Original poem: Qujiang II (Du Fu)
Go back to spring clothes every day and go home drunk every day.
Alcohol debt is common, and he is 70 years old.
Pierce the butterfly deeply, and the dragonfly flies leisurely with the water.
The scenery of language is fluid, which is not contrary to the temporary reward.
Appreciate:
In this poem, the poet used wine to drown his sorrows. Every day, Jiangtou was drunk, so he was covered in wine debts and had to pawn his spring clothes. Even so, he still enjoys flowers and scenery, singing, eating, drinking and having fun. The reader should look back at the reason why he did it. This poem was written in the late spring of 758 AD (the first year of Gan Yuan), when Du Fu was "picking up". However, in June this year, Du Fu was demoted to join the army, and became the fourth official of Huazhou. It only took more than two months from writing this poem to being demoted. From here, readers can have a more accurate understanding of this poem by observing the poet's mood when writing.
This poem Qujiang (the second poem) and the other Qujiang (the first poem) are "couplet poems", and there is an internal connection between the two poems. That is, this article is closely related to the last sentence, "Why should I trip over this glorious body?". . Among them, "Furong" refers to Zuo Shiyi, the official position appointed by the poet at that time.
The first four sentences of the work rotate in one breath, but they are fine needles and dense lines. Qiu note: "There are many wine debts, so it is a standard service; Seventy people are rare. They must be drunk. Two sentences should be divided. " As far as composition is concerned, it is generally good. However, the "getting drunk before resting" is attributed to "seventy people are scarce", which makes the understanding of poetry superficial. It was late spring, and with the weather in Chang 'an, spring clothes had just come in handy. Even if you are poor enough to pawn clothes, you must order winter clothes first. Now the spring clothes are actually put on, which shows the classics of winter clothes. This is written through layer by layer. Not occasionally, but every day. This is a more thorough way of writing. On the surface, "spring clothes every day" is either waiting for the rice to be cooked, or there are other urgent needs; But in the second sentence, I said it was just for "getting drunk every day", which was unexpected. The reason why the poet is drunk every day is that when he comes here, he refuses to give a direct answer and pushes him down a floor: "There are always wine debts." "Ordinary land" includes Qujiang, but it is not limited to Qujiang. Go to Qujiang and get drunk in Qujiang; If you go somewhere else, you will get drunk somewhere else. Therefore, buying wine only by pawning spring clothes is tantamount to a drop in the bucket, so from credit purchase to "ordinary business", there is a "wine debt" that pays such a high price is to get drunk. In the fourth sentence, the poet finally replied: "Life is seventy years old." It means life can't last long. Since I can't do what I want to do, I have to "try my best to have a limited cup before I die." This is an angry remark. It is not difficult for readers to understand the meaning of the whole poem by linking it with Du Fu as a whole.
"Dai Hua" is a couplet about Jiangtoujing. This couplet is also a unique famous sentence in Du Fu's poems. Ye Mengde once pointed out: "The language of poetry is too clever, but it has its own natural craftsmanship. Although ingenious, there is no trace of carving. Lao Du ...' If you wear a butterfly, you will see deeply, and dragonflies will fly slowly with the water'. If the word' deep' is not polished and the word' leisure' is not punctuated, you will not see its subtlety. But it seems that you didn't study hard either, so it doesn't hinder its superiority. Philosophers in the late Tang dynasty are easy to do, such as' fish jumping to practice waves and throwing jade rulers, and warblers wearing silk willows and weaving golden shuttles'. " (Shi Lin Shi Hua Volume II) This couplet "Wu" has natural beauty, but it is not only in "Wu" but also in "fate". "Seventy years old is rare", life is so short, but "a flower flies away in spring, and the wind is full of sorrow", and the beautiful spring scenery is about to disappear, which is very worth cherishing. The poet is full of longing for spring and wants to see the scenery along the river. It is a very quiet, free and beautiful realm to "see deeply through the butterfly, and the dragonfly flies slowly with the water". However, such a quiet, free and beautiful realm cannot exist for long. So the poet wrote a sentence like this: "The scenery of language is mobile, and it is temporarily opposed to remuneration." The meaning of "message" is similar to that of "message", and the object is "scenery". The "scenery" here is beautiful spring scenery. The beauty of the couplet "Legendary Scenery" lies not only in writing picturesque small scenes, but also in seeing big scenes from small scenes. This couplet can arouse readers' beautiful feeling in spring. It is in the bright spring that butterflies and dragonflies freely wear flowers, drink water, look deeply (that is, "now") and fly leisurely. Without the bright spring scenery, such a quiet, free and beautiful realm will no longer exist. The poet looks at things with emotion, and everything has feelings, so he said, "Let me enjoy the lovely scenery with butterflies in flowers and dragonflies in water, even if it is temporary;" Don't even violate this wish! "
"Autumn Notes" quoted the words: "These two poems were written in late spring because the official career was not smooth." Concise, won the poet's favor. Because of the "love in late spring", the scene in late spring is integrated with the feelings of cherishing and staying in spring. Because of the feeling of "not being an official", the feeling of cherishing spring and staying in spring is also full of profound social content, which is intriguing.
The overall characteristics of this poem, in terms of China's traditional aesthetics, are "implication" and "verve". The so-called "implication" and the so-called "charm" mean leaving room. "Wearing Flowers" is a couplet, and the scenery is very detailed; However, there is no trace of engraving in the works, and the fineness is endless. For example, just say "wear flowers" without describing flowers in detail, only say "water" without describing water in detail. Readers can imagine the appearance of flowers, the state of water and all the scenery related to it. As far as lyricism is concerned, it can be vaguely seen that "I will go back to Japan for spring clothes, …". However, how to be frustrated, why not, but keep it secret, just by describing the scene in late spring, express the feelings of cherishing spring and staying in spring; The expression of cherishing spring and staying in spring is just drinking, just enjoying flowers and scenery, just enjoying life in time. The lyric hero in the poem "gets drunk every day" and "spreads the scenery * * *, rewards and punishments against his will for the time being", and enjoys it. But there is intention in the poem, flavor outside, sound outside the string, scenery outside the scene, and affection outside the situation. "It is beneficial to measure and study", which truly embodies the artistic feature of "the image of God is beyond".
"Only dragonflies and butterflies fly" comes from the fourth sentence of Fan Chengda's ancient poem "Summer Village Miscellaneous", which reads as follows:
Plum golden apricot fat, wheat white, cauliflower thin.
No one has ever crossed the fence, but dragonflies and butterflies can fly
To annotate ...
⑴ Plums: The fruits of plum trees are ripe in summer and can be eaten. Fat: refers to fleshy. Wheat flower: buckwheat flower. Cauliflower: rape. Hedge fall: the shadow of the fence at noon. Only: only. Butterfly: Pieris rapae.
⑵ Clashes between families: tadpoles.
(3) Autumn: harvest. One is "receiving".
⑷ Reeling: Like reeling, cocoon is spun out.
5] Farming: weeding. Ji Ma: Twist marijuana into thread. Responsible for each other: everyone has a certain job. Unresolved: I don't understand. Engage in, participate in. Next to: near.
[6] pulp: an ancient sour drink, which is compared to turbid sweat here. Stay less: stop for a while. Nong: Me. Rinse your mouth with sweet well water. Borrow: Here. Pavilion noon: noon.
(7) Lotus: Lotus.
⑻ ⑻: cicada.
translate
A plum tree becomes golden, and the apricots grow bigger and bigger; Buckwheat flowers are white and rape flowers are sparse. After a long time, the farmers were busy working in the fields and didn't go home until noon. No one walked in front of the door. Only dragonflies and butterflies fly around the fence.
Make an appreciative comment
The main idea of this poem is that plums turn yellow and apricots become fat. The golden cauliflower in the field in spring has now fallen, leaving only sporadic residual flowers; At first glance, it is snow-white wheat flowers. At noon, the sun is high above, and the shadow of the fence is getting shorter and shorter as the sun rises, and no one passes by. It was quiet all around, only dragonflies and butterflies flew by.
This poem is about the rural scenery of Jiangnan in early summer. In the poem, plums are yellow, apricots are fat, wheat is white, and cauliflower is sparse, which describes the characteristics of rural scenery in the south in summer, with rich flowers and fruits and tangible colors. In the first two sentences, plums and apricots are fat, wheat and cabbage are thin and brightly colored. The third sentence of the poem describes the situation of farmers' labor from the side: in early summer, farmers are busy with farming, so they go out early and return late, so they rarely see pedestrians during the day. The last sentence uses "only dragonflies and butterflies are flying" to set off the silence in the village, which makes it even quieter. The last two sentences, the days are long and the people are sparse, dragonflies fly and butterflies dance, making the movement quiet.