1.3 English translation

There is a city in North America whose government intervention plan to solve the problem of housing and work balance has brought great benefits to the development of urban transportation. This city is Toronto. Nolan and Stewart (199 1) point out that despite the vigorous development of office buildings in the 1970s and 1980s, the traffic situation in downtown Toronto has been greatly improved, which is attributed to the increase in the number of housing in downtown Toronto. They also found that many new houses are owned by workers in the city center, and many people go to work on foot or directly by light rail and subway. Giuliano (199 1, 1995) and Downs (1992) questioned the view that improving the balance between work and housing can effectively solve traffic problems and improve air quality. Their arguments are as follows: dual-career couples often work in different places; Due to local protection policies and housing discrimination, the address changes frequently; Factors other than school quality are also constantly affecting the choice of address. Richardson and Gordon (1989) stressed that the balance between the two has no influence on the growth of the proportion of tourism and non-work tourism (accounting for 3/4 of all tourism in the United States and occupying the peak period of tourism). Downs believes that the traffic and environmental benefits brought by the balance between the two are kept to a minimum, but the implementation of this policy is not without benefits, such as improving the socio-economic and cultural diversity of American suburbs.