Because of its long history of psychological counseling and psychotherapy, foreign countries have established a relatively perfect supervision system and system. Every counselor and psychotherapist has their own supervision. With the development of domestic psychological counseling industry and the increase of psychological counseling and psychotherapy practitioners, everyone has realized the importance of psychological supervision and began to try psychological supervision. First, according to the relationship between supervisors and consultants, they can be divided into two categories, one is the superior supervisor and the other is the supervisor at the same level. The former is the supervision of different levels of consultants between high-level supervisors and low-level consultants; The latter is the supervision between peers and peers.
Two, according to the schedule, can be divided into two categories, one is full-time supervision, one is temporary supervision. The former is continuous, lasting and regular systematic supervision; The latter is short-term, targeted and intermittent supervision. Usually, consultants can make choices according to their different needs.
Third, supervision can be divided into three forms according to the way in which the supervised and supervised participate: personal supervision, usually one-on-one supervision between a supervisor and a student; Group supervision refers to the supervision of a group of students by a supervisor; Informal supervision is usually a process of supervision between experienced therapists, compared with regular supervision between teachers and students with systematic settings. Its purpose is to discuss special cases or difficult cases; Share experience, exchange information and update knowledge. In group supervision, the competition between peers is a unique incentive problem, and it is also a problem that groups must solve. There are two views on the focus of supervision:
Traditional view: supervision mainly points out students' mistakes in treatment and shows correct psychoanalytic skills. Pay attention to students' subconscious reaction to patients' problems during treatment. Current view: the focus of supervision is not to explore the subconscious motivation of students' problems, but to help students perceive their own problems. As for solving problems, students should do it through self-analysis or personal analysis. Strictly speaking, the object of clinical psychological supervision is all people, including people of all ages, situations and psychological qualities and levels. According to the above definition, the scope of clinical psychological supervision includes correcting people with mental illness and psychological disorder, regulating people with psychological problems and psychological abnormalities, and encouraging, cultivating and promoting normal people without psychological problems. Therefore, the object of psychological supervision includes two kinds of people with abnormal psychology and normal psychology, in fact, the whole crowd.
The role of clinical psychological supervision in professional norms is at least as long as the oldest profession of medicine. In addition, educators and supervisors have always been respected in society, as the famous Hippocratic oath said:
I swear to Apollo, the sun god, Escola Pioz, the medical god, health and all the gods that I will do my best and judge, I will keep my oath, treat those who ask me for help as my parents, I will share my things with them, and I will help him reduce the burden of poverty when necessary; Take his descendants as my brothers and sisters ... (Hippocrates, about 400 BC).