1. Reasons for many hidden dangers in the quality and safety of rural housing construction 1. The relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, and the government supervision is weak. Relevant information shows that among all the laws, regulations and treaties on production safety and labor protection promulgated and implemented since the founding of the People's Republic of China, only the "People's Republic of China (PRC) Building Law" implemented in 1997 and the "Construction Engineering Safety" implemented in 2004 are specifically aimed at the construction industry. However, because these laws and regulations are not operable enough for rural housing and the system is not perfect enough, some laws and regulations still exist duplication and overlap. Therefore, with the development of society, while these laws and regulations play an active role, they also expose many defects and problems. On the government side, some administrative departments failed to implement the documents on safety management issued by the state, which made the situation of out-of-control supervision very serious, providing an opportunity to escape supervision, thus leading to a large number of hidden dangers of farm houses accidents. 2. The safety management organization is not perfect and the management system is not implemented. The so-called safety management organization is the concrete implementer of various safety production rules and regulations and bears an important responsibility for safety production. However, in some small construction enterprises in rural areas of China, there are few safety management agencies and full-time security officers. All these lead to the failure to implement the safety production system on the construction site, the confusion of construction management and the ineffective guarantee of safety production. In addition, in the management system, some enterprises only pay attention to temporary interests in order to pursue the profit of output value. Therefore, in the construction process, they only pay attention to the progress and benefit, and the special funds for safety technical measures are insufficient. Some enterprises are unwilling to spend money to buy necessary safety protection articles and safety protection measures, and pursue profit maximization, which leads to the neglect of safety production by construction enterprises. 3. The quality of construction workers needs to be improved. In most construction enterprises in rural areas of China, many construction workers on the construction site are temporary farmers. Therefore, the quality of construction workers is poor. Can not meet the needs of safe construction work. The specific manifestations are: poor professional and technical quality, inability to deal with complex engineering and technical problems independently and decisively, irregular operation, weak awareness of safety protection, low operating skills and lack of vocational skills training. There are few full-time safety management personnel with low quality, which is far from meeting the needs of engineering management. In today's fierce competition in the construction market, this professional level obviously cannot meet the requirements of the safe construction of modern rural housing reconstruction projects. 4. There is no approval procedure. Some farmers have a weak legal awareness, do not apply for construction approval, or even build at will without any approval procedures, and can not get technical guidance and safety management from relevant departments. 5. Poor quality of building materials Some farmers build houses, and the quality of building materials and components used is relatively poor, and the pass rate is low, especially the insufficient configuration or incorrect position of steel bars in purlins and floors, which often leaves hidden dangers of quality and safety. 6. The design and construction are not standardized. According to national requirements, farmers' self-built houses with more than three floors or single building area of more than 300 square meters must be designed by qualified design units and constructed by construction units with relevant qualifications. However, due to economic conditions, villagers are unwilling to spend money on design, so they do whatever they want, resulting in problems such as roof, wall, ground leakage, axis displacement, wall inclination and insufficient concrete strength, which directly affect the use of houses. Second, the measures to solve the rural housing construction safety management 1. Improve the way of safety supervision, strengthen administrative law enforcement, and establish and improve the supervision system of rural construction. The competent government departments at all levels are required to earnestly establish the concept of "paying equal attention to rural construction and urban construction". Establish and improve the supervision system of county, township and village planning management. Make the rural housing design, acceptance after completion, strict examination and approval procedures, the construction should be carried out in an orderly manner. In the work of safety supervision, it is necessary to consider the supervision of the construction market and the quality and safety of the project as a whole, strengthen the linkage between "market" and "site", and strictly control the market access of construction enterprises. Constantly enrich, optimize and integrate building supervision resources, speed up the transformation of government functions, completely change the management mode of emphasizing examination and approval but neglecting supervision, and adjust the limited supervision resources to safety supervision. Gradually establish and improve the safety inspection system, take the initiative, change the focus of single sports inspection, and change the focus of supervision and inspection from the safety of the construction subject to the focus of supervision and inspection on the establishment and implementation of the enterprise safety responsibility system and the implementation and enforcement of safety production laws, regulations and standards. 2. To further improve the quality of relevant professionals, the important premise of doing a good job in safety production management is to improve the quality of construction personnel. As supervisors and constructors, we must strengthen the training of professional quality, knowledge structure, professional skills and professional ethics. Clean up, rectify and standardize the market order of rural housing construction. Rural housing should be built by professional construction teams, and construction teams without architectural qualifications should be expelled from the construction market. Therefore, only by unifying the procedures and standards of safety supervision, perfecting the safety supervision materials, standardizing the safety supervision behavior, and improving the safety supervision level of supervision units and the skill level of on-site construction personnel can the safety supervision awareness of supervisors and the safety awareness and ability of construction personnel be put in place and play their due roles in the process of safety production. 3. Intensify publicity to enhance the legal awareness of rural housing construction. The quality and safety of rural housing construction is directly related to the vital interests of farmers. All departments at all levels should increase the publicity of laws and regulations such as the Urban and Rural Planning Law and the Opinions of the Ministry of Construction on Strengthening the Quality and Safety Management of Rural Construction Projects, and enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency of rural housing construction. 4. Standardize construction, ensure the quality and safety of rural housing construction, and strengthen the supervision of rural housing construction. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the service function of the construction management department at the township level. Educate farmers and improve their understanding of building quality and safety. Those that meet the requirements must be constructed by construction enterprises with relevant qualifications, so as to prevent the occurrence of quality industrial accidents from the source. 5. Formulate emergency rescue plans. Relevant state departments should formulate emergency rescue plans for major production safety accidents in rural local construction industries to enhance the emergency rescue capability of production safety accidents in rural construction industries. Construction enterprises and project construction sites shall also formulate emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents of their own enterprises and construction sites. Three. Conclusion Construction safety management is a social systematic project, the lifeline of the construction industry, and it is related to the vital interests of the broad masses of people and social stability. Only by unremitting efforts, continuous exploration, full understanding of the significance of construction safety management, combined with rural reality, take practical countermeasures, carry out responsibilities, strengthen supervision and implement safety measures with a highly responsible attitude towards people's lives and property, and put an end to major safety accidents.
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