Covering an area of about 65,438+0,000 square kilometers, Guyana Space Center extends northwest and southeast along the Atlantic coast, with a length of about 60 kilometers and a width of about 20 kilometers. Its geographical position is 5 65,438+04' north latitude and 52 46' west longitude. It is led by CNES and its main task is to manage scientific satellites? The launch of application satellites and sounding rockets, as well as the test and launch of some related launch vehicles. Ariane launch site is located in Guiana Space Center, 8 km away from Kourou City/Kloc-0, with geographical coordinates of 514' 09 "north latitude and 52 46' 29" west longitude. The height of the rocket launching platform is12.85m. ..
Ariane 1 launch site (see Figure 2) was rebuilt from Europa 2 launch site, which made full use of the original equipment. In order to meet Ariane's launch requirements, some projects were rebuilt, including building new launch pad, heightening service tower, rearranging transmission pipeline and rebuilding launch control room. Can the launch site be divided into launch sites? Assembly area? Propellant equipment area and analysis laboratory? Liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen plants. Ariane 1 launch site can be used to launch Ariane 1? 2? Type 3 rocket.
The launch control center of Ariane-1 launch site mainly prepares Ariane rockets? Test and launch operations, mainly including related facilities and launch control room in the launch pad area. The base is used to support the launch pad, and has a double-sided deflector and two semi-buried flame guide grooves.
The mobile launching platform is the main passage of the service tower and also the passage when the service tower is evacuated.
The service tower is 45m high,15.2m long and12.2m wide. It can move back and forth on the launch platform. When working, the launch vehicle and umbilical tower are in the service tower. There are seven fixed working platforms and one movable working platform around the rocket, and the movable working platform can ascend and descend to any part of the satellite to provide services for the final preparation and operation of the satellite.
The upper space of the movable working platform constitutes a clean area, where the mechanical assembly of satellites and launch vehicles is carried out. There are two vehicle-mounted lifting platforms and a workbench in the platform. Overhead mobile cranes are used for various installation operations. A few hours before launch, the rocket was assembled in the tower and given a sub-stage. Two-stage propellant filling.
The service tower has an escape passage for the transmitter, which consists of two passages leading vertically downward to the outside of the tower, respectively for the personnel on the working platform at the top of the tower and the personnel on the lower platform. The passage is lined with a "soft sleeve", and you can jump into one of the entrances and exits to escape.
The launch control room is about 300 meters away from the service tower, which is a solid bunker-style building. Its task is to complete the preparation before launch and launch timing, and finally prepare the rocket? Protect the safety of workers and test equipment during filling and launching operations. The control room is equipped with test and control equipment to monitor the operational readiness of the rocket.
Other equipment includes umbilical tower, unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine storage tank, nitrogen tetroxide storage tank, cryogenic propellant storage and transportation equipment, liquid nitrogen storage equipment, chilled water factory for air conditioning production and storage, office building and safety building.
The assembly area includes an assembly building for visual inspection and various preparations before installation, a storage building for rocket spare parts, an office building and a data building.
The propellant storage area includes two main storage facilities, two trailer garages and a propellant analysis laboratory.
Does the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen plant include all liquid oxygen used for rocket launch? A complete set of liquid nitrogen equipment. In order to improve the adaptability of the work and provide backup launch capability, the European Space Agency decided to build the Ariane II launch site in Kourou in July/KOOC-0/98/KOOC-0. The launch site was built in August 1985, which lasted for 4 years and cost 1? 2.5 billion dollars (1986 currency). It was first used in March, 1986, and it can be launched 10 times a year (the first launch site can launch at most 5-6 times a year).
Ariane's second launch site is located 500 meters south of the first launch site, which consists of two parts: rocket preparation area and launch area, which are 950 meters apart. Separating the preparation area from the launch area can greatly shorten the time interval between two launches. When one rocket is finally assembled in the launch area, another rocket can be erected in the preparation area? Assembly and testing, etc. The main task of the preparation area is to complete the rocket erection? Air tightness inspection at all levels? Rocket telemetry technology in electronic inspection and launch timing program. The rocket needs a month to prepare here. This area mainly includes vertically assembled buildings? Launch control room, etc.
The vertical assembly building is 75 meters high, and it is away from the mobile launch platform 1 km. There is a railway connection between the two buildings. The mobile launch platform moving in orbit sends a vertical rocket and final assembly test into the launch area.
The launch control room is at a distance of 1km from the service tower, and is equipped with test equipment required for testing three satellites at the same time. The test equipment is connected to the satellite through an umbilical cord (see Figure 5).
The main task of the launch area is to connect and test the upper stage of the rocket? Payload assembly, testing and fairing assembly? Launch preparation and final timing and launch. The rocket stayed in the launch area for less than a month. The launch area mainly includes the fixed umbilical tower? A mobile service tower and a launch platform.
The mobile service tower is 80 meters high and weighs 3000 tons. Its payload working platform can be vertically lifted to all parts of the payload, and the space above the platform constitutes a clean area with a cleanliness of 6,543.8+10,000. Overhead mobile cranes are used for various installation operations. There is a special room for installing user test equipment in the umbilical tower.
There is a railway connection between the preparation area and the launch area. In order to meet the launch needs of Ariane 5, it was decided to build a new launch facility-Ariane 3 launch site at Kulu launch site. The overall goal of the new launch site design is to achieve the requirement of launching 10 times a year with the least equipment conditions.
Ariane 3 launch site is located in the north of Ariane 1 launch site. The Ariane 3 launch site will be connected with the Ariane 2 launch site and the solid booster preparation area through the existing double-track guide rail.
The newly designed Ariane III launch site can be used for vertical rocket assembly, electromechanical test and solid booster preparation at the same time, saving the time of Ariane V assembly and assembly. The connection between the launch vehicle and the payload can be completed at one time. When all sub-stages are installed on the mobile launch platform, after one connection, all connections generally remain unchanged until launch.
The payload is assembled before the launch vehicle arrives and connected to the ground system. Joint operations are limited to the connection and installation of payload and launch vehicle, electrical test, filling storable propellant, timing and launch.
Ariane 3 launch site can be divided into preparation area and launch area.
The preparation area mainly includes the booster assembly plant? Launch vehicle assembly workshop and payload workshop.
The design of booster assembly workshop can be carried out at the same time except vertical assembly. Solid boosters are transported in sections of 60-80 tons. Will the booster assembly plant set up all the checkpoints? Check and install accessories. The vertical assembly of each part is carried out on the movable shelf in the special hall. After assembly, it can be transported to the launch vehicle assembly plant.
The launch vehicle assembly workshop includes a hall for the preparation of the launch vehicle main body itself, and an auxiliary building for the unpacking preparation of each sub-stage and its equipment (see Figure 6).
The payload workshop mainly includes a hall for satellite assembly, and the auxiliary room has various components and equipment for payload assembly.
The launch control room is at a certain distance from the launch vehicle assembly building. Monitor the whole process of launch vehicle from preparation to launch. The number of facilities in the launch area is limited, and the launch vehicle can only be parked in the launch area 10 hours before its launch time. Facilities should be as simple as possible, including:
The base is used to place the launch pad and umbilical tower.
Three guide grooves and three flame exhaust pipes. Two sides of the three-sided guide groove are used for solid motors and one side is used for secondary cryogenic motors.
Underground facilities include some necessary hydraulic equipment and electrical equipment. Liquid oxygen? Liquid hydrogen storage equipment. This tower is designed to reduce emission noise.
The fixed metal tower is only used for astronauts to board the plane when launching Shenzhou (cancelled).
Mobile Launch Platform and Umbilical Tower In order to connect each sub-stage rocket and payload only once in each launch mission, and to transport the assembled launch vehicle to the launch area as a whole, Ariane III launch site adopts a mobile launch platform system, and the launch platform also includes an umbilical tower. The mobile launching platform is divided into three layers, which are respectively used for the command and control system of fluid facilities? Power supply and air conditioning. The platform is 25 meters long? Width 2 1 m, weight1000t. The umbilical tower is accompanied by the launch vehicle, and it is not necessary to disconnect the umbilical pipeline. The launching platform and umbilical tower also include all mechanical and electrical test equipment required for launching work. This equipment, together with the launch vehicle and its detection system, can only be prepared and tested once before launch. During Ariane's launch boost phase, there are about 1200 telemetry information to be transmitted to the ground, so that the launcher can know the launch progress and use it for future research. * * * There are five telemetry receiving stations, including four fixed stations.
They are Garriott Station on Mount Pell, Mondabo Station near Cayenne, Natal Station in Brazil and Ascension Island Facility of NASA. Perrin, Brazil set up an activity station. Four fixed stations are equipped with antennas with a diameter of10m, and Lampe Station is equipped with antennas with a diameter of 4m, which can continuously receive telemetry information transmitted through S-band (2200~2290Hz). The ground tracking of Ariane rocket uses five ground stations, including the Maite station in Kulu, which is equipped with two C-band Adul radars, about 3 kilometers away from Ariane launch site; Lelund station near Kourou is equipped with C-band Brittany radar, 20 kilometers away from the launch site; The Mondabo station near Cayenne is equipped with C-band Brittany radar, about 70 kilometers away from the launch site; Ines station near Natal, Brazil is equipped with C-band Beane radar.
Ariane's tracking system also includes two infrared automatic tracking movie theodolites, which are located at Mount Pell and Royal Island, 20 kilometers away from the launch site.