The life of sugarcane can be divided into five stages: germination, seedling formation, tillering and stem elongation.
The growth rate, yield and sugar content of sugarcane are closely related to climatic conditions, especially temperature and moisture conditions. 1. Spring planting: Sugarcane planted from February to April is called spring planting. After planting in spring, although the temperature is low, it can meet the requirements of sugarcane germination and seedling growth. Summer has high temperature, strong sunlight, long sunshine and sufficient rainfall, which is suitable for sugarcane tillering and cane growth. After cooling in autumn, due to the large temperature difference between day and night, the rainfall decreases and the sunshine is sufficient, which is beneficial to the accumulation of sugar. Because of the short growth period and high land utilization rate, planting sugarcane in spring is suitable for the intensive cultivation, rotation and multiple cropping system with a large population and a small land. Planting sugarcane in early spring can not only advance seedling emergence, prolong growth period and increase yield, but also advance jointing to avoid the peak of moth damage. However, in early spring, we must plant in sunny days, with cold tail and warm head. Otherwise, if we plant in low temperature and rainy period, the soil moisture will be too high, and the seedlings will not germinate, which will easily lead to pineapple disease or rotten seedlings, resulting in seedling shortage. In case of dry weather, it is necessary to fight drought and scramble for seeds to ensure that seedlings germinate in time. 2. summer sowing: Sow in May and June, and harvest in late March to mid-April of the following year. Because of its short growth period, low sugar accumulation, low yield and high cost, only a small amount of collocation cultivation is carried out in areas with large population and few land, high temperature in winter and frost-free all the year round. In order to obtain higher yield of sugarcane in summer sowing, it is necessary to have better water and fertilizer conditions and higher management level. 3. Autumn planting: sow in August-10, and harvest in the following year 10. The growth period can be as long as 14- 18 months. It is more suitable to plant sugarcane in autumn from "Bailu" to "Cold Dew". The yield is higher than that of sugarcane planted in spring, and the sugar content is also 1-2%. Planting sugarcane in autumn takes a long time and seedlings are not easy to solve, so planting less. 4. Winter planting: plant from June 165438+ 10 to June 65438+ 10, the sooner the better, and plant in the frost-free period. The main problems of sugarcane planting in winter are low temperature, drought and many pests and diseases. Therefore, it is required to have enough organic base fertilizer and thick covering soil when planting, which is beneficial to heat preservation and moisture retention. At present, planting sugarcane in winter basically adopts plastic film mulching or film seedling transplanting technology in winter or early spring, which promotes the whole, even and strong seedlings of sugarcane in winter and lays a good foundation for increasing production. Compared with newly planted sugarcane, perennial sugarcane has the advantages of saving sugarcane seeds, reducing cost, early growth, early maturity and high sugar yield. Therefore, as long as it is suitable for newly planted sugarcane planting and the buds are not frozen to death at low temperature in winter, perennial cultivation can be carried out. However, due to the low yield of ratoon sugarcane and the gradual increase of yield reduction with the extension of ratoon years, one-year ratoon cultivation system is generally adopted.
Sugarcane can be divided into fruit cane and sugarcane according to their uses. According to the shape, it can also be divided into sugarcane "Black King Kong" and sugarcane "Black and Green Gang".
Fruit cane is a kind of sugarcane specially used for fresh food. It has the characteristics of easy tearing, less fiber, moderate sugar content, crisp stem, delicious juice, good taste, thick stem, long node and beautiful stem shape.
Sugarcane, with high sugar content, is the raw material for sugar production, and is generally not used for fresh food in the market. Because of the coarse hard fiber and poor taste, it is only eaten fresh occasionally in the producing area.