With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the rapid expansion of cities has led to a huge demand for land resources. The hard cement floor devours a few green spaces, and the city has gradually become a forest of reinforced concrete. With the improvement of the quality of life, people's requirements for the living environment are getting higher and higher, and returning to nature has become the deep desire of human soul. How to solve the contradiction between the increasing shortage of construction land and the increasing demand of human beings for the quality of living environment, the emergence of roof garden has pointed out a bright way for us. 1. Analyzing the history and present situation of roof garden is not the product of the development of modern architecture. Its history can be traced back to templo mayor, which was built in Assyria, one of the oldest cities in ancient Sumer, 4000 years ago. In its birthplace, Sir Lund Woolley, a famous British archaeologist, found traces of tree planting on the third floor of the tower. The real roof garden is the famous "Hanging Garden" in Babylon, which was developed more than 500 years after the ancient temple tower in Assyria 1. It is called "one of the seven wonders of the ancient world", and its significance is not only an achievement in gardening art, but a masterpiece of ancient civilization. Since the 1960s, the western developed countries have successively built roof gardens of various sizes. At present, roof gardens are paid more and more attention abroad. In Chicago, the local government is promoting a roof garden project to cool the city and reduce the urban heat island effect. In Tokyo, Japan, the government clearly stipulates that the new building area exceeds 1 1,000 square kilometers, and 1/5 of the roof must be covered with green plants, otherwise the developer will be fined. In recent decades, Germany and Japan have developed relatively perfect roof greening technology, which is in the forefront of the world. Our country only began to study the roof garden technology in the 1960s. Due to the influence of technology and materials, it is still in the primary stage. As far as the whole country is concerned, only a few southern provinces, cities and regions have developed and built roof gardens, most of which are transformed from the roof platforms of the original buildings. The roof garden really built according to the plan is still individual. Roof gardens were first used in tourist hotels, such as Guangzhou Oriental Hotel and Beijing Great Wall Hotel. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the phenomenon of insufficient green space in urban built-up areas is becoming increasingly obvious. Building roof gardens, improving urban greening coverage and improving urban ecological environment have attracted more and more attention. In recent years, roof gardens have developed rapidly in economically developed areas, and some cities have taken roofs as new urban green sources, such as Guangzhou Oriental Hotel, Guangzhou White Swan Hotel and Shanghai Hua Ting Hotel. 2. Significance and function of roof garden 2. 1 Ecological benefits The appearance of roof garden has greatly improved the deteriorating living environment and solved the problem of insufficient urban green space. The building is a green space, a natural air conditioner, and a large-area ecological roof, which can adjust the extreme temperature of Leng Xia in winter, improve the local microclimate, effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect and improve the local water cycle. At the same time, the roof garden also has the functions of purifying air, preventing noise and vacuuming, increasing oxygen and improving people's quality of life. The systematic roof garden can repay the effective ecological area of nature, increase the spatial level of urban "nature" and provide new living places for wild animals. Building the roof into a roof garden not only beautifies the environment, but also saves land for our future generations. 2.2 Economic Benefits Roof greening has improved the extreme temperature difference in the summer heat in Leng Xia in winter, alleviated the damage to buildings caused by thermal expansion and contraction, and extended the service life of buildings. In summer, roof greening can effectively reduce the indoor temperature, and in winter, it protects the building like a warm shield. Thermal insulation in summer and thermal insulation in winter, roof garden saves energy to a great extent and alleviates the increasingly serious urban energy crisis. Roof garden has the function of storing water. A large amount of precipitation is stored by plants and returns to nature through transpiration, which can greatly reduce the pressure of urban drainage system, save a lot of costs for drainage projects and reduce sewage.
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