle to trick him into stealing forged letters, so that Cao Cao killed Cai Mao and the two commanders of the water army by mistake. Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from a straw boat, and Zhou Yu sighed and decided to attack Cao with fire. Pang Tong offered a series of tricks. Cao Cao was arrogant and underestimated his enemy. Huang Gai boarded the boat and pretended to surrender. When he reached the Cao Jun water town, he raised the torch together. Military forces from all walks of life in Wu Dong met from all directions, and the loyal subjects were defeated. Cao Cao led the beaten army to flee, even being intercepted and blocked by Guan Yu in Huarong Road. Cao Cao talked about old feelings, and Guan Yu could not bear to let him escape. Battle of Red Cliffs.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun and Liu competed for Jingzhou, and Zhou Yu repeatedly tried to "compensate his wife and fold the soldiers". Zhuge Liang took his anger out on Zhou Yu, who died with an arrow.
Liu Bei promoted the king of Hanzhong, took Zhuge Liang as his strategist, and made Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong generals of the Five Tigers.
Guan Yu led his troops to Xiangyang and surrounded Fancheng. Cao Cao ordered General Yu Ban to be the general of conquering the south, and Pound was the pioneer, leading seven armies to rescue Fancheng. Pound carried the coffin and fought Guan Yu. The arrow hit Guan Yu's left arm, scraping the bone to cure poison. On a rainy day, Guan Yu drowned the seventh army and surrendered to the class. Pound was captured and died unyielding. Cao Cao was frightened when he heard the news and wanted to move the capital to avoid Guan Yu. Sima Yi suggested that Sun Quan attack Guan Yu's rear. Sun Quan used the plans of Lu Meng and Lu Xun to paralyze Guan Yu and attack Jingzhou while he was unprepared. Guan Yu lost Jingzhou and defeated Maicheng. When he broke through, he was captured and died unyieldingly.
Cao Cao died of illness. Less than a year after his son Cao Pi succeeded to the throne, he forced Emperor Xian of Han to abdicate, changed his country name to Wei, and forced Cao Zhi to write a "seven-step poem". Liu Bei, invited by his ministers, also called himself the Emperor after the Han Dynasty, and appointed Zhuge Liang as the Prime Minister.
In order to avenge Guan Yu, Liu Bei set out to attack Wu, regardless of the well-meaning of his ministers. Zhang Fei stabbed his men Fan Jiang and Zhang Da to death with a knife. When Liu Bei learned of this incident, he hated it more and more. He won a great victory in Wujun. Sun Quan sent messengers to make peace, but Liu Bei refused. Sun Quan worshipped Lu Xun as the viceroy, and Lu Xun insisted on not fighting. When the soldiers of Shu army were exhausted, they burned down the camp and won a great victory. Liu Beibing defeated Bai Di, and he was terminally ill, leaving Zhuge Liang alone before he died.
Zhuge Liang became a "model" and led the army to fight in the south and the north. Seven capture Meng Huo and surrender Jiang Wei. The rear of Shu and Han dynasties has been decided. Wei and Sima Yi led the troops to refuse Shu. Sima yi went straight to the street pavilion to cut the throat of Shu soldiers. Zhuge Liang ordered Ma Su to guard the street pavilion, and Ma Su set up a village on the mountain against his orders. Besieged by Wei Jun, lost street kiosks. Zhuge Liang hurriedly arranged for the withdrawal of troops and personally went to Xicheng to supervise the transportation of grain and grass. Sima Yi came to the gate with a sudden rate of 150,000 troops. Zhuge Liang used an empty plan to scare off Wei Bing, returned to Hanzhong overnight, beheaded Ma Su with tears, and relegated himself to the third place.
In the future. Zhuge Liang made several northern expeditions. Although Wei Jun was defeated repeatedly, he never achieved much. Six out of Qishan, Sima Yi stuck to the camp, Zhuge Liang worked day and night, exhausted, and died in Wuzhangyuan. Before you die, arrange everything behind you. Please follow the plan and scare Sima Yi away.
Second, the key figures
Cao Cao: An old fox, but a very talented person. "Can rule the ministers of the world, the traitors in troubled times".
Zhuge Liang: resourceful, honest, modest and prudent, conscientious. "symbol of wisdom"
Liu Bei: generous and kind, but indecisive. As the saying goes: Liu Bei's country is crying.
Guan Gong: Loyal to the liver, righteous and courageous, with both wisdom and courage.
Zhang Fei: Brave and good at fighting, grumpy and rude.
Brief introduction of Xiangzi camel
I. Introduction to the author
Camel Xiangzi is a novel written by Lao She, whose original name is Shu Qingchun, whose real name is She Yu, Manchu, and he is called "People's Artist". 1966 After the Cultural Revolution began, he was brutally persecuted and died in Taiping Lake, Xicheng, Beijing.
Second, the content essentials
The title of "Camel Xiangzi" is clearly explained at the beginning, which shows that what we are going to introduce here is not camels, but rickshaw driver Xiangzi, because Xiangzi once changed three camels for dozens of dollars, thus leaving the nickname "Camel".
In the late 1920s, the Republic of China. Xiangzi used to live in the country. /kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, he unfortunately lost his parents and a few acres of fertile land, so he went to Beiping to make a living. He was young, energetic, diligent and honest, and began to do a lot of work to make money. Finally, he decided that pulling a cart was the best job to earn money. When he pulled the rented new car, he made up his mind to save money to buy his own car. So I scrimped, didn't smoke, didn't gamble, and worked hard for three years. Finally, I scraped together 100 yuan and bought a new car. This made him almost cry with excitement. Since having this car, his life has become more and more exciting. He fantasizes that if this happens for two years, he can buy another car, one, two ... he can open a factory.
However, the good times did not last long. Warlords scuffled outside Beiping, and soldiers grabbed people and cars everywhere. One day, in order to earn two more dollars, Xiangzi invited guests out of the city by luck. Unexpectedly, on the road, people and cars were caught by more than a dozen soldiers. In the military camp, he carries luggage for the soldiers every day, draws water and boils water to feed the animals. The most distressing thing is that the car I bought with my blood and sweat was also taken away by warlords, and the ideal of self-reliance was shattered for the first time.
Later, after the defeat, Xiangzi sneaked back from the barracks in the dark and pulled three camels left behind during the defeat. At dawn, he came to a village. 35 yuan Ocean alone sold three camels to an old man. Since then, he has been nicknamed "Xiangzi Camel".
Xiangzi didn't have a home, so he lived in the original renter and garage. Si Liu, the owner of Renhe Automobile Factory, is almost 70 years old. When I was young, I was a soldier, opened a casino, bought and sold people, and forgave Yan Guo's debts. After the Republic of China, this car factory was opened. His car rental is more expensive than others, but the bachelor who pulls his car can live here. Xiangzi returned to Renhe garage and was warmly received by Si Liu's daughter Tigress.
Tigress is a bold and provocative old girl in her thirties. Every day, she helps her father manage the parking lot. She looks dignified, old, ugly and fierce. Although she is a good hand at helping her father, no one dares to marry her. There are many annoying exploiters in her personality, such as pleasure-seeking, laziness, selfishness and vulgarity, but she also has deep inner anguish and a strong desire to pursue happiness. She likes Xiangzi's diligence, simplicity and reliability, but Xiangzi doesn't love her. In order to get Xiangzi, she seduced Xiangzi by any means. One night, Tigress wiped her face, somewhat spoiled, and asked Xiangzi to go to her room for a drink. He finally got drunk, and Xiangzi suddenly thought Tigress was really beautiful at this time, so he slept with her somehow. Xiangzi woke up and felt very sad and depressed. He decided to leave the car factory and make a clean break with Si Liu.
One day, Xiangzi met his old customer, Mr. Cao, in Anmen. Mr. Cao is a teacher and needs a coachman. Xiangzi is happy to come to Cao's house once a month. Mr. and Mrs. Cao are very kind to people, and Xiangzi thinks everything here is so kind and warm that he can't talk about it. He went to buy a can of stuffed gourd, put the money he earned bit by bit and prepared to buy a car for the second time in the future.
One night, Tigress suddenly appeared in front of Xiangzi and pointed to her stomach and said, "I have it!" " Xiangzi was surprised and confused. When Tigress left, she returned Xiangzi's thirty dollars to Si Liu, and asked him to pay respects to Si Liu on the 27th of the twelfth lunar month, her father's birthday, to please the old man, and then tried to get Si Liu to recruit him as a son-in-law. That night, Xiangzi tossed and turned and couldn't sleep. He felt as if he had fallen into a trap, his hands and feet were trapped, and he couldn't escape.
Mr. Cao's socialist remarks attracted the attention of detectives, offended the education authorities and had to take refuge far away. He sent Xiangzi home to deliver the letter. No sooner had Xiangzi arrived at Cao Zhai to ring the doorbell than he was caught by a spy who was ordered to follow him. It turned out that this spy named Sun was the platoon leader of the mutinous soldiers who had arrested Xiangzi. He took part in underground activities under the guise of Mr. Cao. Sun Paichang told Xiangzi that he let you fart and killed you, forcing Xiangzi to take out the gourd jar and take all his money. Xiangzi's hope of buying a car for the second time was dashed. He said with tears, "Who have I offended?" ! "His ideal of pursuing an independent life was shattered again.
Soon, Mr. Cao's family left Beiping. The next day Xiangzi had to go back to Renhe garage. Tigress was very happy to see Xiangzi back. Master Si Liu doesn't want to marry his daughter to a rickshaw puller. I am even more afraid that Xiangzi will inherit as a son-in-law. Tell Xiangzi to fuck off. Tigress didn't buy her father's account. She made public her relationship with Xiangzi and said that she was determined to go with Xiangzi.
Tigress had a big fight with her father, rented a house in a building with Xiangzi, and became relatives. Only after the marriage did Xiangzi know that Tigress was not really pregnant. Xiangzi felt cheated and hated worrying about girls. Tigress is going to give in to her father and inherit the old man's estate after she spends more than 400 yuan. But I didn't expect my father to leave her, sell the factory and take the money to enjoy life in other places. Tigress was very disappointed at the news. She saw clearly that she could only be a driver's wife all her life. After crying, she gave Xiangzi 100 yuan and bought a car in the same hospital at a low price. Xiangzi was just unhappy when he got his own car.
Soon, Tigress was really pregnant. Xiangzi pulled the cart and worked hard. Xiangzi is ill. This serious illness not only exhausted his physical strength, but also exhausted Tigress's money. In order to make a living, Xiangzi pulled a rickshaw desperately. Tigress is having a baby. Because of age, inactivity, love to eat snacks, the fetus is too big, and she died during childbirth. Xiangzi was forced to sell his car for Tigress's funeral, and all his efforts to go to town in recent years were in vain. The desire to own a car that truly belongs to him is like a ghost, which will never be firmly grasped, but will suffer those hardships and grievances. After repeated setbacks, his desire to live an independent life by his own labor was finally completely shattered.
In fact, in that society at that time, would you have a good life if you bought a car? In order to have a car, neighbor Er Qiangzi betrothed her daughter to an officer, which is tantamount to selling her daughter and buying a car. When the scenery is good for a while, you can't make money pulling carts in a panic day, and you are not as strong as Xiangzi, and your body is not strong enough. When the money ran out, he lost his temper after drinking at home and killed his wife. In order to take care of his wife, he sold his car to Tigress. After selling the car, he felt sorry for his wife and started drinking again, getting drunk every day, regardless of his two children at home. The daughter returned home after being abandoned by her husband, forcing her to sell herself to support her family. She often goes home to ask her for money, and if she asks for money, she gets drunk. He is the most shameful person in the book, and also the most miserable and pitiful person. It can be said that a person runs a family of five, and the oppression of life makes him breathless. He wants to anesthetize himself with alcohol. Whenever he wakes up, he feels sorry for his daughter and two sons, which makes him more desperate and becomes a complete scum.
Xiangzi sympathized with his family, especially Joy. He often came to help with some housework, and gradually they fell in love. On the day he was moving out of the compound, Joy came to see him and offered to live with him. Xiangzi liked this wicked woman from the bottom of his heart, but he was unable to support his family. Xiangzi looked at Joy, whose eyes were swollen with tears, and said cruelly, "Wait! When I get acquainted, I will definitely marry you. "
He found another garage and pulled up the rickshaw. When Mr. Cao came back from refuge, he asked Xiangzi to come back to collect the moon and promised him to take Xi 'er to live with him. Xiangzi was filled with a glimmer of hope and light. Xiangzi went to Xi 'er with good news, but Xi 'er hanged himself because of the inhuman life of prostitutes.
He was completely desperate. He lost any confidence in life, lost all motivation to move forward, from ambition to strength, and became self-indulgent. From then on, when he was in the Xia family near Yonghe Palace, he became another person-completely opposite to Xiangzi in the past. Young Mrs. Xia seduced Xiangzi and made him catch gonorrhea. From then on, he began to give up on himself, smoking and drinking, stealing, betraying his friends, becoming lazier and dirtier day by day, and finally becoming an idle tramp. In order to fill his stomach, he went to flag other people's weddings or funerals.
Sometimes he thinks he should live a good life, but when he thinks about his experience, he loses confidence. What if he's stronger? Wasn't he stronger before? Finally, like everyone else, he may be happier every day. He completely degenerated, a simple, honest, kind and strong rural youth degenerated into a sympathetic gangster, and finally fell down on the street like a dog and could never get up again. As the author said, "decent, strong, dreamy, self-interested, powerful and great Xiangzi has attended many funerals with others, and I don't know when and where to bury himself, the son of this degenerate, selfish, unfortunate and socially morbid fetus, and the last ghost of individualism!" The dark old society turned people into ghosts. Xiangzi is the epitome of the poor working people in the old society, and he reflects the hardships and helplessness of the working people in the old society.
Back in the garage, Xiangzi slept for two days. He didn't return to Mr. Cao. He doesn't want anything. He doesn't want anything. Living is everything, and he doesn't need to think about anything. "
Third, the character.
Xiangzi-kind, honest, hardworking and miserable.
Tigress-aggressive, calculating and lazy.