1. Deepen the system reform and handle the relationship between the government and the market.
On the one hand, deepen the reform of the economic system. Clarify the orientation of "mine" industry and implement unified management of exploration and development. The separation system of exploration and mining formed under China's planned economy system stems from the fact that exploration is classified as the tertiary industry and mining as the secondary industry, which is no longer suitable for China's market economic system and market laws. Under the market economy system, exploration and mining are inseparable (in mechanism). It is in line with international practice to classify exploration and mining as the primary industry, which is of great significance to the development of mining industry, especially from the reality of our country. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the reform of economic system, establish a new mining management system, and implement the system of "horizontal centralized and unified, vertical hierarchical and classified management" in mining industry. Solve the current problems such as separation of exploration and mining, many horizontal policies in management, and vertical struggle for power and profit.
On the other hand, deepen the reform of the administrative management system and the administrative examination and approval system. We will promote the separation of government and enterprise, government and capital, and government and society, continue to simplify administration and decentralize power, promote the transformation of government functions, create a good development environment, provide quality public services, and safeguard social fairness and justice. At present, the outstanding problems to be solved are to standardize government investment and improve the new mechanism of geological prospecting. The core content of the new geological prospecting mechanism of "public welfare first, business follow-up, fund connection, comprehensive exploration and rapid breakthrough" is the investment mode and economic relationship of different investors. In recent years, great progress has been made in geological exploration, which is largely the result of the rapid growth of exploration investment. In particular, the government has increased public welfare investment and stimulated business investment, with obvious results. At present, it is necessary to further improve the new mechanism, study the relationship between government input and social input, and focus on standardizing government input. According to the survey, the basic sources of funds invested by some provincial governments are resource compensation fees and the price of two rights. The forms of prospecting investment are mostly "provincial finance" and "provincial fund". Some provincial financial investments and provincial fund investments are basically the same operation mode. In some provinces, a considerable number of units undertaking "provincial finance" and "provincial fund" prospecting projects have no mining rights and work for the government. The alienation of mining right price system and the dislocation of funds promote the separation of government and capital, and the government controls mining rights, which inhibits the basic role of market allocation in mineral resources exploration and development, and affects the healthy development of the strategic action of prospecting breakthrough.
2. Indirect management of laws and regulations and macro-control of policies and measures.
At present, relevant government departments need to revise and adjust some laws and regulations that affect the strategic action of prospecting breakthrough, and revise and formulate relevant policies.
Amend the current mineral resources law. The current mineral resources law was formed during the transition from planned economy to market economy, which is far from the overall requirements of market economy and international practice. For example, Huize lacks legal provisions on the expression of mineral resources related to national security, sustainable economic and social development and people's livelihood; The exploration and development of mineral resources and environmental protection are not planned in an overall way with the construction of ecological civilization, and there is no legal provision for the economical and intensive use of resources; Lack of relevant legal provisions on usufructuary right of mining right matching with Property Law; There are some problems in the legal provisions, such as poor generality and operability. Under the new situation, it is urgent to form a legal guarantee for the protection of mineral resources and the development of mining industry.
Adjust the current resource tax collection method. At present, the tax and fee system of mineral resources has not adapted to the new situation of mineral resources exploration and development, which is not conducive to the conservation and intensive utilization of resources, to the transformation of mining development mode, resulting in unreasonable mineral prices and unfair distribution of mining income. Among them, it is necessary to focus on adjusting resource compensation fees and resource taxes. The paid use of mineral resources is different from the general usufructuary right, and its use is exhaustive. Mineral resources compensation fee is monetary assets compensation for resource assets depletion, and the current tax rate is low and the compensation is insufficient; Resource tax is the adjustment of differential income generated by mineral resources as resource capital in production and business activities. At present, it is a partial collection, and it is levied according to the quantity, so the scope of collection should be expanded and ad valorem collection should be made.
Solve the problem of alienation of mining right price system. The mining right price system was established under the specific conditions of the transition from planned economy to market economy system in China. It is the mineral land formed by state-funded exploration and transfer, and the cost paid by the state for its return on investment. In recent years, the range of prices has expanded, confusing "state-owned rights and interests" with "exploration investment rights and interests". In some places, no matter who the investor is, no matter whether the mineral land is formed or not, all exploration and mining rights are charged. The amount of money exceeds the cost of geological prospecting investment. In some places, the expected income from mining is levied in full in advance, and the amount is getting bigger and bigger, far exceeding the resource compensation fee and resource tax. In fact, it is speculating resources. In this regard, it is necessary to accurately distinguish the "state-owned rights and interests" and "exploration investment rights and interests" of mineral resources, establish a separate operation mechanism, adjust its disposal methods, and revise and improve the evaluation theory and methods and related criteria. In a perfect mining right market, the "mining right value" (investors' rights and interests) is determined by the market, and mining rights holders of different ownership systems trade equally in the market, and the market plays a fundamental role in the allocation of mining rights.
Solve the dislocation problem of "funds" in some places. The geological exploration fund was established under the condition that China's geological exploration venture capital market has not yet been established. Its purpose is to reduce exploration risks, guide social funds to conduct commercial mineral exploration, and indirectly play a financing role for commercial geological exploration. Since the implementation of geological prospecting fund system, it has played a positive role in geological prospecting, but at present, the use of geological prospecting fund by some local governments is equivalent to the government's financial investment in prospecting, which has formed the problem of competing for power with the market and profits with enterprises. Due to the misplacement of funds, social funds were squeezed out. Therefore, it is necessary to study and solve the problem of misplacement of geological prospecting funds in some places.
Revise and formulate technical regulations for geological survey and mineral exploration. Technical specification of exploration is the technical standard of exploration activities and the scale to measure the quality of exploration. In the new era, the field of geological survey services has been continuously expanded, and new technologies and methods of mineral exploration have been constantly updated. At present, the original technical regulations for geological survey and mineral exploration are outdated and aging, and need to be revised according to the new needs of exploration. At the same time, new technical regulations should be formulated to meet the needs of geological survey and mineral exploration under the conditions of market economy. In addition, it is necessary to study and solve the problems of incomplete standardization construction system, uncoordinated related standards, inconsistent information standards and backward key technical standards for information enjoyment.
3. Respect the market rules and improve the mining market.
The exploration and development of mineral resources should play the basic role of market allocation to a greater extent and in a wider scope. We must establish and improve China's unified, open and orderly mining rights market and mining factor market. Strengthen policy support and information guidance and establish a tangible trading platform; To establish and improve the operation rules of mining rights market and standardize the operation of mining rights market, it is especially necessary to strengthen the construction of mining rights transfer market at present. Mining right transfer market is a means for the government to adopt market mode, and the transfer market is the real market allocation. It is necessary to strengthen market supervision, maintain market order, protect the legitimate rights and interests of various market entities, and realize the standardization and order of mining rights market and mining factor market.
It is necessary to establish and improve a market system that is compatible with the mining rights market. For the formed mineral exploration technical labor service market, it is necessary to formulate different types and grades of qualification conditions, strictly enter the system, and standardize market behavior. Build a financing platform for mineral exploration, establish a risk incentive mechanism for mineral exploration, establish a standardized mining capital market, and form a benign interaction between mining rights market and mining capital market.
It is necessary to standardize intermediary organizations and give better play to the role of trade associations. It is necessary to rectify the existing intermediary organizations, standardize their qualifications, strictly control, strengthen self-discipline, improve their level, and give full play to their objective and fair intermediary role. Give full play to the role of trade associations, and suggest that trade associations gradually undertake the formulation and revision of relevant technical standards and norms, integrate with international standards, and improve the relevant systems of mining right evaluation and reserve evaluation.
Create a good policy environment and stimulate the vitality of market players.
Deepen the reform of state-owned mining enterprises. It will be transformed into a joint-stock company, from the separation of exploration and mining under the planned economy system to the integration of exploration and mining (mechanism) under the market economy, and a scientific corporate governance structure will be established to realize the separation of ownership and management rights. State-owned holding and equity participation will solve the problem of separation of government and enterprise from the system. Enhance the power and stimulate the vitality with the reform of the property rights system, and actively play the role of the market main body.
Guide and support non-public mining enterprises. With the deepening of China's economic system reform and the vigorous development of mining industry, private mining enterprises have become the main body of the mining market. Private mining enterprises conform to the trend of market economy system in management system and organizational structure, operation mechanism and talent management, but there are obstacles in social identity and fair policy environment, which need to be dredged. We should conscientiously implement the two "unswerving" put forward in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (unswervingly consolidating and developing the state-owned economy and unswervingly encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the non-public economy), treat the non-public economy equally, enable it to use production factors equally, be equally protected by law, and support the development of non-public mining enterprises. Give full play to the main role of state-owned geological prospecting units. State-owned geological prospecting units have made great contributions to the development of China's geological undertakings and have great advantages in talent information and equipment. However, these advantages are bound by the current system and have not been fully exerted. It is necessary to speed up the classification and promote the reform of public institutions, and separate those engaged in production and business activities from those engaged in public welfare activities in state-owned geological prospecting units, performing their duties and taking their positions. Let geological prospecting units engaged in production and business activities be transformed into enterprises, become the main body of the mining market, and play a greater role in prospecting breakthroughs.
(Originally published in China Land and Resources, 2065438+March 27, 2003)