1. Analysis of social factors
The number of jobs provided by the society every year, especially those provided by state administration, enterprises and institutions favored by most college students, is far from the expectations of college graduates. In recent years, the annual national civil service examination and the post recruitment examination of state-owned enterprises and institutions have formed a spectacular scene of "a thousand troops crowding a wooden bridge". Hundreds or even thousands of people compete for a post, which shows the fierce competition in employment. The reasons for this employment trend. It is because of the influence of traditional ideas on college students' thoughts. Traditionally, college students are social elites, and it is natural for them to become national public officials or engage in a well-paid and stable job after completing higher education, otherwise they will be looked down upon. After several fierce competitions in primary school, junior high school and senior high school, most college students have a sense of superiority, which will inevitably lead to their picky work and workplace, leading to increased employment difficulties.
Since 2008, under the influence of the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, a large number of overseas high-end talents and international students have returned from their studies. These talents have been continuously introduced to China mainland cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Hangzhou, which has caused great psychological pressure on domestic college graduates.
2. Analysis of family factors
For a long time, it has been the life goal of China's parents to cultivate their children and change their family's fate at all costs. Almost every family has high employment expectations for their college students' children, especially the economically underdeveloped rural families and urban families with financial difficulties. They place their hopes on the newly graduated college students to change their family destiny. Family expectations bring great psychological pressure to college students.
3. Analysis of school factors
With the deepening of higher education reform, the enrollment scale of colleges and universities has increased several times or even dozens of times in a short period of time, and remarkable results have been achieved in quantity. But at the same time, the cultivation of college students' professional skills and comprehensive quality has not improved simultaneously, which is far from meeting the requirements of market economy development for talents. There are some problems in the current higher education system, such as too much administrative color, too much unified management, too rigid and backward curriculum, and the cultivation of innovative talents has not been implemented in teaching practice. The talent training concept of "learning to be specialized, learning to be strong and learning to be useful" cannot be transformed into the ability expected by the market for students. As a result, college students themselves lack the quality and preparation for employment, and the state's policy of not including distribution has increased their employment pressure.
4. Analysis of employer factors
At present, most employers in state-owned enterprises are confused to some extent: they can't recruit talents who are in special need, but those who don't need them can't get out because of personnel relations, and the flow of talents is not smooth. Due to the pressure of their own survival and development, most private enterprises lack a long-term talent training and talent reserve mechanism because of talent recruitment standards.
An analysis of the internal factors of employment pressure of college graduates
1. Facing the severe employment situation, college students generally have a negative mentality.
(1) Some college students have magnified their fear of job hunting. These college students believe that interpersonal relationship is the key to leading employment. Without human relations, no matter how hard an individual tries, it will not help. As a result, the concepts of "good parents are not as good as good work" and "good marriage is not as good as good work" are widely circulated in colleges and even in society.
(2) Some college students artificially increase their frustration and lead to depression. Young college students begin to complain about the injustice of the world, and then doubt their abilities, leading to nervousness, depression and even loss of confidence in job hunting. From hope to disappointment and then to despair, the sense of psychological depression is constantly strengthened under the effect of self-suggestion, which eventually makes some college students form depression.
(3) Some college students have a strong sense of inferiority. Because of the frustration experience in job hunting and the negative factors in the current employment environment, most college graduates can't confidently face all kinds of harsh requirements put forward by employers, but feel inferior. The phenomenon of zero salary is one example. As a result, there is a lack of initiative in the process of job hunting and career selection, and many suitable opportunities are missed.
(4) Some college students tend to be impetuous, blindly follow, and lack a sense of direction. Under the existing education system and living environment, most college students do not enter the major according to their own interests, hobbies, specialties and character strengths, nor do they understand the demand and proportion of various talents in society. During my college years, I was busy making friends, falling in love, and coping with all kinds of paperwork exams, so I was in a passive learning state. After completing higher education, I entered the workplace passively, and my thoughts and minds are far from mature, so I can't think and judge independently. Therefore, they inevitably fall into blindness and impetuousness in the process of job hunting, lacking confidence and sense of direction.
2. The gap between college students' individual needs and abilities leads to their psychological imbalance.
(1) Self-esteem and conceit often lead graduates of famous universities to set too high goals and expectations in job hunting. Some graduates from famous schools tend to prefer first-tier cities with abundant talents and fierce competition when seeking jobs, but they often fail to correctly understand themselves and society and are not fully prepared psychologically. When encountering setbacks, they can easily change from self-confidence to inferiority.
(2) Due to the lack of social experience, some college students often have different degrees of anxiety when applying for jobs. Due to the lack of practical experience and proper help in a short period of time, some college students don't know how to link their personal needs with their own abilities, so they often feel agitated, nervous and at a loss in the process of job hunting. Reflected in the choice of units, some college students do not consider the relevance of their majors, and sign the letter of appointment as soon as they see it, which lays the groundwork for the contradiction between their future work and their personal wishes.
(3) Blind comparison and vicious jealousy lead some college students to miss the opportunity when they apply for jobs. China's higher education pays attention to general education and generalist education, but lacks the cultivation of personal advantages, which makes some college students fall into blind comparison and even vicious competition when seeking jobs. It is difficult for some college students to keep a psychological balance, especially when they see those students who think their abilities are equal to or not as good as their own find enviable jobs and earn considerable income. In order to balance their hearts, they often blindly raise the standards of choosing jobs, and as a result, they miss the opportunity of employment.
(4) Wrong attribution leads some college students to avoid conflicts when choosing jobs. When some college students are frustrated in choosing a job, they don't attribute the reasons to subjective factors such as lack of hard work, high standards of choosing a job, nervousness during the interview, but often attribute the reasons to some objective factors. For example, my school is not well-known, there are no famous teachers in the university, and the current social atmosphere is too bad. My family is a rural grassroots, and my IQ is too low to be a genius.
Adjustment and countermeasures
1. Adjustment
Adjustment is decompression. Decompression depends on resources to cope with stress. Coping resources are the basic materials of coping strategies. Resources can be personal, social or material. Among them, individual resources are the most important and belong to internal resources, including individual self-esteem, self-modesty, sense of control and self-efficacy. Secondly, social resources are external resources, including intimate relationships and expanded social networks. Material resources are the foundation, including health and sufficient physical strength, as well as housing, money and so on. The survival and development of individuals are essentially self-centered, and they should be realized and completed by their own strength. In addition, in order to adjust the employment pressure, college students should not only make good use of external and material resources wisely, but also rely mainly on themselves and dialectically combine internal and external resources on the basis of material resources.
(1) Establish a positive self-image, fully tap your own potential, and enter the life of creating wealth. Self-image is the self-concept of "what kind of person I belong to", which is formed on the basis of people's cognition and evaluation of themselves. In other words, an individual's self-belief is generally formed unconsciously according to his past success or failure, others' reaction to himself, and his comparative awareness of the environment, especially his childhood experience. Psychologist Malsy said that human subconscious is a "service mechanism"-a computer system with goals. And people's self-image is just like a computer program, which directly affects the result of this mechanism. If your self-image is a failed person, then you will constantly see a dejected and frustrated me on the "fluorescent screen" in your mind, and hear negative information such as "I have no ambition and no progress", and then feel depressed, inferior, incompetent and helpless ... and in real life, you are "doomed" to fail. On the contrary, if your self-image is a successful person, then you will constantly see an enterprising person who dares to bear setbacks and strong pressure on the inner "screen" and hear encouraging messages such as "I am doing well now and will do better in the future", and then feel happy, self-esteem, self-confidence and hope ... You will be "doomed" to succeed in real life. ④ The formation of an individual's initial self-image has gone through a long process, in which the individual is in a passive state and can be changed. Because with the awakening of individual self-awareness, coupled with the help of professional mental health education and training, individuals have the ability to change their cognition and reshape themselves. Therefore, if college graduates encounter setbacks, they lose confidence in job hunting. You can seek the help of professional psychological counseling books or psychological counselors to analyze and reshape the original self-image and then establish a positive self-image.
(2) Actively seek effective social resources. Get multi-level and multi-channel employment help and opportunities. Marx believes that the existence of individuals cannot be divorced from society, and only people can be integrated into social relations. Only in this way can we find our own position and development direction. Individuals have to face two groups in order to survive in society: one is the acquaintance group formed by emotional relationship radiation and regional relationship; The other is a group of strangers, facing the expansion of life and work radius. Whether in an acquaintance society or a stranger society, proper interpersonal communication is very important. Because it can provide many opportunities and help for the survival and development of individuals.
(3) Exercise while looking for a job, live a healthy life and live an energetic day. College students should cherish the exuberant vitality of adolescence and keep effective self-control and good state at all times. Good state refers to a person's health quality, including physical fitness, energy level, weight and avoiding high-risk behaviors. A good state is a resource for effectively coping with stress. This kind of resource not only enables people to perceive life with good perception, but also enables people to cope with various pressures with abundant physical strength and energy. If college students want to have a good state, first, they should objectively understand the current employment problem, which is fundamentally a structural employment problem. The second is to understand the social demand for majors, and reasonably position employment expectations according to their own abilities, professional interests, professional specialties, practical ability, personality and temperament characteristics, and family situation. Third, we should strengthen the training of frustration tolerance, cultivate the more frustrated and brave, positive character, and calmly analyze the causes of career failure and make reasonable attribution.
Step 2: Countermeasures
Countermeasures are ways to deal with stress. All methods to deal with stress have the same purpose, that is, to prevent, eliminate or reduce the negative consequences caused by stress. Effective ways to cope with stress are as follows.
(1) Recombination cognition. Reorganizing cognition is to change people's evaluation of the source of stress and change the concept of self-frustration of stress. Coping with stress is often an expected process, which may begin before the stressor really works. People's negative experience and cognition of similar situations often become the factors of stress formation. Therefore, redefining the cognitive level is very important to eliminate stress. College students' cognition of occupation in the process of job hunting is often subjective and one-sided, and they act according to their own wishes and requirements mechanically, so they are frustrated and will form bad cognition over time. Therefore, schools or parents have the responsibility to help them change their employment concept and reorganize their cognition. Schools should guide students to learn to look at problems objectively through various employment guidance methods. Analyze problems with scientific methods, treat problems with a realistic attitude, and let them really determine their job-hunting goals and career-choosing directions according to their actual situation and social needs. Parents should take the initiative to reduce their children's employment expectations, help their children solve some practical difficulties in survival, and let their children leave the society with a relatively relaxed attitude. When necessary, college students can also seek the help of professional psychological counselors to help them reorganize their cognition through reasonable emotional therapy or stress immunity.
(2) eliminate tension. Tension is a physiological warning to stress and an individual's physiological arousal, which increases to an uncomfortable level and may last for a long time. Eliminating tension plays an analgesic role in coping with stress. College students are prone to high tension when they are about to leave school after graduation, have not settled down, are waiting for signing a contract, are about to attend or are interviewing. At this moment, it is important to learn to relax. First of all, college students should begin to accept and attach importance to career planning education after entering the university. The so-called career planning education means that the employment guidance department of colleges and universities takes non-graduate students as the object and guides them to plan their career development direction and development stage reasonably through long-term and step-by-step employment guidance. So as to successfully complete the gradual employment guidance model. On the one hand, this employment guidance mode can make students adapt to employment psychology before employment, enter the employment state ahead of time, and alleviate the tension in employment to some extent. On the other hand, this model can encourage students to deepen their professional knowledge study, strengthen social practice and constantly improve their comprehensive quality according to the planned career direction and stage, so as to be prepared. Secondly, read some books about mental health, learn some specific methods about relaxation training, and train again and again. Finally, if nervousness becomes a habit and you can't control yourself, you can use systematic desensitization therapy to eliminate nervousness. Systematic desensitization therapy is a commonly used method in psychotherapy clinic. Using this method is mainly to induce patients to slowly expose the situation that leads to neurosis anxiety, and to fight this anxiety through psychological relaxation, so as to achieve the purpose of eliminating the habit of tension and anxiety.
(3) solve the problem. A lot of stress is caused by the inability to solve specific problems brought about by specific events in life. Therefore, in order to eliminate the pressure, we must properly solve these specific problems. To solve these problems, we must first dare to face them, analyze and classify them, and have priorities and know fairly well. Secondly, we should actively seek ways to solve the problem, asking for help first and then asking for help. Finally, we should solve the problem and give ourselves a responsible explanation. Solving problems not only enhances the individual's ability to solve problems, but also improves the sense of self-efficacy.
(4) training social skills. The process of college students' job hunting, job selection and employment is actually a process of interpersonal communication, and many problems encountered in this interpersonal communication process will become the source of stress. Therefore, cultivating college students' social survival skills can help them alleviate and even eliminate employment pressure. Social skills training includes communication, etiquette, closeness, self-expression and firmness. Training these social skills will have a positive impact on the consequences of stress. But it won't play much role in success. College students should know that simply using these social skills will not lead to their final employment success, and the real employment success still depends on their own quality and strength. Training social skills only helps them find jobs to some extent.