The purpose of information analysis

Information analysis

Information analysis (information analysis)

What is information analysis?

The so-called intelligence analysis, also known as intelligence analysis, intelligence research or intelligence investigation, is an information labor process that deeply processes and analyzes a large amount of relevant information according to the needs of a specific problem and forms new information that is helpful to solve the problem.

With the rapid development of modern information analysis and consulting activities, information analysis is a new discipline derived from information science in the 1950s. In the past two or three decades, information analysis has developed rapidly in the process of information dissemination.

Understanding of information analysis

The understanding of this concept can be carried out from several elements that constitute this definition:

① From the cause of formation, the emergence of information analysis is due to the existence of social needs.

② In terms of methods, information science and soft science are widely used in information analysis.

③ From the flow point of view, information analysis needs to go through a series of relatively procedural links.

④ From the results, information analysis is a new value-added information product.

⑤ From the purpose, information analysis serves different levels of scientific decision-making.

Therefore, information analysis is the deep processing of various related information, a deep or high-level information service, and an intelligent activity with research nature.

Types of information analysis

Because information analysis involves all aspects of society and adopts various research methods, information analysis can be divided into different types according to different classification standards.

1. By field

The international situation or domestic situation always changes according to various factors. Information analysis tasks are always based on various interrelated information in different fields. These fields can be roughly divided into the following aspects: politics (including diplomacy), economy (including industry), society, science and technology, transportation and communication, military and people. As far as a specific field is concerned, the elements to be considered in information analysis are briefly described as follows.

Elements of political information analysis

Elements of economic information analysis

Elements of social information analysis

Elements of scientific and technological information analysis

Analysis elements of traffic communication information

Elements of character information analysis

Elements of military information analysis

2. Divide by content

Tracking information analysis

Tracking information analysis is a basic work. No matter what kind of information analysis and research, it is difficult to carry out the work without basic data and information. It can be divided into two types: technical tracking type and policy tracking type. The traditional method is to collect and process information, establish a database of documents, facts and figures as a standing tool, and add some qualitative analysis. This type of information analysis can grasp the development trends in various fields, keep abreast of new trends and developments, and thus find and ask questions.

Comparative information analysis

Comparison is a way to determine the similarities and differences of things. After comparing all aspects of internal contradictions, we can grasp the internal relations between things and understand the essence of things. Comparative information analysis is a widely used method in decision research. Only through comparison can we understand the differences between different things, so as to ask questions, set goals, make plans and make choices. Comparison can be qualitative, quantitative or a combination of qualitative and quantitative, and many quantitative methods are often used in technical and economic analysis.

Predictive information analysis

The so-called prediction is to infer and judge the future or unknown state of things in advance by using the situation, knowledge and means that have been mastered. The elements of the forecast include:

(1) person-predictor;

(2) the basis of situation and knowledge prediction;

③ Mean value prediction method;

(4) the future and unknown state of things-the object of prediction;

(5) speculation and judgment-prediction results.

According to different classification standards, forecasting can be divided into many different types, such as economic forecasting, social forecasting, scientific forecasting, technical forecasting, military forecasting and so on.

Modern social management is embodied in strategic management based on prediction. Predictive information analysis covers a wide range, from long-term prediction of national macro-strategic decision-making to short-term market prediction of consulting business activities. The methods of forecasting information analysis can be roughly divided into qualitative forecasting and quantitative forecasting. For example, the output value, profit, employment and export trade of different industrial sectors in economic forecasting can be used as data sources for quantitative analysis, and regression analysis, time series analysis, input-output analysis and other methods can be used for forecasting; For those forecasting problems with strong policy, long time span and lack of quantitative data, it is more necessary to rely on the intuition and experience of experts.

Evaluation information analysis

Evaluation generally requires the following steps:

(1) discussion of preconditions;

② Analysis of evaluation object;

③ Selection of evaluation items;

④ Determination of evaluation function;

⑤ Calculation of evaluation value;

⑥ Comprehensive evaluation.

There are various evaluation methods, such as analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. When evaluating, we should pay attention to selecting appropriate variables and evaluation indicators. Evaluation often involves comparison, so the comparability of evaluation objects is worth considering. Evaluation is the premise of decision-making, and decision-making is the continuation of evaluation. Evaluation is meaningful only if it is related to decision-making. There is no absolute boundary between evaluation and decision-making, and they are synonymous.

3. Divide by method

The types of information analysis can also be divided according to the methods adopted. Generally, it can be divided into qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis methods generally do not involve the relationship between variables, and mainly rely on people's logical thinking function to analyze problems; Quantitative analysis method must involve the relationship between variables, mainly based on the form of mathematical function to calculate and solve. Qualitative analysis methods such as comparison, reasoning, analysis and synthesis; Quantitative analysis methods, such as regression analysis and time series method. It is worth pointing out that due to the complexity of information analysis problems, the solution of many problems involves both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, so the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods is becoming more and more common.

Working procedure of information analysis

1. Topic selection

(1) Subject Source

Choosing a topic is to choose an information theme and define the research object, purpose and content. There are three sources of subject: superior, user and optional. Category I and II projects must be completed as required and reports submitted on time. Whether the third type of topic can form a topic needs to be reviewed.

(2) Three factors for the success of self-selected topics.

(1) pertinence-whether the subject has practical application value and whether it is aimed at the urgent needs of social reality development. For highly applied projects such as information analysis, the pertinence of the theme is particularly important.

(2) Novelty or originality-the innovation and degree of the subject.

(3) Feasibility-the professional expertise, research foundation, research ability and conditions of the researchers.

2. Research framework design

Once the topic is determined, the framework should be designed. The first is the opening report: defining the significance, expected goal, research content, implementation plan, progress plan, budget, personnel organization and demonstration opinions of the topic. After the opening report is adopted, a more detailed research framework and work plan will be formulated.

3. Information collection and ordering

4. Information analysis and synthesis

The results of analysis and synthesis should correspond to the purpose of the selected topic, and should be able to answer the main problems to be solved in this study.

5. Preparation of research report: Generally speaking, the research report consists of several parts, such as title, abstract, introduction, text, conclusion, references or notes, and should include the following main contents:

Problems to be solved and goals to be achieved;

Background description and current situation analysis;

Analytical research methods;

Arguments and conclusions.

6. Feedback: that is, submit the research report.

Information analysis method

1. information association method

Association originally refers to the psychological process of linking the perceived thing with another thing. Here refers to the thinking activity of establishing or discovering the correlation between things. The key is to accurately grasp the relationship between things. Common information association methods include: comparative analysis, logical analysis, brainstorming, triggered morphology, forced association, feature enumeration, accidental association chain, causality, correlation analysis, association tree and association table, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, path analysis, factor analysis, principal component analysis, citation analysis and so on.

2. Information synthesis method

Synthesis is a way of thinking that organically links and unifies all parts, aspects and factors of the research object, and makes an overall investigation and research. Common information synthesis methods include inductive synthesis, atlas synthesis, compatible synthesis, sublation synthesis, typical synthesis, background analysis, environmental scanning, SWOT analysis, system identification, data mining and so on.

3. Information prediction method

Prediction is an activity that people use the knowledge and means they have mastered to infer and judge the future development of things in advance. Common information prediction methods include: logical reasoning, trend extrapolation, regression analysis, time series, Markov chain, Delphi method and so on.

4. Information evaluation method

Information evaluation is a process of forming supporting information that can meet the needs of decision-making through optimization and comparative evaluation on the basis of analyzing and synthesizing a large number of relevant information. It usually includes: comprehensive evaluation, technical and economic evaluation, strength level comparison, function evaluation, achievement evaluation, scheme optimization and other forms. Common evaluation methods include: index scoring method, analytic hierarchy process, value engineering method, cost-benefit analysis method, feasibility study method, input-output analysis method, system engineering method and operational research method.

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