Official website announces equity pledge inquiry.
2. Examples of indirect financing?
Bank credit, credit from non-bank financial institutions, entrusted loans, financial leasing, project financing loans, etc.
Refers to the financing activities carried out through financial institutions, such as bank credit, credit from non-bank financial institutions, entrusted loans, financial leasing, project financing loans, etc.
3. What is the difference between stock direct financing and indirect financing?
direct finance
Direct financing is the symmetry of indirect financing. A financing method without financial institutions as intermediaries. The transfer of monetary funds will be carried out after the unit that needs to integrate funds and the unit that needs financing reach an agreement directly. The forms of direct financing are: buying and selling securities, prepaying goods and selling goods on credit, and not borrowing through banks and other financial institutions.
Direct financing is a financing mechanism with stocks and bonds as the main financial instruments. The direct financing market, also known as the securities market, is the place where the fund supplier and the fund demander directly finance through financial instruments such as stocks and bonds. Direct financing can absorb social hot money as much as possible and directly invest in the production and operation of enterprises, thus making up for the shortage of indirect financing.
Tools for direct financing: mainly commercial bills and direct loan certificates, stocks and bonds.
Direct financing is a form of financing in which the supply and demand sides of funds directly form the relationship between creditor's rights and debts through certain financial instruments.
Advantages of direct financing (1) The supply and demand sides of funds are closely linked, which is conducive to the rapid and rational allocation of funds and the improvement of utilization efficiency.
(2) Low financing cost and high return on investment.
Disadvantages of direct financing
(1) There are many restrictions on the amount, term and interest rate of direct financing.
(2) The liquidity of financial instruments used in direct financing is weaker than that in indirect financing, and their liquidity is lower.
(3) Direct financing is risky.
Indirect financing
[Edit this paragraph] The concept of indirect financing
Indirect financing refers to the process in which units with temporarily idle monetary funds provide their temporarily idle funds to these financial intermediaries in the form of deposits, or buy securities issued by banks, trusts, insurance and other financial institutions, and then these financial institutions provide funds to these units in the form of loans and discounts, or buy securities issued by units that need funds, so as to realize financing.
[Edit this paragraph] Types of indirect financing
Indirect financing mainly includes the following types:
(1) Bank credit. Bank credit and credit provided to customers by other financial institutions in the form of money are financing forms with banks as intermediary financial institutions.
(2) Consumer credit. Mainly refers to the loans provided by banks to consumers for purchasing houses or durable consumer goods.
The basic feature of indirect financing is financing through financial intermediaries, which consists of two links: financial institutions raising funds and using funds. Securities issued by financial institutions are called indirect securities.
[Edit this paragraph] Characteristics of indirect financing
(1) indirectness. In indirect financing, there is no direct loan relationship between the demander and the initial provider of funds; Financial intermediaries act as a bridge between capital demanders and initial suppliers. The initial fund suppliers and fund demanders only had financing relations with financial intermediaries.
(2) Relative concentration. Indirect financing is carried out through financial intermediaries. In most cases, financial intermediary is not a one-to-one intermediary between a certain fund supplier and a certain fund demander; But on the one hand, facing the comprehensive intermediary of fund suppliers, on the other hand, we can see that financial institutions have the status and role of financing center in indirect financing.
(3) There is little difference in word of mouth. Because indirect financing is relatively concentrated in financial institutions, the management of financial institutions is generally strict in all countries of the world, and the management of financial institutions themselves is mostly bound by the corresponding prudent management principles. In addition, some countries have implemented deposit insurance systems. Therefore, compared with direct financing, indirect financing is more credible, less risky and more stable.
(4) They are all reversible. Indirect financing through financial intermediaries belongs to loan financing, and it must be repaid and interest paid at maturity, which is reversible.
(5) The initiative of financing is mainly in the hands of financial intermediaries. In indirect financing, funds are mainly concentrated in financial institutions, and who to lend money to and who not to lend it to is not determined by the initial fund supplier, but by financial institutions. For the initial fund suppliers, although they have the initiative to supply funds, this initiative is actually limited. Therefore, the initiative of indirect financing is largely dominated by financial intermediaries.
It should be noted that financing can also be classified from other different angles. For example, financing can be divided into loan financing or investment financing according to whether interest is paid and whether it can be repaid; From the different forms of financing, it can be divided into monetary financing and physical financing; According to different financing countries, it can be divided into domestic financing and international financing; From different financing currencies, it can be divided into local currency financing and foreign exchange financing; Judging from the length of the term, it can be divided into long-term financing, medium-term financing and short-term financing; According to whether the purpose of financing is policy, it can be divided into policy financing and commercial financing; In terms of whether there is great risk in financing, it can be divided into risk financing and prudent financing. The above financing methods are intertwined, both in direct financing and indirect financing, not independent of these two financing methods.
Observing different financing methods from different angles, we will find that different financing methods have different functional characteristics. Investigating the different characteristics of different financing methods is of great significance for customers to choose specific financing methods according to their needs.
4. Examples of indirect financing?
Bank credit, credit from non-bank financial institutions, loans, etc.
Refers to the financing activities carried out through financial institutions, such as bank credit, credit from non-bank financial institutions, entrusted loans, financial leasing, project financing loans, etc.