Pedestrian street is an effective means for western developed countries to relieve the pressure of rapid development of productive forces, revive commerce and rebuild commercial centers. China's economy has developed rapidly in recent years, people's living standards have improved significantly, and the consumption pattern is no longer limited to a single shopping activity. Pedestrian street is favored by its safe, comfortable, relaxed and efficient shopping environment and leisure concept, and stands out in the national urban construction wave and develops rapidly.
In recent years, Wuhan has also stepped up its construction efforts. Jianghan Road, a window of Wuhan facing the world and the future with an investment of 100 million yuan, was opened to the outside world in September 2000 and became a major news focus in Wuhan. More than half a year has passed, what is the effect of Jianghan Road reconstruction?
Bainianlao steet
Jianghan Road is divided into two sections in history: north and south. The southern section is a British concession, named Taiping Road, which is positioned as a financial and trade zone. There are many western-style buildings that have been well preserved so far. The northern section was originally a beach depression. At the beginning of the 20th century, Liu Xinsheng, a real estate tycoon, bought real estate and built a road named "Xinsheng Road". This is mainly a commercial and residential building. The bottom commercial space is mostly in the form of arcade, and the upper floor is residential. The confrontation between the Chinese border and the British Concession in the northern and southern sections is full of contradictions and integration of national struggle and heterogeneous cultural conflicts. 1927, the government reclaimed the British Concession, merged Taiping Road and Xinsheng Road into one, and named it Jianghan Road, which is still in use today.
After a hundred years of ups and downs, Jianghan Road has developed into a bustling commercial street today. However, with the passage of time, the material environment of Jianghan Road is gradually aging. In order to improve traffic conditions, improve social and economic benefits, and tap the cultural and traditional connotation of the old street, the government decided to transform Jianghan Road into a fully pedestrian commercial street integrating shopping, catering and tourism, and reshape the new image of the old street.
Second, the status quo transformation
The renovation project started in March 2000 and lasted more than half a year. It was completed and opened in September. After the transformation, Jianghan Road has taken on a new look, and the traffic and environment have been greatly improved, attracting many people to come for sightseeing, shopping and leisure.
1 flow
Total length of Jianghan Road 12 100 m, totally enclosed. Motor vehicles and bicycles except cash trucks, cleaning vehicles and disabled scooters are prohibited from passing. Security inspectors are set to patrol the road, and each intersection is guarded by special personnel. Strict management ensures the safe and smooth walking traffic on Jianghan Road, and pedestrians can enjoy the fun of walking with peace of mind.
2 environment
In terms of environmental construction, the pavement of Jianghan Road has been redesigned and paved. Comprehensively rectify the building facades on both sides of the road, especially 13 excellent historical buildings, and restore the original appearance; In the road space design, several leisure squares and intimate street furniture were carefully arranged, and the sculptor Mr. Xiang Jinguo was asked to design and produce several sets of cast copper sculptures to decorate the streets. According to the questionnaire, Jianghan Road's historic buildings, leisure Little Square and bronze sculptures are loved by citizens, and more than 90% people think that they reflect the characteristics of Wuhan.
Three benefits
After Jianghan Road was transformed into a pedestrian street, it attracted a large number of people with its safe, comfortable and convenient shopping environment. From 9: 00 a.m. to 0: 00 p.m. every day 165438+, the average passenger flow can reach 2342 passengers/hour (one way); At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the flow of people began to increase, reaching 2980 ~ 4320 person/hour (one-way); At 5 o'clock in the evening, the flow of people reached its peak, ranging from 4800 to 5200 person-times/hour (one way); It continued until 9: 00 pm and gradually decreased, and the store closed around 10. People flow more on holidays.
Consumers who come to Jianghan Road for leisure, office workers who come by after work or after work, children who come here to play after school, and nearby residents who take a walk after dinner constitute the main flow of people in the pedestrian street. Since the opening of Jianghan Road, the popularity has continued to be strong, and the rents of various commercial shops have increased by about 10%. In particular, the turnover of the fast food industry has increased significantly, adding many foreign selling points such as "Jiangxi Taosu", "Express Station" and "Taipei Station".
The transformation of Jianghan Road has significantly improved social, environmental and economic benefits. After the pedestrian street was opened, it became a leisure place for nearby residents. As a citizen said: I visit it almost every day when I am free.
Three surrounding environments
Jianghan Road not only improves its own environment, but also has some adverse effects on the surrounding traffic, environment and economy due to factors such as design, construction and management.
1 "No traffic"
People who travel by bike are mainly nearby residents. Because of the barrier of Jianghan Road, it is very inconvenient to travel. The east and west sides of Jianghan Road need to be bypassed; In addition to the prescribed time in the morning and evening, the rest of the time is limited to "on the road".
Due to the prohibition of traffic, there must be enough parking lots around Jianghan Road. These parking lots are located at the south entrance and the crossroads on both sides. South parking lot has a large area, mainly motor vehicles, and others are mainly bicycles. Small parking area, few parking spaces, irregular and not ideal. There are three main sources of vehicles on Jianghan Road: customers who come by car or bike, shop staff and nearby residents. The lack of outdoor or underground parking spaces is very inconvenient for people who travel by car. For example, in order to meet the parking needs of its employees, the central department store set up a temporary parking lot on the open space next to an unfinished building at the back of its building. However, once the building is completed, it is necessary to find a new place to park.
2 "One road is alive and several streets are dead"
Compared with the bustling costumes and restaurants on Jianghan Road, the old shops such as the 9,000-year-old pharmacy and Honghuan stationery store have basically maintained a "cold and cheerless" attitude. These shops, which account for about 8% of the total, are the commercial supporting roles of Jianghan Road. Their customers are mainly old customers or consumers who come here. Their consumption purpose is very clear, and bicycles are the main means of transportation. Because bicycles are forbidden on Jianghan Road, the turnover of these stores has dropped significantly.
Shops on both sides of Jianghan Road are more affected. Take Jianghan Second Road as an example. Jianghan Second Road is an electrical street. Before the renovation of Jianghan Road, business was booming because of smooth traffic. Since the renovation of Jianghan Road, there have been fewer cars passing by Jianghan No.2 Road, the traffic volume has plummeted, the turnover has dropped by 2/3, and the business can only be maintained. Up to now, seven video stores have closed down, and the number is decreasing at the rate of 1 per month. Baocheng Road, another commercial street parallel to Jianghan Road, is deserted. So far, 40 stores have closed.
3 the conflict between tradition and modernity
Jianghan Road is an old street with distinctive history, folk customs and culture. The buildings on both sides of it are mostly commercial and residential buildings, with shops on the ground floor, houses on the second floor and arcades on the ground floor. For example, the southern section of Jianghan Road, from Jingyi optical shop to the central department store, is in this form. This traditional architectural form can not only shade, shelter from rain and ventilate, but also enrich the spatial level and facade modeling. However, with the development of economy, driven by commercial interests, merchants occupy the arcade space to expand their business area, which makes the arcade lose its original appearance and function. The renovation of Jianghan Road only allowed a small number of merchants to withdraw from the occupied arcade space, but most of them could not restore their original appearance. Wuhan is a famous "stove" city in China. There are no trees on Jianghan Road? There are only a few pots of plants), and there is no sunshade facilities. In summer, it will inevitably become an unstoppable "stove street". If the merchant can change the occupied arcade space into an open-air coffee teahouse with a sunshade, it can not only play the role of traditional arcade, but also create considerable economic benefits.
In addition, the electronic large screen in the fountain square in front of the central department store has a great influence on the surrounding residents. The electronic big screen starts playing at eight or nine o'clock every morning, which not only spreads all kinds of information, but also brings noise pollution. Residents nearby can't read, study, rest or do other things at home. However, these residents are dissatisfied with the noise pollution of Jianghan Road, but they are unwilling to move. The reason is that they have lived here for a long time, and their familiarity and attachment to the surrounding environment make them reluctant to leave. Second, Jianghan Road is located in the center of the old city, and life is very convenient. How to balance the economic interests of businesses and the quality of life of residents is an urgent problem to be studied and solved.
Four conclusions
Jianghan Road Pedestrian Street is transformed from the original central business district in the old city, which is similar to the pedestrian street in the early 1970s in western developed countries. Nowadays, the development of pedestrian street in foreign countries has been quite perfect, while China has just started. Some of the problems mentioned in this paper are manifested in different degrees in other commercial pedestrian streets in China. Even the pedestrian commercial streets built earlier, such as Nanjing Road in Shanghai and Wangfujing Street in Beijing, have a certain impact on the surrounding environment. Jianghan Road is the first commercial pedestrian street in Wuhan. It is reported that two or three such commercial pedestrian streets will be built in Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang. The problem of Jianghan Road is likely to be encountered by other pedestrian commercial streets, so it is more worthy of the attention of relevant departments and designers and the study of solutions, so as to truly make the pedestrian commercial street a good place for citizens to relax and shop, thus bringing good environmental, social and economic benefits.
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