The growth rate of world goose production since 1 and 1992 basically reflects the development trend of goose industry. During the period from 1992 to 1996, the yield of geese increased rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 18.52%, while during the period from 1997 to 2002, it is expected that the average annual growth rate of world goose yield will remain at 2% for a long time.
2. In some areas or countries, the distribution of geese is quite concentrated, showing great imbalance.
According to FAO statistics, Asia is the region where geese are most widely distributed. 1920,000 geese were slaughtered in Asia in 1992, accounting for 82% of the world total. In 2002, the number of Asian geese slaughtered reached 488 million, accounting for 93.28% of the world total.
3. In recent ten years, the rapid growth of goose industry in the world is largely attributed to the rapid development of goose industry in China.
The proportion of China's goose meat production to the world's total goose meat production: 19 1.84%, 49.47% in 1980 and 66.57% in 1992./kloc. Therefore, the production situation of goose industry in China plays a decisive role in the development of goose industry in the world.
4. Compared with chicken, the import and export volume of goose meat is small, and the imported goose meat mainly comes from some developed countries.
From 1990 to 1996, the world's goose imports continued to increase, reaching a peak (55,694 tons) in 1996, while 1997 and 1998 dropped sharply and rose to 489,438 in 2006. From 65438 to 0996, goose meat imported from developed countries accounted for 98.23% of the world total. Since 1996, the import of goose meat from some developing countries and low-income countries has been increasing. In 200 1 year, the import of goose meat in developing countries accounted for 27.65% of the world total, while the share of developed countries decreased to 72.35%. The top five countries importing goose meat in 200 1 year are: Germany (25 167 tons), Chinese mainland (12,298 tons), Austria (3,892 tons), France (277 1 ton) and Switzerland (/kloc).
Since 1990s, the export volume of goose meat has been fluctuating. According to FAO statistics, the export volume of goose meat in 1990 was 2,633 tons, reaching the highest level in 2000 (48 140 tons), which was 8.28 times that of 1990, while the export volume of goose meat decreased by 5,438+0 years in 2006. The growth rate is very fast 1990, the export volume of Europe is only 645 tons, and the export volume of geese in 1999 reaches 26,080 tons, which is 40.43 times that of 1990, and 37 in 2006 1990. Followed by Asia, the total export volume in 2000 was 2448 1 ton, accounting for 50.85% of the world total, while in 2006 it was 5438+0, accounting for only 35. 16% of the world total. The top three countries exporting goose meat in 200 1 year are: Hungary (20564 tons), China (12985 tons) and Austria (2202 tons). The export volume of Hungarian goose meat remained stable. The export volume of goose meat in Chinese mainland reached its peak in 2000 (24,276 tons). In 200 1 year, the output of goose meat in Chinese mainland was 37 times that of Hungary, but the export volume was only 63. 14% of Hungary's. The reason is worth pondering.
5. The import and export trade volume of foie gras fluctuates greatly, and its fluctuation range is directly related to the import volume in Europe.
1990, the world import of foie gras was 4 137 tons, 1996 decreased to 2,608 tons, in 2000 it reached 4 157 tons, and in 2006 it decreased to 3,306 tons in 5438+0 years, indicating that the total import of foie gras in the world did not change much. In 200 1 year, Europe imported the most foie gras in the world, accounting for 7 1.7 1% of the world total, followed by Asia, accounting for 20.54% of the world total, with few imports from other countries or regions. The top five countries importing 200 1 foie gras are France (86 1 ton), Austria (689 tons), Japan (380 tons), the United States (246 tons) and Switzerland (188 tons).
Before 1999, the world's foie gras exports showed a rapid growth momentum. According to FAO statistics, the export volume of 199916 tons of goose liver reached 1320 1 ton, which was 65438+. The sharp drop of fatty liver export may be related to the sharp drop of Dutch export after 1999. The export volume of fatty liver in the Netherlands 1999 ranked first in the world (9878 tons), and in 2006 it was only 1 1 ton. The largest export volume of foie gras is developed countries, with 1999 export 13 174 tons, accounting for 99.8% of the world total. In 200 1 year, the total export volume of Asia was 688 tons, accounting for 19.23% of the world total. The top five countries exporting 200 1 foie gras are Hungary (1799 tons), Austria (663 tons), Thailand (494 tons), Belgium (236 tons) and Israel (187 tons).
Second, the current situation of goose production in China
In recent years, the number and production scale of geese in China have been expanding, and there is a trend of rapid development, but there are still the following problems:
1, the investment in goose breeding research is less. Although China is rich in goose species resources, there are great differences in production performance among local breeds and poor group uniformity, which can not meet the development needs of large-scale and industrialized production. In recent years, many researchers have done a lot of work on the genetic characteristics of local goose breeds, cross improvement among breeds, cross improvement and utilization of China goose breeds, and also carried out research on fatty liver performance of some goose breeds and the development and utilization of goose products. Sichuan Agricultural University used excellent local and imported varieties as breeding materials, developed a special strain of meat goose and cultivated a commercial supporting strain of Tianfu meat goose, which was approved by the Provincial Animal Variety Approval Committee in June 20001year. The annual egg production of parents geese is 85 ~ 90, which is higher than that of Sichuan white geese 18. Under the condition of grazing and supplementary feeding, the live weight of commercial meat geese is 3.25 ~ 3.5 kg at 60 days and 3.92 kg at 70 days, which are distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places. Yangzhou University uses Taihu Goose and Longchang Goose (Sichuan White Goose) as breeding materials to cultivate Yangzhou Goose, with an annual egg production of 72-75 and a live weight of 3.3-3.5 kg at 70 days old. The popularization and application of these cultivated varieties (lines) have effectively promoted the improvement of goose production level in China. However, it is far from meeting the needs of the rapid development of goose industry in China, and the lack of seed supply capacity of excellent goose breeds has affected the economic benefits of goose production.
2. The construction of excellent breeding system of meat goose is still blank. China's large-scale goose production started late, the breeding scale is small, the production facilities are simple, the breeding methods are backward, and the technical personnel are scarce, which leads to insufficient supply capacity of improved geese and unstable production performance. In addition, the investment in goose breeding projects is small, and the meat goose breeding system is blank. Many goose farms do not carry out seed production according to the seed production system, and use a large number of commercial geese to keep seeds, which leads to the production level not reaching the due standard and seriously restricts the healthy development of goose production.
3. Lack of scientific feeding management. For a long time, the breeding scale of geese in China is small, and thousands of households are scattered. There are not many large-scale goose farms (households), the feeding management is very extensive, and the scale and industrialization are low. In the research of supporting technology of goose production, many domestic scholars have also carried out research on feeding management technology and breeding technology of geese, but the supporting technology of large-scale production of geese is still not perfect, which seriously restricts the technological progress of goose industry in China. Coupled with the lack of systematic research on the physiology, nutrition, feeding methods, epidemic prevention, feed preparation and other supporting technologies of geese, some operators have obvious short-term behavior, and the small-scale production of goose industry is too large, the information is ineffective, and the production is blind, which seriously affects the economic benefits of goose raising and the healthy development of goose industry production.
4. Goose products lack standardized quality and hygiene standards. After dioxin and mad cow disease were reported in Europe, people put forward unprecedented requirements for food safety, and put forward higher requirements for the quality and hygiene of goose products entering the international market, which led to a significant decline in the international trade volume of goose meat and goose liver in recent two years. Therefore, it is imperative to formulate the quality and hygiene standards of goose products, drinking water, processing water and waste pollution-free treatment standards in China.
5. The deep processing capacity of goose products is insufficient. Although there are many kinds of goose meat products processed in China at present, which have their own characteristics and are favored by consumers, they are all primary processing, with low added value and short shelf life. These restrict the scale, industrial development and export earning capacity of goose industry.
Third, the advantages and prospects of developing goose industry in China
1, rich in variety resources. Except Yili Goose, China Goose is mainly distributed in the eastern agricultural developed areas, the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River and the coastal areas of East China and South China, and there are three kinds of geese. There are as many as 12 species listed in the catalogue and atlas of poultry varieties in China. And many varieties have excellent production performance. For example, Sichuan White Goose and Huo Yan Goose, with the highest fertility in the world, are called "Sailing Goose", with an annual output of 60-80 geese, which are distributed all over the country. Wanxi White Goose, Xupu Goose and Zhejiang White Goose have good performance of meat production, cashmere production and liver production, which provides a solid provenance guarantee for goose production in China.
2. It has unique natural conditions. Goose is a herbivorous waterfowl, which can be raised wherever there is grassland and water. Goose has strong foraging ability and can make full use of saline-alkali wasteland, gully beach, barren hills and slopes and harvested fields for grazing. China goose breeding areas are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin and its south area. There are many rivers and lakes in this area, and there are abundant aquatic animal and plant resources, which provide unique natural resources and environmental conditions for the development of goose industry.
3. Goose products have a broad consumer market. China is not only a big producer of geese, but also a big consumer of goose products. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the re-understanding of meat structure and the popularization of cooking technology, goose products have great consumption potential in the domestic market, and have formed famous products, such as Guangdong Roasted Goose, Nanjing Salted Goose, Jiangsu Bad Goose, Ningbo Frozen Goose, Chaozhou "Taro Goose Slices" and "Plum Goose Meat", which are all delicious dishes on the table. In recent years, foreign countries also attach great importance to goose meat. For example, the western-style goose intestines in Germany are favored by consumers in western countries. In addition, goose gizzard, goose web and goose intestines have special flavor after processing, and their demand is gradually expanding. Goose fatty liver is known as one of the three most delicious foods in the world. Fatty liver contains 60% fat and 60% ~ 68% unsaturated fatty acid, which is easy to digest and absorb. Studies have shown that lecithin in goose fatty liver is 4 times higher than that in normal fatty liver. Therefore, goose fatty liver has high economic value. At present, the price of high-quality foie gras processed into frozen liver (shelf life 65438+February) in the French market is as high as 200 US dollars 1 kg. Goose down is also a traditional export product of China.
Fourth, key measures to accelerate the development of goose industry in China.
1, strengthen the breeding of varieties (lines) and establish the breeding system of meat geese. From the demand market of goose meat in China, the demand for goose meat products in different consumer markets is different. Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Jiangxi and other provinces and cities need grey goose breeds, with blisters on the forehead and dark ankles, while most domestic consumer markets require white feathers. There are many goose breeds in China, including grey, white, large, medium and gosling, but their production performance is very different, so the existing goose breeds are difficult to meet the needs of different consumer markets. Therefore, according to the demand characteristics of different markets, we should strengthen the conservation and breeding of local excellent goose breeds, cultivate specialized strains and develop excellent goose breeds, cultivate our own high-yield goose matching lines, and avoid that commercial egg geese and meat geese are almost produced by foreign breeding companies. At the same time, the state should increase investment, speed up the establishment of an excellent breeding system for geese, and ensure the provenance demand for the rapid development of goose industry in China.
2. Change the traditional sideline concept and accelerate the industrialization of goose industry. Goose industry is a great resource advantage in China's animal husbandry production, and its feeding quantity and product quantity rank first in all countries. Goose industry has become a pillar industry in many major producing areas in China and has made great contributions to agricultural modernization. In order to make the goose industry really rise in China, we must change the natural economy into a commodity economy, take the road of large-scale operation, speed up the industrialization of goose industry, realize the integration of production, supply and marketing, and help to control and improve product quality and enhance market competitiveness and market share. Therefore, scale and industrialization are the way out for China's production.
3. Strengthen the development of goose comprehensive supporting technology. In view of the low productivity and technical level at this stage, we should speed up the popularization of science and realize the prosperity of geese through science and technology. Its key points are to strengthen the formulation of goose nutrition requirement standard and diet standard, the comprehensive development and utilization of goose products, the breeding of goose varieties (lines) with fatty liver, the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and common diseases, the coordination of production, supply and marketing, and the study of scale benefits. Vigorously promote scientific goose breeding technology, such as changing the way of brooding, from warm breeding to warm breeding, changing single feed to full-price compound feed, planting grass to raise geese, etc.
4. Strengthen the research and development of deep processing technology of goose products. China has a long history of raising geese, and there are many kinds of goose products, but most of them use traditional folk cooking techniques, so it is difficult to enter the international market. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the traditional folk processing technology in China, we should carry out the research and development of deep processing and packaging technology of goose products, improve the added value of goose products, realize the diversification of goose products and the coexistence of high, medium and low-grade products, so as to meet the needs of consumers at different levels, expand the consumer market and promote the sustainable development of goose industry in China.
5. Strengthen the overall service of socialization. China is a big country in goose production and consumption in the world. In recent years, the vast majority of goose meat imported from China is a by-product of goose. Therefore, the key to the sales of goose products lies in developing the domestic market, strengthening consumer guide, strengthening the overall service function of socialization, implementing cross-industry cooperation, establishing and perfecting the circulation system, implementing the integration of production, supply and marketing, and encouraging various forms of joint development and series development, so as to make the goose industry in China develop continuously and steadily. At the same time, actively explore the international consumption market of fatty liver, goose products and down, improve product quality, formulate quarantine standards for goose products, be in line with international standards, and enhance international market competitiveness.