(Development Research Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100037)
Geological data is a unique information resource obtained by the state investing huge exploration funds. With the development and progress of China's economy and society, the huge economic and social benefits contained in geological data are gradually recognized by all walks of life. Especially in recent years, the shortage of coal, electricity and oil transportation in China, coupled with the lack of sustainable guarantee ability of important mineral resources, has increased the demand for geological data, which also highlights the role of geological data. For the work of geological data, in order to play the role of geological data more effectively, we must vigorously strengthen the social service of geological data.
First, the importance of social service of geological data
1. The needs of national economic construction and social development
First of all, geological data can provide mineral resources supply and demand information closely related to national economic development and analyzed and predicted; We can also strengthen the situation analysis and strategic research of mineral resources according to the development trend of national economy and existing geological data, which will become an important reference information for the state to make macro-decision on economic development. Secondly, with China's entry into WTO, on the premise of rational utilization of "two resources and two markets" at home and abroad, the socialized service of geological data has played an important role in safeguarding the development of China's mining economy, promoting the opening of the market for exploration and mining rights, and introducing foreign advanced technology and funds. Thirdly, geological data can be widely used in infrastructure construction, earth science research, national key project construction, agricultural economy, national defense construction, ecological environment protection and so on.
2. The need of geological data development.
According to the statistics of the National Geological Archives, in 2003, the provincial and departmental collections received 24,603 person-times, providing more than 80,000 kinds and more than 800,000 pieces of traditional paper geological data. The traditional geological data service model can no longer meet the public's needs, so the state has invested heavily in the geological data digitization project. By 2003, the digitization of 15446 important geological data has been completed in China. However, due to various reasons, these digital products can not provide networked social services at present. Therefore, only by perfecting and perfecting all kinds of laws and regulations related to the socialized service of geological data and strengthening the research and development of modern information service technology can we protect the geological data obtained by state investment and provide high-quality and efficient geological information services for the whole society.
Second, the present situation of socialized service of geological data
1. Social Service Status of National Geological Archives
At present, the National Geological Archive has collected more than 95,000 kinds of geological data formed in China since the beginning of the 20th century, mainly including seven types of geological data, such as regional geological survey, marine geological survey, mineral exploration, hydraulic environment exploration, geophysical and geochemical exploration and remote sensing exploration, and geological science research. According to the nature, it can be divided into two categories: public and non-public, and non-public geological data can be divided into two categories: confidentiality and protection.
At present, the materials provided by the National Geological Archives are mainly traditional paper media. Socialization service mainly includes: ① retrieval service of directories and abstracts through the Internet; (two) to provide geological data reproduction services by means of copying, photographing, copying and printing; ③ According to users' needs, provide special consultation, retrieval and editing services related to geological data. The network service of digital products supported by modern technology has not yet been developed.
With the publicity and implementation of the Regulations on Geological Data Management and the Measures for Implementing the Regulations on Geological Data Management, the scope of open utilization of geological data has been further expanded, the borrowing volume has increased year by year, and the user base has become wider (as shown in figure 1). The percentage of geological and mineral industries in the total number of users decreased from 45% in199 to 3 1% in 2003, while the percentage of metallurgical and chemical industries increased, especially in other industries (mining companies, consulting companies, etc. ) from 4% to 15%.
Figure 1 Statistics Chart of Data Lending User Industry
2. Comparative analysis of socialized geological data service between China and developed countries.
The socialized service of geological data in developed countries such as the United States, Australia, Britain and Japan is relatively mature. Most developed countries adhere to the purpose of public service, but they are all integrated into the commercial mechanism. They serve a wide range of people, including government agencies at all levels, scientific associations, scientific research institutions, education departments, non-governmental organizations, news media and the general public. The service content is rich, including geological maps, spatial data, literature reports, periodicals and magazines, geoscience software, etc. There are various ways of service, including in-store direct sales, online sales, free download, telephone and e-mail ordering, etc.
Through comparison, it is not difficult to see that there is a big gap between China and developed countries in terms of geological data products and services, mainly as follows: China's service subjects mainly rely on national and provincial geological data exchange institutions, and no fixed commercial service outlets have been established; The service object of our country has not been extended to the general public as potential users of geological data; China's service content is not rich enough, and the number of digital products of geological data is small, so it is impossible to carry out large-scale modern services; At present, China still focuses on traditional window services, and has not yet established a mature network service system.
There are still some problems in the management of geological data: ① the data management system is not smooth, and a large number of geological data, especially all kinds of geoscience databases and software belonging to the exchange scope, are not submitted to the state in time, resulting in a serious phenomenon of "aging" of data; (2) The data information management is decentralized, the system is heterogeneous, and the degree of standardization is low, forming an information island, which is difficult to be used uniformly and openly; (3) Data management policies and regulations do not match. For example, a large number of public geological data and mineral exploration data involve the confidentiality of basic geographic information and cannot be provided to the public according to regulations.
There are the following problems in the development of socialized service: ① China's geological data products and services are purely public welfare, there is no commercial service mechanism, and it is difficult to make blood by itself; (2) Insufficient publicity makes it impossible for all sectors of society to keep abreast of geological data and product information, and the service is not extensive enough; (3) It is still a short time for China to take social service as the center of geological data work, and the supporting measures for service are not mature enough.
Thirdly, some suggestions on socialized service of geological data.
1. straighten out the management system and improve the supporting regulations and standards for services.
The imperfect management system of geological data is one of the important factors that the public welfare service of data is not in place. Due to institutional reasons, even if the remitter is overburdened, the subject of law enforcement is unknown, and a large number of geological data are not remitted to the country in time. Therefore, it is imperative to straighten out the relationship between the Ministry of Land and Resources, China Geological Survey and the National Geological Archives, straighten out the relationship between the national two-level geological archives, the archives affiliated to China Geological Survey and the geological archives of various industries, ensure the smooth collection of geological data, avoid repeated collection, unify the windows, and ensure the smooth progress of social services.
In addition, to carry out the socialized service of geological data, we should not only improve the laws and regulations on the collection, collation, storage and safety protection of geological data, but also improve the systems of geological data inquiry, lending service, protection and paid utilization. So far, the state has promulgated a series of laws and documents related to geological data services, such as Regulations on the Management of Geological Data, Measures for the Implementation of Regulations on the Management of Geological Data, and Announcement on the Publication Scope of Public Welfare Geological Data. However, there is still a lack of relevant regulations and standards in the specific service work. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of supporting regulations and standards in view of the serious aging of data, the difficulty in unifying the format of geological data submission, the slow progress in clearing and decrypting "classified" data, and the high rate of refusing to borrow data. It is suggested that the detailed collection of geological data and the electronic file format of geological data should be improved, and regulations and standards such as "Measures for the Management of Physical Geological Data" and "Provisions on Paid Utilization of Geological Data in the Protection Period Formed by State-funded Exploration and Development" should be issued.
2. Enhance service awareness and correctly understand the relationship between public use and rights protection.
The poor service consciousness of staff is an important reason for the lag of socialized service of geological data. To improve the level of socialized service, we must strengthen the service consciousness. First of all, we must change our ideas. For a long time, geological data has been collected more than used, forming a rigid idea of watching stalls and guarding posts and a data-based and Tibet-centered working mode. Only by changing the concept can we realize that socialized service is the basis of information work. Second, improve the way of working. It is determined to take service as the center and implement computer-aided management in many manual operation links such as data receiving, acceptance, sorting and warehousing, so as to improve work efficiency and reduce the work interception time from data receiving to warehousing and utilization. At the same time, the workload of the staff is reduced, and the staff has more energy to comprehensively develop and utilize geological data and information.
While emphasizing service consciousness, we should correctly understand the relationship between public use and rights protection. Can't serve for the sake of service. Rights protection not only protects the rights and interests of data senders, but also protects the rights and interests of the country. Therefore, in the specific information service work, it is necessary to provide classified services for China's scarce minerals, special mineral resources with strategic significance, and large-scale advantageous mineral resources, and adopt different service methods such as strict protection, strict control, appropriate conditions restriction, and conditions permitting. For example, the oil and gas data received by the National Geological Archives should be different from other mineral resources in collection, management and utilization. We should not only protect the rights and interests of major oil and gas companies, but also consider protecting national resources and economic security, national defense and military affairs, international politics and so on. For public geological data, it is necessary to speed up the work of cleaning up and decrypting, and provide all geological data information services for the whole society within the scope permitted by laws and regulations.
3. Enrich service content and service methods.
At present, the traditional service mode can not fully adapt to the characteristics of digital data. It is necessary to establish a super-large geological data information center supported by modern high technology, which is convenient to use and not limited by time and space, and fully realize the digitalization and networking of modern geological data services. Only in this way can the public's growing demand for geological data be met.
In terms of service content, it is suggested to take the following measures to improve it: ① increase investment, complete the digitalization of geological data in geological data collection institutions at all levels in China, and promote the modern service of geological data; (2) Strengthen the data collection and submission of units and individuals related to mining rights, supervise and punish them according to law, establish a coordination mechanism for data collection and submission other than non-mineral projects, engineering exploration projects and geological survey projects, and strengthen supervision and management; (3) The utilization of classified geological data will be gradually solved by introducing the methods of cleaning and decrypting classified geological data.
Under the condition of market economy, the author thinks that commercial service means can be introduced into the socialized service of geological data products in China, which is conducive to promoting the development of potential markets and expanding the scope of users, enriching the service content and service forms, and promoting the process of socialized service of geological data.
4. Strengthen the construction of service software and hardware
Strengthening the management and service of geological data, the construction of talent team and hardware environment are the two primary conditions to improve the level of data service. According to the survey, among about 900 people engaged in the management and service of geological data in the national geological and mineral system, 47% have secondary school education or below. From the perspective of professional structure, 22% of the people belong to the "three noes" non-professionals who have neither geological professional knowledge nor archival professional knowledge, nor computer professional skills. To change the talent structure and improve the quality of personnel, we can start from the following aspects: ① vigorously cultivate and introduce a group of high-quality talents with advanced information technology level; (2) update knowledge and improve the skills of some "low-skilled workers" who only know geology but not computers, or who only know archives but not information technology; (3) Hold various on-the-job training courses regularly, invite experts and scholars to give lectures and discussions, and keep abreast of the new achievements and trends in the development of modern science and archival science; (4) Strengthen the training of employee service etiquette and code of conduct, such as employee gfd and standardization of service language.
For the hardware environment construction of data services, first of all, data storage facilities should meet national standards, and the quality of data storage conditions directly determines the service life of data. Secondly, improve the service environment, such as reading rooms, which should be equipped with both ordinary reading rooms and multifunctional reading rooms (electronic reading rooms, audio-visual reading rooms, etc.). ), as well as the necessary reference books, touch screen retrieval, photocopiers, bag storage cabinets, etc. , to provide convenience for users. At the same time, with the acceleration of the digitalization of geological data, it is also the general trend to speed up the networking construction of geological data.
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Brief introduction of the author
[1] Wang Qianju, development research center of China Geological Survey, internship researcher.
[2] Zhang Hao, an intern researcher at the Development Research Center of China Geological Survey.