First, the basic content of project cost management
The task of project cost management is to strengthen the dynamic management of the whole process of project cost, strengthen the constraint mechanism of project cost, standardize price behavior, safeguard the economic interests of all parties, standardize price behavior, and promote the unity of micro-benefits and macro-benefits.
The work of project cost management is embodied in the following aspects: in the feasibility study stage, the construction scheme is carefully optimized, the investment estimate is determined, the risk is considered and the investment is fully invested; Select the contractor, consulting (supervision) unit and design unit of the construction project from the superior, and do a good job in responding to the bidding; Reasonable selection of project construction standards and design standards, and implementation of national construction policies; According to the budget estimate, design the quantity and amount of the preliminary design, actively and reasonably adopt new technologies, new processes and new materials, optimize the design scheme, prepare and determine the budget estimate, and fully invest. Choose the best equipment and main materials, choose the best construction and installation units and commissioning units, and do the corresponding bidding work; Carefully control the construction drawing design and implement "quota design"; Coordinate the relationship with relevant parties and reasonably handle the economic relations in supporting work (including land acquisition, demolition, urban construction, etc.). ); Strictly follow the budget, control the cost statically and manage the cost dynamically. Use and manage construction funds well, ensure the reasonable and effective use of funds, and reduce interest expenses and losses of funds; Strict contract management, do a good job of project claim price settlement; Strengthen the project legal person responsibility system, implement the main position of the project legal person in the project cost management, and establish an economic responsibility system closely integrated with the cost within the legal person organization; Social consulting (supervision) institutions should provide full-process and all-round consulting services for project legal persons to actively carry out project cost, abide by professional ethics and ensure service quality; All cost management departments should strengthen their service awareness, strengthen the basic work of construction (quota, index, price, engineering quantity, cost and other information), and provide a dynamic and reliable basis for reasonably determining the cost of construction projects; All units and departments should organize the selection, training and training of cost engineers, and promote the improvement of personnel quality and work level.
Second, the specific control process of project cost
The goal of project cost management is to determine the project cost reasonably and control it effectively by using scientific management methods and means according to economic laws and markets. The reasonable control of project cost is to reasonably determine the investment estimate, estimated cost, contract price, settlement price and completion settlement price at all stages of the construction procedure. The effective control of project cost is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, pay attention to the whole process cost control in the design stage;
(1) Implement design bidding and design scheme activities. The purpose of engineering design bidding is to encourage competition, promote design units to improve management level, adopt advanced technology, reduce project cost, shorten construction period, meet building energy conservation and improve environment with advanced technology and reasonable structure, and improve overall investment benefit.
(2) Using value engineering to optimize the design scheme.
(3) Preparation and review of design budget estimate. The design budget is an important part of the design document, which is all the cost documents required by the design unit from preparation to completion and delivery of the construction project under the control of investment estimation according to the preliminary design (or expanded preliminary design) drawings, budget quota (or budget quota), various cost quotas or charging standards (indicators) and the budget price of equipment and materials.
(4) Implement quota design. The so-called quota design is to control the preliminary design according to the approved feasibility study report and investment estimate, and to control the technical design and construction drawing design according to the approved total budget estimate of the preliminary design. At the same time, under the premise of ensuring the use of functions, all majors control the design according to the allocated investment quota, strictly control unreasonable changes, and ensure that the total investment does not break through.
2. Control of project cost in construction bidding stage: Introducing competition mechanism in construction bidding can shorten the construction period, reduce the project cost and improve the quality of building products. At the same time, Party A and Party B have clear responsibilities, which can give full play to the professional construction advantages of construction and installation enterprises, mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises and employees, promote and strengthen economic accounting, improve the management mode of enterprises, and complete construction tasks quickly and economically.
Select the preparation method of pre-tender estimate suitable for this project: the preparation method can adopt the unit price method of engineering quantity and the comprehensive unit price method. The pre-tender estimate of bidding projects is mostly compiled on the basis of project budget estimate quota and budget quota. This quotation method and pre-tender estimate preparation method often appear in the bidding process, such as the installation projects of Dezhou Huaneng Power Plant, Xianghai Thermal Power Plant and Chunhai Thermal Power Plant, the main bid and BOP project of Jiuquan Thermal Power Plant, the budget quota of Jinzhou No.5 Petroleum Plant, Liaohe Oilfield Oil-to-Coal Project, Tiger Beach Marine Animal Museum and other projects, all of which won the bid at low prices or reasonable low prices.
Do a good job in bid opening and evaluation: in the bidding of engineering projects, bid opening and evaluation is an extremely important link in the bidding procedure. Only by making an objective and fair bid evaluation can we finally choose the best and most suitable contractor correctly and enter the project implementation stage smoothly.
3. Cost control in the construction stage of the project:
(1) Control of engineering change. Because engineering changes will bring about changes in engineering cost and construction period, in order to effectively control the cost, engineers must confirm and issue engineering change orders no matter which party proposes engineering changes. When engineering changes occur, engineers are required to deal with them in time and confirm the rationality of the changes.
(2) Follow the handling procedure of engineering change.
(1) The construction unit (Party A in the construction contract) needs to change the original engineering design. Party A shall bear the increase or decrease of the contract price and the losses caused thereby, and the delayed construction period shall be postponed accordingly.
② The contractor (Party B in the construction contract) requests to change the original project.
(3) Determine the engineering change price.
4. Post-stage: The main contents of post-stage control include the preparation of completion settlement and the control of post-completion expenses.
(1) Complete the completion acceptance. The basis and standard of completion acceptance shall be defined, and the completion acceptance shall be organized according to the completion acceptance procedure.
(2) Do a good job in the final accounts of completion and correctly verify the value of new assets.
(3) Handling of warranty expenses, including handling of warranty expenses caused by survey and design; Treatment of warranty expenses caused by construction reasons; Handling of warranty expenses caused by unqualified equipment, materials and components; Handling of warranty expenses caused by users' use; Treatment of warranty expenses caused by force majeure.
To sum up, a project cost personnel should not only know the cost, but also know how to manage and control the cost in the project construction. Only in this way can they better cope with the challenges after China's entry into WTO and better contribute to the development of enterprises and society.
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