Enlightenment from Chernobyl accident

First, we should establish an effective supervision mechanism and wake up supervision in time. When we open this black memory again, we will find that in the Chernobyl accident, the supervision agency could not effectively supervise and timely inspect and urge. For the violation of safety standards of nuclear power plants before the Chernobyl accident, representatives of the former Soviet State Atomic Energy Supervision Bureau should have intervened and stopped similar acts, but on this day, there was not a working member of the organization. Even if the organization leader went, it was too late to find out what happened to Unit 4 and what to do. Supervisors were ordered to go to the infirmary during working hours, where they attended medical meetings all day, so that Unit 4 was not protected by the National Atomic Energy Regulatory Agency. Therefore, a special supervision organization should be established to supervise this and improve the quality of supervisors. Supervisors should have certain knowledge of reactor physics and electricity, and quickly enter the situation during the supervision process, and the personnel arrangement should meet the needs of the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Job responsibilities, job skills, working hours to develop reasonable implementation norms and rules.

The second is to set up a technical guidance group to ensure the safety and reliability of all operations. After the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the power station personnel failed to accurately and objectively estimate what happened. Everyone is not prepared for eliminating such a big accident, whether professionally or psychologically. The initial radiation level of Chernobyl nuclear power plant and its adjacent areas was measured by measuring instruments. Due to the narrow measuring range of these instruments, it is impossible to give real radiation level data. In the event of a nuclear power plant accident, in addition to general measurements, individual measurements should also be made. Personal dosimeter is a simple direct reading personal dosimeter, which should be distributed to everyone in the rescue work. However, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant locked these dosimeters and made no preparations for their use. Second, just a few hours after the accident at the nuclear power plant, the special advisory group of the nuclear power plant arrived from Moscow by special plane. Therefore, it is necessary to set up its own technical guidance group in the nuclear power plant, and carry out training in a planned and purposeful way at ordinary times, so that it can be fully proficient in using instruments and meters, fully understand the characteristics of radioactive substances, and provide powerful technical guidance for radiation protection work of staff and rescuers when members of the expert advisory group are not on site.

Third, we should also let the news media supervise and improve our own safety awareness. The experience and lessons of Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident news release tell us that special news organizations and social organizations must be set up to release nuclear accident information, which should not only ensure the residents around the nuclear power plant's right to know, but also consider the evacuation order in case of serious nuclear accident, and prohibit any unofficial authorized organizations and individuals from publishing any remarks related to nuclear accidents. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out continuous follow-up reports according to the situation of the accident, so that residents can understand the development and rescue of the accident and avoid unnecessary psychological panic and the spread of inaccurate news.

Fourth, set up a special assessment team to regularly conduct professional examinations for different types of personnel in nuclear power plants, so that the staff can clearly understand their mission and serve the construction with profound knowledge. Judging from the causes of nuclear power plant accidents, people's overall understanding of nuclear power plants is not deep enough and management is chaotic. Entrusting the reactor control experiment to a person who has not been fully trained, and conducting the experiment under the leadership of a person who lacks reactor knowledge of nuclear power plant, the relevant staff of the power plant violated the operating rules, reflecting that the professional quality of the nuclear power plant personnel is not high, which is a hidden danger of accidents. Nuclear power plants should combine international practices and China's national conditions to effectively evaluate and train nuclear power plant staff, which will certainly lay a good foundation for preventing nuclear accidents and provide strong technical support for emergency rescue work of possible nuclear accidents.