Development and types of building insulation materials Recently, experts have redefined green materials-materials that minimize the load on the global environment and are beneficial to human health in the processes of raw material adoption, product manufacturing, use or recycling, and waste disposal, also known as "environmental coordination materials". Using good thermal insulation technology and materials in construction and industry can often get twice the result with half the effort. Statistics show that every ton of mineral wool insulation products used in construction can save one ton of oil a year. The application of Beijing Anyuan Beili energy-saving residential district shows that the annual coal saving rate per unit area is 1 1.9 1 kg standard coal/square meter. Using good insulation measures and materials to insulate industrial equipment and pipelines can significantly reduce production energy consumption and cost, improve the environment and have good economic benefits. For example, in industrial equipment and pipeline engineering, good thermal insulation conditions can reduce the heat loss by about 95%, and the investment usually used for thermal insulation materials can be recovered by saving energy for about one year. Before 1980, the development of thermal insulation materials in China was very slow. A few thermal insulation materials factories can only produce a small amount of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, slag wool, superfine glass wool, microporous calcium silicate and other products. At that time, there were few mineral wool factories with production capacity below 1 10,000 tons, and there were only three kinds of loose cotton and calcium silicate insulation materials with an annual output of 8000 cubic meters. The quantity and quality of products can't meet the requirements. The main energy-saving thermal insulation materials are compared as follows: mineral wool and its products mineral wool is a high-quality thermal insulation material, and its production and application have a history of 100 years. 1840, it was first discovered in Britain that molten slag was injected to form fibers to produce slag cotton. 1880, Germany and Britain began to produce cotton residue, and then other countries used and produced it one after another, and large-scale production and application began in the 1930s. From 1960 to 1980, mineral wool developed fastest in the world. Since 1980, the output of mineral wool products in the world has been in a relatively stable stage, mainly due to the accelerated development of other thermal insulation materials such as glass wool and foam plastics and the slow development of developed countries. In recent years, the annual output of mineral wool products in the world is about 8 million tons, and mineral wool is the most widely used in buildings, such as 85% in Britain, 70% in Germany, 92% in Japan and more than 90% in the United States. In the early 1980s, Beijing introduced the Swedish 1.63 million ton production line, which made China's thermal insulation materials take a big step towards scale, better performance and more complete varieties and specifications. Subsequently, Harbin, Taiyuan, Hohhot, Qiqihar, Urumqi, Dongguan, Yinchuan, Xining, Shanghai, Beijing and China were introduced from Sweden, Japan, Australia, Italy, Britain and Poland to build production lines in Nanjing. There are 80 production enterprises with a production capacity of 3,000 tons/year and about 180 production enterprises with a design capacity of 550,000 tons. Rock wool production technology: the uniformity of rock wool produced by small factories is poor; Imported equipment can automatically adjust the speed and thickness of cotton distribution, which is directly proportional to the large cotton output and the fast driving wheel speed. Therefore, the bulk density of rock wool in Dachang is uniform and the content of slag balls is small. Glass wool and its products are a kind of heat insulation material with light bulk density and good heat insulation performance after rock wool. Japan 1990 produced 205,000 tons, the United States198519.25 million tons, and France19841kloc-0/5,000 tons. Before 1980s, there were only a few small factories in China with single variety and poor quality. In the mid-1980s, Japanese spinning technology and equipment were introduced from Shanghai and Beijing, and centrifugal injection production was adopted. Products include: board, felt, shell, decorative ceiling, etc. Features: light weight, generally 10-96kg/m3, felt below 20kg/m3, medium hard board of 24-48kg/m3, and hard board of 48-96kg/m3, of which 48kg/m3 can be used as ceiling, with softening point of about 500°C and heat preservation of 300 C. It is widely used in the United States. Calcium silicate thermal insulation products were successfully developed in China in the 1970s. They are widely used in power systems because of their high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, convenient construction and reusability. At the end of 1994, there were nearly 50 production enterprises in China, with a total designed production capacity of nearly 300,000 square meters. At present, only more than 30 enterprises can maintain normal production, with an annual output of about150,000 square meters. Its application is impacted by mineral wool, with high price and poor publicity, which has restricted production in recent years. Application: high temperature resistance, relatively low price, the biggest defect is that it is easy to crack after thermal expansion and the weld is staggered; There is room for hot air to come out and cold air to go in. Although the temperature of the outer protective surface is not high, the heat loss is large. Aluminum silicate fiber Aluminum silicate fiber, also known as refractory fiber, is mainly used as insulation material for kiln. 197 1 successfully developed in China. At present, there are about 200 production enterprises with a total production capacity of over 40,000 tons/year and an annual output of nearly 20,000 tons. There are many varieties, including ordinary aluminum silicate fiber, high-purity aluminum silicate fiber, high-aluminum fiber and aluminum-containing fiber and a small number of products, all of which are middle and low-grade products; Polycrystalline mullite fiber, polycrystalline alumina fiber, polycrystalline zirconia fiber and other high-grade products. Most of them are generally produced in small domestic workshops, and then four production lines were introduced from the United States. Advanced technology, stable quality, can withstand the temperature of 800- 1250℃: the acidity derivative is above 2.0, and it is resistant to high temperature. Generally, chemical pipelines are above 1000 C, so this material must be used. The dissolution temperature is about 2000℃. Foam plastic is a kind of plastic product mainly made of synthetic resin, and there are countless small holes in it. It has the advantages of low thermal conductivity and processing and molding, and has just begun to be used in buildings. Mainly used in packaging industry (such as refrigerator), underground direct buried pipeline insulation and cold storage. The main products are polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam, but there are problems in their application in the construction field. In recent years, steel mesh sandwich panels and color steel composite sandwich panels have developed rapidly, but there are also some limitations. With the increasingly strict requirements of building fire protection, a new topic is put forward for the application of this material.
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