1, pay attention to accuracy and ignore speed.
Psychologists have found that when the elderly do something, they often pay more attention to completing the task.
Accuracy pays more attention to avoiding mistakes than the length of time required to complete the task. In life, the old people often think that young people are quick-witted and not practical enough.
2. Don't take risks easily
Another caution shown by the elderly in their actions is that they are slow and slow, and are easily unwilling to take risks. This is also an impressive view of the elderly by ordinary people. Psychological experiments have confirmed that the elderly would rather get a lower salary than take greater risks to choose a job with a higher salary.
(B) the elderly "stubborn."
Personality is the attitude and behavior towards oneself, others and the surrounding social life environment, and it is a stable expression of psychological characteristics. After entering old age, people's activity ability and physiological function began to decline gradually. Many people who are high-spirited and active when they are young become deep, dull and indifferent when they are old. In addition, the personality characteristics of the elderly are more prominent because of their numerous life experiences and rich experiences. With the passage of time and the gradual maturity of personal thoughts, the world outlook, outlook on life and values of the elderly have gradually formed, and they have their own unique mode of dealing with people. People who don't understand the physical and mental characteristics and personality characteristics of the elderly will feel that the elderly are becoming more and more opinionated.
There is a psychological skill and strategy that can be tried for the elderly with stubborn personality characteristics, that is, low ball technique. The specific way is to make a smaller request first, and then make a larger request after the elderly accept it, which requires the elderly to bear more material and spiritual costs than the first request. Psychological research shows that it is easier to use the low ball technique than to make that big request directly, and it is accepted by the elderly.
(C) the elderly love "nagging."
As the saying goes, trees have many old roots and people have many old sayings. As soon as the elderly get old, they begin to repeat their own words, nag about a little thing that has long passed, and believe in their own ideas and opinions, and will never give in to others' opinions.
Because of the aging of the body, the old people began to appear lack of energy, and they could not directly participate in many things themselves, or they could not do things as calmly and smartly as they did when they were young. Therefore, they have to express their inner thoughts and emotions by speaking, so that they can feel psychological balance. At the same time, due to the powerful role of self-esteem, the elderly will resolutely defend their attitudes and opinions, that is, psychological self-defense. At this time, in order to get rid of loneliness, the elderly will add a little lively atmosphere to their lives with repetitive and nagging language; Old people are good at talking about their own past, and their previous achievements are all to get a little spiritual comfort to get rid of the current emptiness and helplessness.
(D) "Nostalgia" of the elderly
Memories of the past and the good times have infected the elderly all over the world. This phenomenon can also be understood as a way for most elderly people to try to escape from reality because they feel unable to adapt to the rapidly changing and turbulent times.
As the old saying goes, a tree is taller than a thousands of feet, and the fallen leaves return to their roots. When people get old, it seems that their thoughts begin to regress. They no longer look forward to the future as they did when they were young, but begin to reflect on the road they have traveled for decades and evaluate themselves. Everything they say and do is full of nostalgia. Because I suddenly lost my goal in life after retirement, the pace of life suddenly slowed down, and the mentality of the elderly gradually entered a state of tranquility and peace.
Psychologically, because the elderly are unlikely to be satisfied with new and significant achievements and pride, they turn to the maintenance of psychological balance, which naturally needs to constantly recall and talk about the achievements and honors they have achieved in their lives. For those old people who have lived outside for half their lives, only the nostalgia for their hometown and the past is the most beautiful and poetic chapter in their later life. Childhood friends and playmates, even meals in my hometown, a jujube tree in front of my hometown, a game I played as a child, and so on. Will arouse the strong nostalgia of the elderly.
Many elderly people will feel more comfortable with their peers, and they will feel more cordial with those who have lived and had anecdotes, especially those who grew up together as children, because there are more * * * languages and memories between them.
(e) "rejuvenation" of the elderly
Some elderly people, although they have reached the age of 60, their physiological functions are declining and their physical strength is not as good as before. From the outside, they are already typical images of the elderly. However, their hearts, words and deeds are like an inexperienced child, such as the old playboy week in The Legend of the Condor Heroes.
These old people are different from those who admit that they are old. Their temper and personality become more and more childish with age, and they often show language and behavior that are not commensurate with their actual physiological age. For example, it is informal and unreasonable in front of your relatives and friends; Sensibility and reason wait for no one; Show unprecedented interest and curiosity about things in life; Often take the initiative to ask others for too much care and care; Always ask your wife or children to accompany you; Picky about diet, etc.
In fact, the childlike innocence of the elderly is not a bad phenomenon. This phenomenon is not only scientifically justified, but also the changes of the elderly are extremely beneficial to their physical and mental health.
On weekdays, if the elderly can often walk outdoors, they can not only exercise their bones and muscles, but also get in touch with the sun, promote the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin, improve the absorption of calcium in the intestine, reduce bone loss and prevent osteoporosis. Old people often take part in some beneficial recreational activities, such as singing opera, dancing, fishing and playing chess, which can make them happy physically and mentally and avoid negative self-suggestion. In addition, psychologists have found that children's intellectual toys are also suitable for the elderly, because when the elderly play with toys, they can effectively use their brains by using their brains and thinking positively, and prevent them from accelerating aging due to neglect of using their brains.
(VI) Dependence psychology of the elderly
Many old people don't want to be a burden to their children from the bottom of their hearts. They are eager that their role and position in the family will not be greatly challenged. They still hope that they can play the role of the head of the family in the past, at least they should be valued and concerned by others. They want to be an independent self, whether economically, emotionally or in life.
Due to some objective reasons of physiology and society, the elderly will unconsciously turn into dependence in the struggle of independence and dependence. An old man usually wants to manipulate a person who thinks he is better than him and let him get a protector, which can reduce his tension and anxiety and get a certain sense of satisfaction. At the same time, the protector can also help him face those threatening environments. Once such people are found, or these needs are met, the psychological pressure of the elderly will be greatly reduced and the feeling of anxiety will gradually disappear.
In the aging process of the elderly, there are three typical dependence relationships:
1, economic dependence:
It comes from the time when the elderly are no longer the main source of income for a family, but must rely on pension and social welfare or social welfare and family gifts.
2. Physical dependence:
This happens when the physical function of the elderly gradually declines and he is no longer allowed to do those necessary activities, such as walking, shopping, visiting relatives and friends, etc.
3. Social dependence:
When the old man loses those who are of great significance to his life, this situation reduces the old man's understanding of society, his personal strength and social activities.
Second, the psychological needs of the elderly.
The psychological needs of the elderly can generally be divided into the following three aspects:
Dependent demand
Before retirement, the old people live in various work groups and friends, and the needs of communication and belonging can be met to a certain extent. After retirement, leaving the original work group, the communication with friends is also significantly reduced. In this case, the family has become their main activity place and spiritual sustenance. However, due to old age and infirmity, the elderly still do nothing at home most of the time, and their children are married and not around, which is easy to produce a sense of loss and loneliness. In the relationship with outsiders, they are eager for care and help in life, and they can get warmth and care psychologically, especially emotionally.
(B) self-esteem needs
The social role of retired or incapacitated elderly people has changed greatly. One of the changes is that they have changed from providers to dependence. At this time, although they feel that their working ability and economic income are not as good as before, they still very much hope that their children can respect themselves as before, at least they can't regard themselves as underage children or even a cripple. Therefore, when communicating with the elderly, we should pay sensitive attention to this mentality of the elderly so as not to dampen their self-esteem.
(3) Demand for help
With the growth of age and the deterioration of health, the activities and self-care ability of the elderly gradually decline, and at this time, they need more and more help and care from others. If this demand is not met, they will have negative emotions such as depression and resentment, and even feel abandoned. According to the feedback from the market, the more elderly people whose children are not around, the more eager we are for their health services, which is also the easiest to accept our health care products.
Third, the health status and disease characteristics of the elderly
(A) the health status of the elderly
Because of the aging of the elderly, various diseases have increased significantly. According to the health survey of the elderly over 65 years old in China, it is proved that the diseases of the elderly are very common.
The following is a survey of 967 elderly people over 65 in a hospital in Beijing-
Percentage of the sick population
Suffering from one or more diseases 967 100%
Bedridden due to illness 169 17.5%
Hypertension 53 1 54.9%
Prostatic diseases 4 1 1 42.5%
Coronary heart disease 230 23.8%
352 cases of chronic bronchitis (36.4%)
Senile cataract 699 72.3%
(B) the disease characteristics of the elderly
As can be seen from the above survey, the elderly are almost completely unhealthy, and almost all of them are plagued by one or more diseases. Therefore, as marketers, we should fully understand the disease status and characteristics of each elderly person, organically combine it with products, and provide health consultation or physical therapy for the elderly through services, thus bringing physical and mental health to the elderly.
The disease characteristics of the elderly have the following main characteristics-
1. For the elderly, diseases are rarely single, that is, diseases of different physiological systems often coexist. For example, brain explosion caused by hypertension, emphysema, coronary heart disease, gastric ulcer. Therefore, it is very common for the elderly to be diagnosed with 5-6 diseases in hospitals.
2. There are many potential diseases, but the symptoms are unstable and obvious. Because of the existence of potential diseases, it is often found that a disease can be diagnosed at the same time.
Among the old people, the symptoms of some diseases are extremely atypical. For example, middle-aged people often have myocardial infarction with severe chest pain, while the elderly have almost no such symptoms, often only mild chest discomfort, which often makes the condition gradually serious and worse without being noticed.
Most of the diseases of the elderly are chronic diseases, which are also difficult to treat. The emergence of a disease can be combined with other diseases, such as diabetes, which can easily lead to arteriosclerosis, hypertension and other diseases.
Fourthly, the psychological factors that affect the happy life of the elderly.
Every old person wants to live a healthy, happy and peaceful old age, so how can we achieve this goal? Comprehensive factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly, the main factors affecting the life of the elderly in their later years are physiological and psychological factors and social and psychological factors.
Physiological and psychological factors
Having a healthy body is the prerequisite for the elderly to live a happy life in their later years. If the elderly spend all their old age fighting against diseases, they will suffer from diseases first. Faced with the physical and psychological pain brought by the elderly, they can't live a happy life in their later years.
It is necessary to provide all kinds of health knowledge for the elderly as much as possible, do free disease check-ups for the elderly regularly, prohibit the elderly from drinking and taking drugs excessively, urge the elderly to take reasonable physical exercise regularly, create colorful collective activities for the elderly, and create conditions for the elderly to develop their personal hobbies and interests more fully.
(B) socio-psychological factors
The spiritual sustenance and pursuit of the elderly in their later years are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1, dead weight
The old man struggled all his life. Although everything is not satisfactory, there are always some aspects that they are satisfied with. Therefore, the elderly will consciously or unconsciously maintain some of their existing habits and behaviors. They respect their choice of life and don't always feel guilty and regret about their past. They will make a reasonable evaluation of their life as objectively and fairly as possible, and hope that others will have the same view of themselves.
2. Interpersonal communication
Compared with young people, the elderly hope to gain more, lasting and intimate interpersonal relationships, especially after retirement, when interpersonal relationships suddenly decrease, the elderly will have a strong sense of loss. If someone can chat with them and entertain them, they will be more likely to cope with the interpersonal crisis brought about by their later life.
3. Close and loyal relationship
Due to the inherent unfavorable image of the elderly in the public, the elderly are often easily ignored in all aspects after entering their later years. In fact, the elderly are very afraid of this feeling of being abandoned by society, and they still miss the respect that everyone gave them in the past.
4. originality
Old people don't want to be manipulated and arranged by others. They often have their own arrangements and plans for their old age. For those ambitious old people, they don't want to be bound by others, live independently and give full play to their individuality and characteristics as much as possible.
5. Quiet living environment
After a lifetime of military service, it is finally time for the elderly to retire and enjoy a quiet and comfortable old age. They don't want to have any family chores to worry about and worry about. They yearn for a relaxed and happy life, fully develop their hobbies and interests, associate with people they like and do things they like, so as to experience the fun of enjoying their old age.
6. Inner spiritual activity and respect.
In their later years, old people always like to feel and analyze their inner experiences calmly alone. They hope to have more time and opportunities to think and reflect on their thoughts and behaviors quietly and deeply. Therefore, they are disgusted with the interference and interference of others, and will not change their thoughts and concepts because of the influence of others.
7, caress and care
No matter the elderly who spend their old age with their wives or those who are alone, they need the care and love of the younger generation or others. They like the warm family feeling and hope to live in harmony with others. Everyone is smiling, caring and helping each other.